Movement analysis with stereophotogrammetry: anatomical landmarks calibration

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Movement analysis with stereophotogrammetry: anatomical landmarks calibration"

Transcription

1 Movement analysis with stereophotogrammetry: anatomical landmarks calibration Ugo Della Croce, Ph.D. Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Sassari, ITALY Motion Analysis Lab, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, PM&R Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Motion Analysis Lab, PM&R Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va, USA 1

2 the geometry of the Euclidean 3-dimensional space as a function of time looking at the space around us and describe it with numbers to be able to reproduce it exactly as it was when observed, even if it may have changed meanwhile 2

3 this is the complicated reality we want to frame into a numerical structure t = t 3

4 let s focus on a single bone 4

5 a body may be thought of as made of particles we represent a particle using the dimensionless geometric entity (model) point P 5

6 point which lies on a known plane described with numbers v v v = x y v x v y = v cos = vsin φ φ y v y v φ v x P x ( ) v = v 2 2 x + v y 6

7 what happens if we change perspective? The numerical description of the position of P changes Can we set a relationship between v and v? y y v v P x x 7

8 change of perspective by simply sliding (translating) the cross-wire y y v v P Rule for coordinate transformation v v x y = = p p ox oy + v + v x' y' o p o o x x v = p + o v' 8

9 rule for coordinate transformation y y θ yx θ yx P θ xy x v v x y = = v v x' x' cosθ cosθ x' x x' y + + v v y' y' cosθ cosθ y' x y' y θ xx x v v x y = cosθ cosθ x' x x' y cosθ cosθ y' x y' y v v x' y' v = Av' 9

10 general change of perspective What is the relationship between v and v? y y v v P x x 10

11 change of perspective in two steps: translate and rotate it the cross-wire y y v = p + o v' y v P v x v ' = Av'' p o x x v = p + o Av'' 11

12 a point in the three-dimensional space y P v y v v = v x v y v z v z v x x z 12

13 change of perspective in the three-dimensional space y y A = cosθ cosθ cosθ x' x x' y x' z cosθ cosθ cosθ y' x y' y z' z cosθ cosθ cosθ z' x z' y z' z v v P x p o = p ox p oy p oz p o x v = p + o Av' z z 13

14 we are using stereophotogrammetry y BTS BTS P v y v v = v x v y v z v z z v x x 14

15 markers over a body segment y BTS BTS v v = v x v y v z z x 15

16 markers over a body segment: requirements BTS NO REPEATABLE BTS visible to the cameras fast, easy and safe mounting minimal disturbance to the subject applicability over prostheses, orthoses spread in space 16

17 body segment representation: repeatibility BTS BTS points related to the anatomy joint axes location inertia properties (CoM, axes of inertia) 17

18 body segment representation: Bone-embedded Frames BTS BTS Bone-embedded Technical Frame (BTF) 18

19 body segment representation: Bone-embedded Frames BTS P 1 BTS P 2 P 3 P 1, P 2, P 3 mathematical operator p 0, A 19

20 body segment representation: Bone-embedded Frames BTS BTS Bone-embedded Technical Frame Anatomical Landmarks 20

21 body segment representation: Bone-embedded Frames BTS BTS Bone-embedded Technical Frame Bone-embedded Anatomical Frame (BAF) 21

22 body segment representation: Bone-embedded Frames P 1 BTS BTS P 3 P 2 P 1, P 2, P 3 mathematical operator p 0, A 22

23 anatomical landmark calibration ASIS PSIS LE, ME, GT LM, MM, TT, HF 23

24 now the scene is in motion BTS BTS 24

25 in every instant of time we use two systems of axes global (fixed with the laboratory) Y y X z x Bone-embedded (fixed with the moving body) Z 25

26 movement reconstruction position and orientation of the moving BF relative to the global frame y Y p o o X z Z A A = x p o cosθ cosθ cosθ = x' x x' y x' z p position vector ox cosθ cosθ cosθ p z' z oy y' x y' y p oz orientation matrix cosθ cosθ cosθ z' x z' y z' z 26

27 in each sampled instant of time: 1. locate the BF relative to the global set of axes and 2. locate the body points in the BF in the global set of axes Y y x Z X z 27

28 movement reconstruction Y Z X 28

29 sources of errors BTS BTS P 1) instrumental errors v = v x v y v z 2) skin movement artifacts 3) anatomical landmark mislocation 29

30 1) instrumental errors (apparent marker movement) BTS BTS P 1 P 2 O mm O X (t) s Della Croce et al., Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comp.,

31 compensation of instrumental errors BTS BTS increase the number of cameras improve camera location good marker maintenance 31

32 2) skin movement artifacts (actual marker movement) 32

33 skin markers 33

34 how to measure skin movement artifacts Fluoroscopy, GT, LE, HF, LM voluntary flexion 6 frames/sec Angeloni et al., ESB

35 how to measure skin movement artifacts intracortical pins 60 flexion => 5.0 Ab/Ad and 9.4 Int/Ext 60 flexion => 3.4 Ab/Ad and 10.6 Int/Ext Lafortune and Cavanagh, Journal of Biomechanics 1992 Ishii et al., ClinOrtRelRes 1997 percutaneous pins vs 11diff.arrays, tib/fib, 7 subj, gait Manal et al., GaitPost

36 the challenge rigid body estimator anatomical landmark identification 36

37 rigid body model calibration in a given instant of time y BTF z Laboratory frame x Spoor and Veldpaus, 1980 Veldpaus et al., 1988 Söderkvist and Wedin, 1993 Challis, 1994 Challis, 1995 Cheze et al., 1995 Cappozzo et al.,

38 fitting the rigid body model calibration to the markers in each sampled instant of time during the movement y Laboratory frame x z 38

39 anatomical landmark calibration BTF BTF bone-embedded technical frame w i anatomical landmark position vectors 39

40 3) anatomical landmark mislocation rigid body estimator anatomical landmark identification 40

