Study on Chinese small town design theory and practice explore. Sun Ming 1, a

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1 Advanced Materials Research Online: ISSN: , Vols , pp doi: / Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Study on Chinese small town design theory and practice explore Sun Ming 1, a 1 School of civil engineering, Northeast Forestry University, China, Harbin, a @163.com Key words: small towns; urban design theory; design stage; control guideline Abstract: It is new important task that urban design theory leads into small town planning. However there are less practice cases in domestic field. Lack of small town planning is mainly as follows: weak of town unique characteristic, little urban space form design, lack of Building group design. So this paper introduces urban design in the town planning field, gradually put forward small town design principle, its type, its different design stage, and its main design content with Chinese characteristics. According to explore urban design, the paper presents results extends the method to divide town design: regional town design, the general town design & detailed town design. Furthermore the article advance the key problem of studying town design theory and have a case application of Hang Zhou city Long Gang downtown design. Introduction In 2012 Chinese town quantity has been more than 20000, In1978 the quantity only had 2173, the number of small towns is rapid expansion, and most urban population is less than Some small towns only reference city construction standard, small town identifiability is to weaken, such as absence of urban design in small towns planning, little urban space form design, these lead to appear rupture in small town planning. This situation, if continue to develop, will seriously affect China's urbanization process. [1] Therefore it needs to introduce the city design theory & method; this paper is based on this expansion. Related concept analysis The concept of small town. Small towns are the smallest city scale settlement. At present roughly there are four kinds of the definition of small towns: (1) the small town = small cities + town; (2) towns of small towns, the city category; (3) the small town = towns + large town, including the county town. The fourth kind of definition conforms to Chinese development trend; therefore, this article studies the towns and small town city design theory. There are different concepts about small towns in table 1. Table 1 Different concept of small towns Small towns Concept Morphology Angle Human geography Small city Towns Village urban settlement rural settlement Board sense Yes Yes Yes Dualistic Dualistic narrow sense No Yes No Dualistic Dualistic Paper No Yes Yes Dualistic Dualistic Small towns design Small towns design is consistent with urban design in essence. As a result of construction area is a bit small, the government's construction and management level is not high, and it is close to the natural, fresh air, inherent humanities, folk customs, local advantages, small All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications, (ID: , Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA-11/05/16,00:45:11)

2 Advanced Materials Research Vols towns have certain difference from big cities, so small towns design content can not copy of urban design, but the design should be concise, pay close attention to locality in the urban design. Table 1 Shows that the different town scales are essential. Table 1 Different scales of the towns design small towns design Urban design Design purpose Improve the space environment problem planning level corresponding three-dimensional design Design key How to reflect Unique local ecology and urban How to make supplement for urban space planning Planning power without design capability, the limited funds, Their own design capability, enough financing difference fund, good financing Design scale given priority to medium and micro design the corresponding urban planning level Small towns design type Small town design of development type Refers to the small towns have large blocks and architectural development and construction. From national urban system, perfect social and economic development and small town s intermediary function, and many other reasons influence, whether in the small towns in quantity and scale there have a great increase. Development of small towns becomes the main type of construction practice. This kind of small towns, with no historical town elements bound and restrictions, so in practice with a lot of freedom, suitable for all kinds of ideal urban space environment of exploration. Small town design of protection type This kind of small town usually has historical context and place significance. It emphasis on its physical environmental design and integrity. Traditional urban spatial pattern transfers historical information and people's memory. Traditional civilization left many historical town, set up many dazzling town image. These small towns, emerged from farming civilization with traditional environment view, geomantic & art view, makes the ideal living space mode. The special layout is a ritual arrangement, on the visual image it is attached to build landscape randomly. Old tree, ancestral temple, arches, bridges can be used as its symbol. Town design content Macro level; The image characteristics of whole area Regional town design phase Regional internal landscape features Medium level Town space organization research The general small towns design phase Strategical urban design Micro-levels With the crowd With the person Detailed town design phase Controlling urban design Constructive urban design Fig. 1 Small towns of urban design content framework The main stage of small town design Regional town design The main research include natural environment and humanistic landscape resources characteristics, overall image features of town domain development, comprehensive image effect and town landscape features, thus to determine town design task. Through the system of town domain town design, the research build small town organic operation model, from the background of the town, finds its unique soul and quality, form the reasonable town domain and town comprehensive environment. This phase of the small towns design is considering two contents: firstly, for the whole town domain, its task is to establish town domain integral town image characteristics; secondly, town domain must consider the town landscape features contact, town design has main role and position in the town domain image. This stage design wants fewer but better. So small towns design don't separate compilation, can be combined with town system planning synchronously. [2]

