An enhanced communication scheme for 4DIAC
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1 An enhanced communication scheme for 4DIAC Georgios Sfiris, Researcher Georgios Hassapis, Supervisor Professor Laboratory of Computer System Architecture Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
2 An enhanced communication scheme for 4DIAC In this presentation two subjects will be dealt: The implementation of the protocol using IEC standard s Communication Function Blocks. An automated scheme for the insertion of PUBLISH and SUBSCRIBE Function Blocks for the FBDK UDP/IP protocol.
3 IEC Communication Framework protocol offers a Master/Slave communication scheme giving the advantage of deterministic operation and low bandwidth usage. But it is much more complex to implement than other simpler communication protocols, such as the UDP/IP protocol.
4 Protocol s # Slave # # #4 0 0 Each Slave has a data table in its memory containing data of four different data types.
5 Protocol Master Slave #1 Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 s # # # #4 0 Slave #3 s # # #3 255 #4 288 In each network only one Master can exist, but several Slaves can be connected.
6 Protocol Master Slave #1 Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 s # # # #4 0 Slave #3 s # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves
7 Protocol Slave #1 s # # # #4 0 0 Master Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 Slave #3 s # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves asking for some particular data
8 Protocol s Slave #1 # # # #4 0 0 Master Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 s Slave #3 # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves asking for some particular data and the Slaves will serve the request.
9 Protocol Slave #1 s # # # #4 0 0 Master Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 Slave #3 s # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves asking for some particular data and the Slaves will serve the request.
10 Protocol s Slave #1 # # # #4 0 0 Master Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 s Slave #3 # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves asking for some particular data and the Slaves will serve the request.
11 Protocol s Slave #1 # # # #4 0 0 Master Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 s Slave #3 # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves asking for some particular data and the Slaves will serve the request.
12 Protocol s Slave #1 # # # #4 0 0 Master O. K Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 s Slave #3 # # #3 255 #4 288 The Master will send requests to the Slaves asking for some particular data and the Slaves will serve the request.
13 Protocol Master Slave #1 Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 s # # # #4 0 0 Slave #3 s # # #3 255 #4 288 Slaves can only send messages to the network if they are asked by the Master.
14 Protocol s Slave #1 # # # #4 0 0 Master Client Servers Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 s Slave #3 # # #3 255 #4 288 Thus usually Masters are implemented as Clients making requests to Slaves implemented as Servers.
15 Protocol 25 s 48 READ Slave #1 # # WRITE # # Master 15 Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 s Slave #3 # # #3 255 #4 288 However the Master can only send a Read/Write request for Register data.
16 Protocol 0 s 1 # READ # # Slave #1 WRITE # Master Slave #2 s # # # #4 0 0 Slave #3 s # # #3 255 #4 288 However the Master can only send a Read/Write request for Register data.
17 Protocol in 4DIAC Trying to implement a Slave in IEC comes to the obvious solution of a single SERVER Function Block.
18 Protocol in 4DIAC But having a single SERVER FB means that all input and output of the device is done by that single SERVER FB.
19 Protocol in 4DIAC So we would like to add to that single SERVER FB all the inputs and outputs of our application.
20 Protocol in 4DIAC But then we would expect that device to receive only mixed Read/Write requests. This limits the data type to.
21 Protocol in 4DIAC s # # # # Moreover in such implementation the data table would be implemented inside the IEC Application s Function Block network as a special Function Block.
22 Protocol in 4DIAC messages would enter the Function Block network as parameters in some string format.
23 Protocol in 4DIAC And finally the Application would interpret the parameters and connect the MODBUS_SERVER with the MODBUS_DATA_TABLE using a complex Function Block network.
24 Protocol in 4DIAC Not to mention that another complex Function Block network would connect the MODBUS_DATA_TABLE back to the MODBUS_SERVER to take care of the MODBUS_SERVER responses.
25 Protocol in 4DIAC All these add to the complexity of the implementation. So trying to implement a Slave in IEC using a single SERVER Function Block is very cumbersome and limiting. Instead PUBLISH and SUBSCRIBE Function Blocks can be used.
26 Protocol in 4DIAC
27 Protocol in 4DIAC In such case the Slave is implemented as a Service inside the Device.
28 Protocol in 4DIAC The Service will set a listening port for incoming requests
29 Protocol in 4DIAC s Register s Register s # # # # The Service will set a listening port for incoming requests and allocate some memory for the data table.