41 palpable anatomical landmarks precision [mm] landmark INTRA-OPERATOR INTER-OPERATOR r r PELVIS ASIS PSIS FEMUR GT r ME LE TIBIA and TT 5 12 FIBULA HF 6 12 MM 7 15 LM 9 17 FOOT CA FM 8 22 Della Croce et al., Medical & Biol. Eng. & Comp.,

42 Identification of the hip joint center location x y z METHOD Func. Bell Davis Func. Bell Davis Func. Bell Davis MEAN [mm] SD [mm] Func. Cappozzo, Human Movement Science, 1984 Bell Bell et al., Journal of Biomechanics, 1990 Davis Davis et al., Human Movement Science, 1991 Z Y X Leardini et al., Journal of Biomechanics,

43 anatomical reference frame precision determined BAF marker cluster BTF actual BAF r [deg] INTRA- OPERATOR INTER- OPERATOR PELVIS A-P V M-L FEMUR A-P V M-L TIBIA and A-P FIBULA V M-L FOOT A-P V M-L Della Croce et al., Medical & Biol. Eng. & Comp.,

44 joint kinematics precision upright posture r [deg] INTRA- OPERATOR INTER- OPERATOR HIP Fl/ex Int/ext Ab/add KNEE Fl/ex Int/ext Ab/add ANKLE Fl/ex Int/ext Ab/add Della Croce et al., Medical & Biol. Eng. & Comp.,

45 joint kinematics precision flexion-extension error [deg] flexion [deg] flexion ab/adduction int/extern Della Croce et al., Medical & Biol. Eng. & Comp.,

46 FLEXION-EXTENSION MUSCULAR MOMENT AT THE HIP Y FC FO FC Z X extension flexion %W *H -30 mm +30 mm % of walking cycle Stagni et al., Journal of Biomechanics,

47 additional anatomical landmarks LE and ME LC and MC LP and MP FH GT 47

48 Bone-embedded Anatomical Frame (BAF) LE and ME V FH (BAF1) LC and MC LP and MP M-L A-P 48

49 additional BAF (2) LE and ME V FH (BAF1) (BAF2) LC and MC LP and MP A-P M-L 49

50 additional BAF (3) LE and ME LC and MC V FH (BAF1) (BAF2) (BAF3) LP and MP M-L A-P 50

51 additional BAF (4) LE and ME LC and MC V FH (BAF1) (BAF2) (BAF3) (BAF4) LP and MP A-P M-L 51

52 additional BAF (5) LE and ME LC and MC LP and MP V FH (BAF1) (BAF2) (BAF3) (BAF4) (BAF5) M-L A-P 52

53 additional BAF (6) V LE and ME LC and MC LP and MP FH GT (BAF1) (BAF2) (BAF3) (BAF4) (BAF5) (BAF6) M-L A-P 53

54 additional BAF (7) SVD (BAF1) (BAF2) (BAF3) (BAF4) (BAF5) (BAF6) (BAF7) a X a a a a a a a a = xgt x LE x ME x LP x MP x LC x MC x FH 54

55 results % A-P V M-L BAF BAF BAF BAF BAF BAF

56 recent advances optimization of functional methods for joint modelling augmented anatomical landmark identification i u m su provided in part by Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences University Institute for Movement Science Rome, Italy 56

57 optimization of functional methods for joint modelling hip : spherical joint i u m su 57

58 optimization of functional methods for joint modelling functional approach HJC: m su relative rotation center between pelvis and femur u i 58

59 optimization of functional methods for joint modelling best algorithm hip : spherical joint more suitable movement criteria for marker cluster design Cereatti et al. (2004) Camomilla et al. (2006) 59

60 optimization of functional methods for joint modelling ankle : universal joint 2 degrees of freedom 3 angular rotations 3 linear displacements 60

61 optimization of functional methods for joint modelling functional approach axes positions and orientations 61

62 recent advances optimization of functional methods for joint modelling anatomical landmark identification 62

63 anatomical calibration: traditional approach y c superficial anatomical landmarks are identified by palpation y g x c z c x g z g c a c c c [ a a a ], i = 1,..., r i = xi yi zi lateral epicondyle 63

64 anatomical calibration: traditional approach selected anatomical landmarks y c ai = axi ayi azi, i = i c c c c unlabelled points selected in areas of the bone covered by a thin layer of soft tissues, so that the skin surface may be considered to coincide with the bone surface z c x c ui = uxi uyi u zi, i = 1,...,r c c c c 64

65 anatomical calibration: novel approach i u m su = u u u, i = 1,...,r g u g g g i xi yi zi Rozumalski A, Schwartz MH. Gait & Posture

66 global position of unlabelled points of the bone surface a wand carrying three non-aligned markers i u m su 66

67 points on the subject s bone surface as reconstructed using stereophotogrammetry GT y c femoral condyle z c x c marker-cluster frame 67

68 bone digital model* (template from database) morphological frame * Provided by Laboratorio di Tecnologie Biomediche at I.O.R - Bologna 68

69 the distal portion of the bone is isolated morphological frame 69

70 construction of the midepicondyle-gt line GT morphological frame 70

71 first approximation registration y c z c x c 71

72 registration: iterative method matching Minimization of mean direct Hausdorff distance Minimization was performed using a genetic algorithm Michalewicz, Z. (1996). Genetic Algorithm + Data Structures = Evolution Programs. Springer-Verlag: New York 72

73 first approximation registration y c z c x c f( P, U) =

74 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) =

75 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) =

76 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) =

77 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) =

78 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) =

79 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) = 53 79

80 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) = 24 80

81 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) = 15 81

82 iterations y c z c x c f( P, U) = 12 82

83 solution b anatomical parameters = b b b, i = 1,..., n c c c c i xi yi zi y c z c x c f( P, U) = 10 83

84 solution b anatomical parameters = b b b, i = 1,..., n c c c c i xi yi zi y c z c x c f( P, U) = 10 84

85 ME MP LP LE repeatability assessment MC LC sd [mm] landmark LE ME LP MP LC MC Method # 3* Intra-operator Method # 3* Inter-operator Method # 4** Intra-operator Method # 4** Inter-operator * Della Croce U, Cappozzo A, Kerrigan C. Medical & Biol Engng & Comp 1999 ** Donati et al (2007) 85

86 ME MP LP LE repeatability assessment MC LC sd [mm] landmark LE ME LP MP LC MC Method # 3* Intra-operator Method # 3* Inter-operator Expert physiotherapists Method # 4** Intra-operator Method # 4** Inter-operator Bioengineers * Della Croce U, Cappozzo A, Kerrigan C. Medical & Biol Engng & Comp 1999 ** Donati et al (2007) 86

87 anatomical calibration: method # 4 Morphology data: High resolution non subject-specific data y m GT FH [ ] r m m m m âi = âxi âyi âzi, i = 1,..., Precise and economic LE m ˆb m m m = [ ], i = 1,..., n z i bˆ xi bˆ yi bˆ (no skilled professional zi required) m ME x m Registration data: unlabelled and labelled points of the bone surface y c GT c u i c c c [ u u u ], i = 1,..., r = xi yi zi z c x c c a c c c [ a a a ] i = i i = xi yi zi, 87

88 conclusions BTS BTS anatomical landmark mislocation can be reduced by: increasing the number of anatomical landmarks using the least sensitive BAF definition rules defining and determining anatomical landmark areas 88

89 Thank you 89

INFORMATION SOCIETIES TECHNOLOGY (IST) PROGRAMME

INFORMATION SOCIETIES TECHNOLOGY (IST) PROGRAMME INFORMATION SOCIETIES TECHNOLOGY (IST) PROGRAMME Project Number IST-1999-10954 Project Title: Virtual Animation of the Kinematics of the Human for Industrial, Educational and Research Purposes Title of

More information

Terminology of Human Walking From North American Society for Gait and Human Movement 1993 and AAOP Gait Society 1994

Terminology of Human Walking From North American Society for Gait and Human Movement 1993 and AAOP Gait Society 1994 Gait Cycle: The period of time from one event (usually initial contact) of one foot to the following occurrence of the same event with the same foot. Abbreviated GC. Gait Stride: The distance from initial

More information

Under 20 of rotation the accuracy of data collected by 2D software is maintained?

Under 20 of rotation the accuracy of data collected by 2D software is maintained? Under 20 of rotation the accuracy of data collected by 2D software is maintained? Introduction This study was undertaken in order to validate the Quintic two-dimensional software. Unlike threedimensional

More information

1/15/14. Walking vs Running. Normal Running Mechanics. Treadmill vs. Overground Are they the same? Importance of Gait Analysis.

1/15/14. Walking vs Running. Normal Running Mechanics. Treadmill vs. Overground Are they the same? Importance of Gait Analysis. angle (deg) 1/1/14 Normal Running Mechanics Walking vs Running Irene Davis, PhD, PT, FACSM, FAPTA, FASB Director, Spaulding National Running Center Walking Periods of DOUBLE SUPPORT Running Periods of

More information

www.ghadialisurgery.com

www.ghadialisurgery.com P R E S E N T S Dr. Mufa T. Ghadiali is skilled in all aspects of General Surgery. His General Surgery Services include: General Surgery Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery Surgical Oncology Gastrointestinal

More information

Letter to the editor

Letter to the editor Journal of Biomechanics 35 (2002) 543 548 Letter to the editor ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion part I: ankle, hip,

More information

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY Chapter 8 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 8.1 Introduction In this chapter we present a vector algebra approach to three dimensional geometry. The aim is to present standard properties of lines and planes,

More information

This week. CENG 732 Computer Animation. Challenges in Human Modeling. Basic Arm Model

This week. CENG 732 Computer Animation. Challenges in Human Modeling. Basic Arm Model CENG 732 Computer Animation Spring 2006-2007 Week 8 Modeling and Animating Articulated Figures: Modeling the Arm, Walking, Facial Animation This week Modeling the arm Different joint structures Walking

More information

REHAB 442: Advanced Kinesiology and Biomechanics INTRODUCTION - TERMS & CONCEPTS

REHAB 442: Advanced Kinesiology and Biomechanics INTRODUCTION - TERMS & CONCEPTS Rehab 442: Introduction - Page 1 REHAB 442: Advanced Kinesiology and Biomechanics INTRODUCTION - TERMS & CONCEPTS Readings: Norkin & Levangie, Chapters 1 & 2 or Oatis, Ch. 1 & 2 (don't get too bogged down

More information

Research-Grade Research-Grade. Capture

Research-Grade Research-Grade. Capture Research-Grade Research-Grade Motion Motion Capture Capture The System of Choice For Resear systems have earned the reputation as the gold standard for motion capture among research scientists. With unparalleled

More information

Epipolar Geometry and Visual Servoing

Epipolar Geometry and Visual Servoing Epipolar Geometry and Visual Servoing Domenico Prattichizzo joint with with Gian Luca Mariottini and Jacopo Piazzi www.dii.unisi.it/prattichizzo Robotics & Systems Lab University of Siena, Italy Scuoladi

More information

BIOMECHANICAL MODELS FOR HUMAN GAIT ANALYSES USING INVERSE DYNAMICS FORMULATION

BIOMECHANICAL MODELS FOR HUMAN GAIT ANALYSES USING INVERSE DYNAMICS FORMULATION 5º CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE BIOMECÂNICA R.M. Natal Jorge, J.M.R.S. Tavares, J. Belinha, M.P.L Parente, P.A.L.S Martins (Eds) Espinho, Portugal, 8 e 9 de Fevereiro, 2013 BIOMECHANICAL MODELS FOR HUMAN GAIT

More information

Read a chapter on Angular Kinematics

Read a chapter on Angular Kinematics Read a chapter on Angular Kinematics Angular Kinematics Hamill & Knutzen (Ch 9) Hay (Ch. 4), Hay & Ried (Ch. 10), Kreighbaum & Barthels (Module Ι) or Hall (Ch. 11) Reporting Angles Measurement of Angles

More information

DEVELOPMENT OF 3D GAIT ANALYZER SOFTWARE BASED ON MARKER POSITION DATA

DEVELOPMENT OF 3D GAIT ANALYZER SOFTWARE BASED ON MARKER POSITION DATA Invited Paper DEVELOPMENT OF 3D GAIT ANALYZER SOFTWARE BASED ON MARKER POSITION DATA Sandro Mihradi 1, Agri I. Henda 1, Tatacipta Dirgantara 2, Andi I. Mahyuddin 1 1 Mechanical Design Research Group, Mechanical

More information

User Guide MTD-3. Motion Lab Systems, Inc.