30 Protocol in 4DIAC s Register s Register s # # # # PUBLISH Function Blocks will send requests to the Slave Service to change some variables in the data table.
31 Protocol in 4DIAC s Register s Register s # # # # SUBSCRIBE Function Blocks will listen to changes in the data table and will be informed by the Slave Service about such changes.
32 Protocol in 4DIAC s Register s Register s # # # # Many PUBLISH and SUBSCRIBE Function Blocks can be associated to a single Slave Service and function simultaneously.
33 Protocol in 4DIAC s Register s Register s # # # # On the other hand the Slave Service will serve requests from the Master independently of the IEC Application.
34 Protocol in 4DIAC The advantages of the PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE scheme are: A much simpler implementation within the IEC Application. Support of all data types. Devices capable of serving both read and write requests. Ability to have many CFBs to interact with the Slave Service from many points within a IEC Application. Separation of IEC Application s and network s access of the data table. Elimination of IEC Application s interfere with the communication.
35 Protocol in 4DIAC On the other hand an IEC Application implementing a Master must be aware of the Slaves responses either because they contain data or to have knowledge of the write request s progress. So CLIENT Communication Function Blocks would fit perfect for the Master implementation.
36 Protocol in 4DIAC But implementing the Master with a single CLIENT FB comes to the same deadlock as the implementation of the Slave with a single SERVER FB.
37 Protocol in 4DIAC Instead multiple CLIENT FBs interacting with a single Master Service can be used.
38 Protocol in 4DIAC So the Master is implemented as a Service inside the Device.
39 Protocol in 4DIAC The Service will open a port for sending requests
40 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 #2 #3 #4 The Service will open a port for sending requests and create a queue to store requests registered by CLIENT Function Blocks.
41 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 #3 #4 Each time a CLIENT Function Block receives a REQ event its request is appended to the Request queue of the Client Service.
42 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 #4 Each time a CLIENT Function Block receives a REQ event its request is appended to the Request queue of the Client Service.
43 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 Each time a CLIENT Function Block receives a REQ event its request is appended to the Request queue of the Client Service.
44 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 CLIENT_1 Each time a CLIENT Function Block receives a REQ event its request is appended to the Request queue of the Client Service.
45 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 CLIENT_1 The Master can send only one request at a time so it picks the top of the Request queue and serves it.
46 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 CLIENT_1 The top of the Request queue is picked.
47 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 CLIENT_1 The top of the Request queue is picked. The request is sent.
48 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 CLIENT_1 The top of the Request queue is picked. The request is sent. A response is received.
49 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_0 #2 CLIENT_3 #3 CLIENT_2 #4 CLIENT_1 The top of the Request queue is picked. The request is sent. A response is received. The corresponding CLIENT FB is informed.
50 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_3 #2 CLIENT_2 #3 CLIENT_1 #4 The top of the Request queue is picked. The request is sent. A response is received. The corresponding CLIENT FB is informed. The request is removed from the queue.
51 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_3 #2 CLIENT_2 #3 CLIENT_1 #4 The IEC Application must take care to avoid long delays or the endless increase of the queue by using either a freewheel cascading scheme
52 Protocol in 4DIAC Request queue #1 CLIENT_3 #2 CLIENT_2 #3 CLIENT_1 #4 The IEC Application must take care to avoid long delays or the endless increase of the queue by using either a freewheel cascading scheme or the most common cyclic polling scheme.
53 Protocol in 4DIAC The advantages of this multiple CLIENT scheme are: A more flexible implementation within the IEC Application. Support of all data types. Devices capable of sending both read and write requests. Ability to have many CFBs to send requests from many places within a IEC Application. Time management of the Master from within the IEC Application using a freewheel, cyclic polling or other schedule scheme.
54 Protocol in 4DIAC
55 Protocol in 4DIAC
56 Protocol in 4DIAC s # # # #
57 Protocol in 4DIAC s # # # #
58 Protocol in 4DIAC s # # # #
59 Protocol in 4DIAC s # # # #
60 Protocol in 4DIAC The application of the protocol with IEC Function Blocks in the proposed way: is straightforward. allows multiple interaction points within the IEC Application. allows full exploitation of the s Master/Slave scheme. hides the exact details of communication protecting the inexperienced user.
61 Protocol in 4DIAC The proposed method of implementation can be used in other Master/Slave communication protocols as well giving a universal solution to their IEC or 4DIAC s integration. The increased complexity however calls for an automation option in the usage of communication protocols within the IEC Applications, something rather suggested by the standard itself.