User Guide MTD-3. Motion Lab Systems, Inc. User Guide MTD-3 Motion Lab Systems, Inc. This manual was written by Motion Lab Systems using ComponentOne Doc-To-Help. Updated Tuesday, June 07, 2016 Intended Audience This manual is written to provide

More information

Screening Examination of the Lower Extremities BUY THIS BOOK! Lower Extremity Screening Exam

Screening Examination of the Lower Extremities BUY THIS BOOK! Lower Extremity Screening Exam Screening Examination of the Lower Extremities Melvyn Harrington, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Loyola University Medical Center BUY THIS BOOK! Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care

More information

Posterior Referencing. Surgical Technique

Posterior Referencing. Surgical Technique Posterior Referencing Surgical Technique Posterior Referencing Surgical Technique INTRO Introduction Instrumentation Successful total knee arthroplasty depends in part on re-establishment of normal lower

More information

THEORETICAL MECHANICS

THEORETICAL MECHANICS PROF. DR. ING. VASILE SZOLGA THEORETICAL MECHANICS LECTURE NOTES AND SAMPLE PROBLEMS PART ONE STATICS OF THE PARTICLE, OF THE RIGID BODY AND OF THE SYSTEMS OF BODIES KINEMATICS OF THE PARTICLE 2010 0 Contents

More information

KINEMATICS OF PARTICLES RELATIVE MOTION WITH RESPECT TO TRANSLATING AXES

KINEMATICS OF PARTICLES RELATIVE MOTION WITH RESPECT TO TRANSLATING AXES KINEMTICS OF PRTICLES RELTIVE MOTION WITH RESPECT TO TRNSLTING XES In the previous articles, we have described particle motion using coordinates with respect to fixed reference axes. The displacements,

More information

Structure and Function of the Hip

Structure and Function of the Hip Structure and Function of the Hip Objectives Identify the bones and bony landmarks of the hip and pelvis Identify and describe the supporting structures of the hip joint Describe the kinematics of the

More information

Determining the Posture, Shape and Mobility of the Spine

Determining the Posture, Shape and Mobility of the Spine Determining the Posture, Shape and Mobility of the Spine The World of Biomechanics Assessment of the Mobility Function Using a special Triple Cervical marker set comprising miniature ultrasound transmitters,

More information

How To Analyze Ball Blur On A Ball Image

How To Analyze Ball Blur On A Ball Image Single Image 3D Reconstruction of Ball Motion and Spin From Motion Blur An Experiment in Motion from Blur Giacomo Boracchi, Vincenzo Caglioti, Alessandro Giusti Objective From a single image, reconstruct:

More information

Knee Kinematics and Kinetics

Knee Kinematics and Kinetics Knee Kinematics and Kinetics Definitions: Kinematics is the study of movement without reference to forces http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn2.0?stage=1&word=kinematics Kinetics is the study

More information

Lab #7 - Joint Kinetics and Internal Forces

Lab #7 - Joint Kinetics and Internal Forces Purpose: Lab #7 - Joint Kinetics and Internal Forces The objective of this lab is to understand how to calculate net joint forces (NJFs) and net joint moments (NJMs) from force data. Upon completion of

More information

THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL DEFORMITY AT THE KNEE

THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL DEFORMITY AT THE KNEE THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL DEFORMITY AT THE KNEE Kenneth A. Krackow, M.D. Clinical Director, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kaleida Health System Buffalo General Hospital Professor and Full

More information

Physics 160 Biomechanics. Angular Kinematics

Physics 160 Biomechanics. Angular Kinematics Physics 160 Biomechanics Angular Kinematics Questions to think about Why do batters slide their hands up the handle of the bat to lay down a bunt but not to drive the ball? Why might an athletic trainer

More information

Corporate Medical Policy Computer Assisted Surgical Navigational Orthopedic Procedures

Corporate Medical Policy Computer Assisted Surgical Navigational Orthopedic Procedures Corporate Medical Policy Computer Assisted Surgical Navigational Orthopedic File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: computer_assisted_surgical_navigational_orthopedic_procedures

More information

Computer Animation. Lecture 2. Basics of Character Animation

Computer Animation. Lecture 2. Basics of Character Animation Computer Animation Lecture 2. Basics of Character Animation Taku Komura Overview Character Animation Posture representation Hierarchical structure of the body Joint types Translational, hinge, universal,

More information

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Techniques Applied To Hip Implant

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Techniques Applied To Hip Implant International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 3 Issue. 3 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Techniques Applied To Hip Implant 1, M. S. Abo_Elkhair, 2, M. E. Abo-Elnor,

More information

Biomechanics. State of equilibrium is when the sum (or net effect) of forces acting on a body equals zero

Biomechanics. State of equilibrium is when the sum (or net effect) of forces acting on a body equals zero Biomechanics Kinesiology is the science of, or study of, human motion. It brings together the fields of anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, physics and geometry relating them to human movement. Bio refers

More information

Interactive Computer Graphics

Interactive Computer Graphics Interactive Computer Graphics Lecture 18 Kinematics and Animation Interactive Graphics Lecture 18: Slide 1 Animation of 3D models In the early days physical models were altered frame by frame to create

More information

Motion Capture Sistemi a marker passivi

Motion Capture Sistemi a marker passivi Motion Capture Sistemi a marker passivi N. Alberto Borghese Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Virtual Reality (MAVR) Department of Computer Science University of Milano 1/41 Outline Introduction:

More information

Metrics on SO(3) and Inverse Kinematics

Metrics on SO(3) and Inverse Kinematics Mathematical Foundations of Computer Graphics and Vision Metrics on SO(3) and Inverse Kinematics Luca Ballan Institute of Visual Computing Optimization on Manifolds Descent approach d is a ascent direction

More information

Computer modeling of gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy: application to treatment planning

Computer modeling of gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy: application to treatment planning Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science Vol. 6, No. 3 4, May August 2005, 305 312 Computer modeling of gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy: application to treatment planning A. S. ARNOLD* and S. L. DELP

More information

The goals of surgery in ambulatory children with cerebral

The goals of surgery in ambulatory children with cerebral ORIGINAL ARTICLE Changes in Pelvic Rotation After Soft Tissue and Bony Surgery in Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy Robert M. Kay, MD,* Susan Rethlefsen, PT,* Marty Reed, MD, K. Patrick Do, BS,*

More information

Original research papers

Original research papers Pol. J. Sport Tourism, 9, 8-7 DOI:.78/v97---z 8 Original research papers THE IMPACT OF ANKLE JOINT STIFFENING BY SKI EQUIPMENT ON MAINTENANCE OF BODY BALANCE The impact of ski equipment on body balance

More information

AUTORIZOVANÝ SOFTWARE PED2D SOFTWARE FOR 2D CAR TO PEDESTRIAN FRONTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

AUTORIZOVANÝ SOFTWARE PED2D SOFTWARE FOR 2D CAR TO PEDESTRIAN FRONTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS ODBOR MODELOVÁNÍ HETEROGENNÍCH MATERIÁLŮ A BIOMECHANICKÝCH SYSTÉMŮ AUTORIZOVANÝ SOFTWARE PED2D SOFTWARE FOR 2D CAR TO PEDESTRIAN FRONTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS Autor: Ing. Luděk Hynčík, Ph.D. Číslo projektu:

More information

BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT Titolo

BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT Titolo SUMMER SCHOOL 2006 Monte S.Pietro, Bologna ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEURO-MOTOR ASSESSMENT AND REHABILITATION BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT Titolo Rita Stagni, Silvia Fantozzi, Angelo Cappello Biomedical

More information

EVIDENCE-BASED BIOMECHANICS

EVIDENCE-BASED BIOMECHANICS EVIDENCE-BASED BIOMECHANICS BEST IN CLASS Technology Software Customer Service EVIDENCE-BASED DIAGNOSTICS EVIDENCE-BASED ADVANTAGE We invite you to experience the highest quality, state-of-the-art measurement

More information

How to use Plug In Gait

How to use Plug In Gait Plug-In Gait How to use Plug In Gait How to Use Plug In Gait This chapter will guide you through the steps required to process your data using the Plug in Gait package. These guidelines should be used

More information

Two hours UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE. M.Sc. in Advanced Computer Science. Friday 18 th January 2008.

Two hours UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE. M.Sc. in Advanced Computer Science. Friday 18 th January 2008. COMP60321 Two hours UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE M.Sc. in Advanced Computer Science Computer Animation Friday 18 th January 2008 Time: 09:45 11:45 Please answer any THREE Questions

More information

Time Domain and Frequency Domain Techniques For Multi Shaker Time Waveform Replication

Time Domain and Frequency Domain Techniques For Multi Shaker Time Waveform Replication Time Domain and Frequency Domain Techniques For Multi Shaker Time Waveform Replication Thomas Reilly Data Physics Corporation 1741 Technology Drive, Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95110 (408) 216-8440 This paper

More information

Neuromechanical Redundancy for Gait Compensation in Transtibial Amputees. Kinsey Herrin, B.S. Advisor: Young-Hui Chang, Ph.D.

Neuromechanical Redundancy for Gait Compensation in Transtibial Amputees. Kinsey Herrin, B.S. Advisor: Young-Hui Chang, Ph.D. Neuromechanical Redundancy for Gait Compensation in Transtibial Amputees Kinsey Herrin, B.S. Advisor: Young-Hui Chang, Ph.D. 1 Transtibial Amputees Limb length Ankle Normal joint mobility Direct muscular

More information

Introduction to Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials

Introduction to Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials Introduction to Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials Ozkaya and Nordin Chapter 7, pages 127-151 Chapter 8, pages 173-194 Outline Modes of loading Internal forces and moments Stiffness of a structure

More information

Mechanics of Balance

Mechanics of Balance Maureen McHugh Number 1 Notes on Applied Anatomy Feldenkrais Practitioner Mechanics of Balance July 2009 Balance on one foot How does the ballet dancer balance on one foot? In looking at the photo at right,

More information

be applied in Medicine. The main goal of our work is to create a joint model to represent virtual human skeletons strongly based in anatomic

be applied in Medicine. The main goal of our work is to create a joint model to represent virtual human skeletons strongly based in anatomic Anatomy-Based Joint Models for Virtual Humans Skeletons ANDERSON MACIEL 1 LUCIANA PORCHER NEDEL CARLA M. DAL SASSO FREITAS Instituto de Informática - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento

More information

SimFonIA Animation Tools V1.0. SCA Extension SimFonIA Character Animator

SimFonIA Animation Tools V1.0. SCA Extension SimFonIA Character Animator SimFonIA Animation Tools V1.0 SCA Extension SimFonIA Character Animator Bring life to your lectures Move forward with industrial design Combine illustrations with your presentations Convey your ideas to

More information

QUESTION I HAVE BEEN ASKED TO REHAB GRADE II AND III MCL INJURIES DIFFERENTLY BY DIFFERENT SURGEONS IN THE FIRST 6WEEKS FOLLOWING INJURY.