62 Automated Communication Scheme Assume that we want two Function Blocks from different devices to communicate with each other.
63 Automated Communication Scheme Comm. protocol: FBDK UDP/IP Properties Multicast IP: Port: 499 The IEC Application programmer should be able to just set some properties of the preferred communication protocol.
64 Automated Communication Scheme : :499 Comm. protocol: FBDK UDP/IP Properties Multicast IP: Port: 499 The development environment should offer an option to add and set the Communication Function Blocks automatically utilizing the programmers options.
65 Automated Communication Scheme To implement such feature for the FBDK UDP/IP protocol we would have to automatically add a pair of PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE FBs for every device interconnection.
66 Automated Communication Scheme
67 Automated Communication Scheme For each incoming data we trace back the related outcoming event
68 Automated Communication Scheme For each incoming data we trace back the related outcoming event and append the outcoming data to that event s list. PROCESS_1.EO
69 Automated Communication Scheme For each incoming data we trace back the related outcoming event and append the outcoming data to that event s list. PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT
70 Automated Communication Scheme For each incoming data we trace back the related outcoming event and append the outcoming data to that event s list. PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT
71 Automated Communication Scheme For each incoming data we trace back the related outcoming event and append the outcoming data to that event s list. PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT SUB.OUT
72 Automated Communication Scheme The event list corresponds to a point of device interconnection in the Function Block network. PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT SUB.OUT
73 Automated Communication Scheme PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT SUB.OUT We use this list to add a PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE pair.
74 Automated Communication Scheme PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT SUB.OUT We use this list to add a PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE pair.
75 Automated Communication Scheme PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT SUB.OUT We use this list to add a PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE pair.
76 Automated Communication Scheme PROCESS_1.EO ADD.OUT SUB.OUT Thus a single PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE pair handles all transferred data related to the same event.
77 Automated Communication Scheme Overcoming some peculiarities the insertion of PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE FBs can be automated for the FBDK UDP/IP protocol in a way that: allows all possible Function Block configurations guarantees data is received before related events merges all data transactions related to a single event to a single UDP transmission exploits the UDP advantage of having a single PUBLISH and multiple SUBSCRIBE FBs
78 Automated Communication Scheme However it is impossible for an IEC Application to exploit the multiple PUBLISH single SUBSCRIBE option of the UDP protocol in an automated manner.
79 Automated Communication Scheme This configuration is legitimate according to IEC standard and allows a single SUBSCRIBE FB to receive data from two different PUBLISH FBs.
80 Automated Communication Scheme However to allow such configuration to result automatically the original design wouldn t be a legitimate IEC configuration.
81 Automated Communication Scheme However to allow such configuration to result automatically the original design wouldn t be a legitimate IEC configuration.
82 Automated Communication Scheme 4DIAC s Integrated Development Environment gives a convenient way to support the proposed automated scheme. 4DIAC IDE provides two views of Function Block networks, one of the Application s network and one of each Device s network.
83 Automated Communication Scheme
84 Automated Communication Scheme Another view shows our system of devices. Here the user should be able to add a network segment and the properties of his preferred communication protocol.
85 Automated Communication Scheme Comm. protocol: FBDK UDP/IP Properties Multicast IP: Port: Another view shows our system of devices. Here the user should be able to add a network segment and the properties of his preferred communication protocol. e.g. FBDK UDP/IP.
86 Automated Communication Scheme Comm. protocol: FBDK UDP/IP Properties Multicast IP: Port: Another view shows our system of devices. Here the user should be able to add a network segment and the properties of his preferred communication protocol. e.g. FBDK UDP/IP. The CFBs would be added automatically to each device.
87 Automated Communication Scheme
88 Automated Communication Scheme
89 Automated Communication Scheme The proposed automated scheme for the FBDK UDP/IP protocol is fairly simple and poses few limitations. However this shouldn t be expected of other protocols that have a more complicated implementation. In particular an attempt to create such a scheme for the protocol would have to resolve the issue of having a single Master device to handle all communication between Slave devices.
90 Conclusions The resolution of the implementation of the protocol and the automated FBDK UDP/IP scheme comes to the conclusion that the IEC standard requires a new perspective to be acquired. Then more sophisticated solutions can arise to deal with the IEC implementation s particular problems.
91 Conclusions 4DIAC project on the other hand introduces a very efficient model for implementing, applying and using the IEC standard. Getting improved with each new feature it has the potential of becoming a powerful, easy to use tool for microcontroller programming.
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