QUESTION I HAVE BEEN ASKED TO REHAB GRADE II AND III MCL INJURIES DIFFERENTLY BY DIFFERENT SURGEONS IN THE FIRST 6WEEKS FOLLOWING INJURY. QUESTION I HAVE BEEN ASKED TO REHAB GRADE II AND III MCL INJURIES DIFFERENTLY BY DIFFERENT SURGEONS IN THE FIRST 6WEEKS FOLLOWING INJURY. SOME ARE HINGE BRACED 0-90 DEGREES AND ASKED TO REHAB INCLUDING

More information

ACTUATOR DESIGN FOR ARC WELDING ROBOT

ACTUATOR DESIGN FOR ARC WELDING ROBOT ACTUATOR DESIGN FOR ARC WELDING ROBOT 1 Anurag Verma, 2 M. M. Gor* 1 G.H Patel College of Engineering & Technology, V.V.Nagar-388120, Gujarat, India 2 Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology, Limda-391760,

More information

Development of Simulation Tools Software

Development of Simulation Tools Software Development of Simulation Tools Software Vincent Luboz Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology Imperial College London BSc VR Surgical Simulation Software Slide 1 Contents Virtual Reality VR Surgical

More information

animation animation shape specification as a function of time

animation animation shape specification as a function of time animation animation shape specification as a function of time animation representation many ways to represent changes with time intent artistic motion physically-plausible motion efficiency control typically

More information

Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement through the Direct Lateral Approach

Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement through the Direct Lateral Approach Surgical Technique INNOVATIONS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE JOINT SURGERY Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement through the Direct Lateral Approach *smith&nephew Introduction Prosthetic replacement of the hip joint

More information

ACL Non-Operative Protocol

ACL Non-Operative Protocol ACL Non-Operative Protocol Anatomy and Biomechanics The knee is a hinge joint connecting the femur and tibia bones. It is held together by several important ligaments. The most important ligament to the

More information

Vision-based Walking Parameter Estimation for Biped Locomotion Imitation

Vision-based Walking Parameter Estimation for Biped Locomotion Imitation Vision-based Walking Parameter Estimation for Biped Locomotion Imitation Juan Pedro Bandera Rubio 1, Changjiu Zhou 2 and Francisco Sandoval Hernández 1 1 Dpto. Tecnología Electrónica, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación

More information

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAGMENT INJURY PREVENTION. Milad Alam, PGY2 Aug 12 th, 2014

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAGMENT INJURY PREVENTION. Milad Alam, PGY2 Aug 12 th, 2014 ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAGMENT INJURY PREVENTION Milad Alam, PGY2 Aug 12 th, 2014 Femoral Attachment: post-med corner of medial side of lateral femoral condyle Tibial Attachment: in a fossa, anterior medial

More information

Edinburgh Visual Gait Score for Use in Cerebral Palsy

Edinburgh Visual Gait Score for Use in Cerebral Palsy Edinburgh Visual Gait for Use in Cerebral Palsy Explanatory Notes The P&O Clinical Movement DATA software can assist you in calculating the Edinburgh Visual Gait (EVGS). Use the on screen measurement and

More information

Have to Haves vs Want to Haves Emerging Technology and Trends. www.cyclologic.com

Have to Haves vs Want to Haves Emerging Technology and Trends. www.cyclologic.com Have to Haves vs Want to Haves Emerging Technology and Trends www.cyclologic.com Disclosures Cyclologic offers educational services to retailers and medical professionals Cyclologic delivers educational

More information

Wii Remote Calibration Using the Sensor Bar

Wii Remote Calibration Using the Sensor Bar Wii Remote Calibration Using the Sensor Bar Alparslan Yildiz Abdullah Akay Yusuf Sinan Akgul GIT Vision Lab - http://vision.gyte.edu.tr Gebze Institute of Technology Kocaeli, Turkey {yildiz, akay, akgul}@bilmuh.gyte.edu.tr

More information

High-Flex Solutions for the MIS Era. Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee System

High-Flex Solutions for the MIS Era. Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee System High-Flex Solutions for the MIS Era Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee System Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee Built On Success In today s health care environment, meeting patient demands means

More information

Spatial location in 360 of reference points over an object by using stereo vision

Spatial location in 360 of reference points over an object by using stereo vision EDUCATION Revista Mexicana de Física E 59 (2013) 23 27 JANUARY JUNE 2013 Spatial location in 360 of reference points over an object by using stereo vision V. H. Flores a, A. Martínez a, J. A. Rayas a,

More information

Spinal Arthrodesis Group Exercises

Spinal Arthrodesis Group Exercises Spinal Arthrodesis Group Exercises 1. Two surgeons work together to perform an arthrodesis. Dr. Bonet, a general surgeon, makes the anterior incision to gain access to the spine for the arthrodesis procedure.

More information

Comparison of Film and Video Techniques for Estimating Three-Dimensional Coordinates within a Large Field

Comparison of Film and Video Techniques for Estimating Three-Dimensional Coordinates within a Large Field TECHNICAL NOTES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT BIOMECHANICS, 1992,8, 145-151 Comparison of Film and Video Techniques for Estimating Three-Dimensional Coordinates within a Large Field Rosa M. Angulo and

More information

The Effects of Equine Handling on the Biomechanics of Mounted Human Subjects

The Effects of Equine Handling on the Biomechanics of Mounted Human Subjects The Effects of Equine Handling on the Biomechanics of Mounted Human Subjects A Study to Help Validate the Use of Equine Movement as a Therapy Strategy Presented by: Celia Bower, PT, HPCS Margo Dewkett,

More information

Accuracy of Six Degree of Freedom Joint Kinematics and Kinetic Measures During Normal and Pathological Gait: A Simulation Study

Accuracy of Six Degree of Freedom Joint Kinematics and Kinetic Measures During Normal and Pathological Gait: A Simulation Study i Accuracy of Six Degree of Freedom Joint Kinematics and Kinetic Measures During Normal and Pathological Gait: A Simulation Study By Anne Schmitz (nee Baus) A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of

More information

DINAMIC AND STATIC CENTRE OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT ON THE FORCEPLATE. F. R. Soha, I. A. Szabó, M. Budai. Abstract

DINAMIC AND STATIC CENTRE OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT ON THE FORCEPLATE. F. R. Soha, I. A. Szabó, M. Budai. Abstract ACTA PHYSICA DEBRECINA XLVI, 143 (2012) DINAMIC AND STATIC CENTRE OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT ON THE FORCEPLATE F. R. Soha, I. A. Szabó, M. Budai University of Debrecen, Department of Solid State Physics Abstract

More information

Anatomic Percutaneous Ankle Reconstruction of Lateral Ligaments (A Percutaneous Anti ROLL)

Anatomic Percutaneous Ankle Reconstruction of Lateral Ligaments (A Percutaneous Anti ROLL) Anatomic Percutaneous Ankle Reconstruction of Lateral Ligaments (A Percutaneous Anti ROLL) Mark Glazebrook James Stone Masato Takao Stephane Guillo Introduction Ankle stabilization is required when a patient

More information

Biomechanics in javelin throwing

Biomechanics in javelin throwing Biomechanics in javelin throwing with special reference to feedback for coaching Jukka Viitasalo KIHU Research Institute for Olympic Sports Jyväskylä, Finland Contents 1. Biomechanical background in javelin

More information

Human Skeletal and Muscle Deformation Animation Using Motion Capture Data

Human Skeletal and Muscle Deformation Animation Using Motion Capture Data Human Skeletal and Muscle Deformation Animation Using Motion Capture Data Ali Orkan Bayer Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara, Turkey orkan@ceng.metu.edu.tr

More information

Operational Space Control for A Scara Robot

Operational Space Control for A Scara Robot Operational Space Control for A Scara Robot Francisco Franco Obando D., Pablo Eduardo Caicedo R., Oscar Andrés Vivas A. Universidad del Cauca, {fobando, pacaicedo, avivas }@unicauca.edu.co Abstract This

More information

Kinematics of Robots. Alba Perez Gracia

Kinematics of Robots. Alba Perez Gracia Kinematics of Robots Alba Perez Gracia c Draft date August 31, 2007 Contents Contents i 1 Motion: An Introduction 3 1.1 Overview.......................................... 3 1.2 Introduction.........................................

More information

KIN 335 - Biomechanics LAB: Ground Reaction Forces - Linear Kinetics

KIN 335 - Biomechanics LAB: Ground Reaction Forces - Linear Kinetics KIN 335 - Biomechanics LAB: Ground Reaction Forces - Linear Kinetics Reading Assignment: 1) Luhtanen, P. and Komi, P.V. (1978). Segmental contribution to forces in vertical jump. European Journal of Applied

More information

Rotation: Moment of Inertia and Torque

Rotation: Moment of Inertia and Torque Rotation: Moment of Inertia and Torque Every time we push a door open or tighten a bolt using a wrench, we apply a force that results in a rotational motion about a fixed axis. Through experience we learn

More information

CALIBRATION OF A ROBUST 2 DOF PATH MONITORING TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS AND MACHINE TOOLS BASED ON PARALLEL KINEMATICS

CALIBRATION OF A ROBUST 2 DOF PATH MONITORING TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS AND MACHINE TOOLS BASED ON PARALLEL KINEMATICS CALIBRATION OF A ROBUST 2 DOF PATH MONITORING TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS AND MACHINE TOOLS BASED ON PARALLEL KINEMATICS E. Batzies 1, M. Kreutzer 1, D. Leucht 2, V. Welker 2, O. Zirn 1 1 Mechatronics Research

More information

Tracking Densely Moving Markers

Tracking Densely Moving Markers Tracking Densely Moving Markers N. Alberto Borghese and Paolo Rigiroli b) Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Virtual Reality (MAVR), Department of Computer Science, University of Milano, Via Comelico

More information

Introduction to Robotics Analysis, Systems, Applications

Introduction to Robotics Analysis, Systems, Applications Introduction to Robotics Analysis, Systems, Applications Saeed B. Niku Mechanical Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo Technische Urw/carsMt Darmstadt FACHBEREfCH

More information

Universidad de Cantabria Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática. Tesis Doctoral

Universidad de Cantabria Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática. Tesis Doctoral Universidad de Cantabria Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática Tesis Doctoral CONTRIBUCIONES AL ALINEAMIENTO DE NUBES DE PUNTOS 3D PARA SU USO EN APLICACIONES DE CAPTURA

More information

Zimmer FuZion Instruments. Surgical Technique (Beta Version)

Zimmer FuZion Instruments. Surgical Technique (Beta Version) Zimmer FuZion Surgical Technique (Beta Version) INTRO Surgical Technique Introduction Surgical goals during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include establishment of normal leg alignment, secure implant fixation,

More information

New mechanisms for modelling the motion of the human ankle complex

New mechanisms for modelling the motion of the human ankle complex Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN Meccanica e Scienze Avanzate dell Ingegneria Prog.3 Meccanica Applicata Ciclo XXIV Settore Concorsuale di afferenza: 09/A2 Settore Scientifico

More information

Introduction to Computer Graphics

Introduction to Computer Graphics Introduction to Computer Graphics Torsten Möller TASC 8021 778-782-2215 torsten@sfu.ca www.cs.sfu.ca/~torsten Today What is computer graphics? Contents of this course Syllabus Overview of course topics

More information

ISSN 1340-8763 Vol.14, No.2 December 2003

ISSN 1340-8763 Vol.14, No.2 December 2003 ISSN 1340-8763 Vol.14, No.2 December 2003 mm m Continued on page Continued on page Continued on page Continued on page Extracorporeal Focused Ultrasound Lithotripsy Cavitation Control Lithotripsy Yoichiro

More information

Projection Center Calibration for a Co-located Projector Camera System

Projection Center Calibration for a Co-located Projector Camera System Projection Center Calibration for a Co-located Camera System Toshiyuki Amano Department of Computer and Communication Science Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University Sakaedani 930, Wakayama,

More information

Creation of an Unlimited Database of Virtual Bone. Validation and Exploitation for Orthopedic Devices

Creation of an Unlimited Database of Virtual Bone. Validation and Exploitation for Orthopedic Devices Creation of an Unlimited Database of Virtual Bone Population using Mesh Morphing: Validation and Exploitation for Orthopedic Devices Najah Hraiech 1, Christelle Boichon 1, Michel Rochette 1, 2 Thierry

More information

Pattern Characterization of Running and Cutting Maneuvers in Relation to Noncontact

Pattern Characterization of Running and Cutting Maneuvers in Relation to Noncontact Pattern Characterization of Running and Cutting Maneuvers in Relation to Noncontact ACL Injury Brenna Hearn During running and cutting maneuvers, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured

More information

The patellofemoral joint and the total knee replacement

The patellofemoral joint and the total knee replacement Applied and Computational Mechanics 1 (2007) The patellofemoral joint and the total knee replacement J. Pokorný a,, J. Křen a a Faculty of AppliedSciences, UWB inpilsen, Univerzitní 22, 306 14Plzeň, CzechRepublic

More information

Rehabilitation Guidelines for Patellar Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon Repair

Rehabilitation Guidelines for Patellar Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon Repair UW Health Sports Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Guidelines for Patellar Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon Repair The knee consists of four bones that form three joints. The femur is the large bone in the thigh

More information

11. Rotation Translational Motion: Rotational Motion:

11. Rotation Translational Motion: Rotational Motion: 11. Rotation Translational Motion: Motion of the center of mass of an object from one position to another. All the motion discussed so far belongs to this category, except uniform circular motion. Rotational

More information

Understanding Planes and Axes of Movement

Understanding Planes and Axes of Movement Understanding Planes and Axes of Movement Terminology When describing the relative positions of the body parts or relationship between those parts it is advisable to use the same standard terminology.

More information

Mechanics lecture 7 Moment of a force, torque, equilibrium of a body

Mechanics lecture 7 Moment of a force, torque, equilibrium of a body G.1 EE1.el3 (EEE1023): Electronics III Mechanics lecture 7 Moment of a force, torque, equilibrium of a body Dr Philip Jackson http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/teaching/courses/ee1.el3/ G.2 Moments, torque and

More information

THE MS KINECT USE FOR 3D MODELLING AND GAIT ANALYSIS IN THE MATLAB ENVIRONMENT

THE MS KINECT USE FOR 3D MODELLING AND GAIT ANALYSIS IN THE MATLAB ENVIRONMENT THE MS KINECT USE FOR 3D MODELLING AND GAIT ANALYSIS IN THE MATLAB ENVIRONMENT A. Procházka 1,O.Vyšata 1,2,M.Vališ 1,2, M. Yadollahi 1 1 Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Computing and Control

More information

Hip Bursitis/Tendinitis

Hip Bursitis/Tendinitis Hip Bursitis/Tendinitis Anatomy and Biomechanics The hip is a ball and socket joint that occurs between the head of the femur (ball) and the acetabulum of the pelvis (socket). It is protected by several

More information

Review epidemiology of knee pain. Discuss etiology and the biomechanics of knee pain utilizing current literature/evidence

Review epidemiology of knee pain. Discuss etiology and the biomechanics of knee pain utilizing current literature/evidence Jenny Kempf, MPT Review epidemiology of knee pain Discuss etiology and the biomechanics of knee pain utilizing current literature/evidence Review commonly seen knee injuries Discuss treatment strategies

More information

Patellofemoral/Chondromalacia Protocol

Patellofemoral/Chondromalacia Protocol Patellofemoral/Chondromalacia Protocol Anatomy and Biomechanics The knee is composed of two joints, the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral. The patellofemoral joint is made up of the patella (knee cap)

More information

KINEMATICS OF DROP PUNT KICKING IN AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL COMPARISON OF SKILLED AND LESS SKILLED KICKING

KINEMATICS OF DROP PUNT KICKING IN AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL COMPARISON OF SKILLED AND LESS SKILLED KICKING KINEMATICS OF DROP PUNT KICKING IN AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL COMPARISON OF SKILLED AND LESS SKILLED KICKING By SAM MILLAR A Master s Thesis Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of

More information

Movement Pa+ern Analysis and Training in Athletes 02/13/2016

Movement Pa+ern Analysis and Training in Athletes 02/13/2016 Objec:ves Movement Pa+ern Analysis and Training in Athletes Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences Appreciate the importance of movement pa+ern analysis and training in treahng athletes

More information

Image Segmentation and Registration

Image Segmentation and Registration Image Segmentation and Registration Dr. Christine Tanner (tanner@vision.ee.ethz.ch) Computer Vision Laboratory, ETH Zürich Dr. Verena Kaynig, Machine Learning Laboratory, ETH Zürich Outline Segmentation

More information

Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine

Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine Biomechanics of the Spine 6 degrees of freedom Extension & Flexion Translation Rotation Compression & Distraction The disc/annulus/all/pll complex is the major restraint

More information

Structure & Function of the Ankle and Foot. A complicated model of simplicity that you really think little about until you have a problem with one.

Structure & Function of the Ankle and Foot. A complicated model of simplicity that you really think little about until you have a problem with one. Structure & Function of the Ankle and Foot A complicated model of simplicity that you really think little about until you have a problem with one. The Foot and Ankle Terminology Plantar flexion Dorsi flexion

More information

Sports Injuries of the Foot and Ankle. Dr. Travis Kieckbusch August 7, 2014

Sports Injuries of the Foot and Ankle. Dr. Travis Kieckbusch August 7, 2014 Sports Injuries of the Foot and Ankle Dr. Travis Kieckbusch August 7, 2014 Foot and Ankle Injuries in Athletes Lateral ankle sprains Syndesmosis sprains high ankle sprain Achilles tendon injuries Lisfranc

More information

Automatic Labeling of Lane Markings for Autonomous Vehicles

Automatic Labeling of Lane Markings for Autonomous Vehicles Automatic Labeling of Lane Markings for Autonomous Vehicles Jeffrey Kiske Stanford University 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 jkiske@stanford.edu 1. Introduction As autonomous vehicles become more popular,

More information

for Image Scaling Enabling Digital Orthopaedics

for Image Scaling Enabling Digital Orthopaedics Calibration Devices, Use & Positioning for Image Scaling Enabling Digital Orthopaedics DIGITAL IMAGE SCALING As Radiology becomes filmless. Current planning practices used by surgeons with acetate sheets

More information