3 2384 Construction and Urban Planning The general town design. It decide to the overall situation of the development of small towns, and cooperate town overall planning, has the essential influence content for the town spatial organization, such as small towns development background, function, form, structure, energy, landscape, public environment facilities and its developing direction research. (1) To fixed space form pattern. According to the natural geographical environment and historical forming layout characteristics, and combined with land use of the general planning, this stage is to structure space system development form in whole towns, and draw up the main development axis and key node, set up all kinds of property form of space, that can be easy to identify and perception, rich characteristics, form a logic and rich individual character the whole space form system. (2) Road, pedestrian block system design. From the height of the quality of spatial environment,its design put forward space requirements of the road network, linear, nature, intersection and section, and space development principle of town Main Street. Traffic path organize space according to the road of scale, speed, to show landscape image of along the town way, and should make full use of natural landscape or artificial mark to provide direction identify. Walk block system match pedestrians walking event trajectory, activity characteristics, to meet people's activities demand [3]. Figure 2 shows small town design mode of pedestrian area. Business Business Business Goods Goods Goods Fig.2 Small towns urban design mode of pedestrian area Detailed town design. It mainly is to deepen town design of the overall planning stage, design with people, from the static and dynamic aspects, make specific arrangements to space environment from all kinds of the visual requirements activities. This one phase design object is town local space, and is closer to the life. To walk as subject, namely the design of this stage concern human production, life, communication, recreation and other activities in the ground. (1) Building group form design is to research form relationship of every block, and building mutual function orientation and group space combination, distinguish primary and secondary, establish contact, make building group form organic harmonious, rich characteristics of small town construction group image. It provides a basis on architectural modeling for determining the building mass, height. At this stage, building flat, stand, cutting design, are main research building overall form means.(2) the road traffic facility design is to put forward the design requirements from small towns space environment and landscape quality,is to coordinate the relationship among the road landscape design, road traffic facilities, construction group, public space and etc. Pedestrian street and life road focus on the scale of space shape, increase the pedestrian range of activities, and at the same time, strengthen the characteristics of activities. Hang Zhou city Long Gang downtown design Reading situation. (1) location condition: this plot is located in the geometric center of the strip town, has not yet been large-scale development after years of control. The entire site is hexagon, its northwest close to Long gang road; North close to Tai An way; Northeast close to Renmin road adjacent; Base covers an area of about 37.6 hectares., surrounding area has been finished the basic development. (2) Base analysis: surrounding roads and basic infrastructure of the site have been built, Surrounding development and construction include a kindergarten, primary school, residential buildings, and so on, these buildings make whole base closed form, and there are only four entrances in the base, it will bring difficulty for the next traffic organization.

4 Advanced Materials Research Vols Planning structure & design layout. Base situation road have not been absolutely closed. In order to open public space as far as possible and integrate public activity system of Bay He river, guide the stream of people into the central area and show features of the new central business district, planning establish the longitudinal axis get through base from northeast to southwest, organization commercial, residential, square, green space and other facilities around the axis. Figure 3 shows that overall planning layout include structure of commercial center + landscape axis + seven residential neighborhood. Fig.3.a. Site design Fig.3.b. Planning layout Fig.3.c Town design Fig.3 Site analyses & town design The block development control and design guide. The control plan is consist of the control line, control index, associated facilities and texts. Control line include block boundary (land red line), multi-storey building back line, high-rise building back line, prohibited motor vehicle access line, and the boundary point coordinates and curve radius used for positioning line, etc. Control index include land area, plot ratio, building density, greening rate, building height restriction, allocation standard of motor vehicle parking space, etc. Summary It is the necessity of social & economic development to introduce urban design in small towns planning. Therefore, the paper present small town s urban design theory and method framework and case study. And explore a suitable town design path with characteristic of China. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by science & technology research project of Heilongjiang provincial educational department. ( ). References [1] Wang Shi Lan, You Hong Tao. Urban design of small towns. Beijing: China building industry press(2004). [2] Wang Jian Guo. Urban design. Nanjing: Southeast University press (1999). [3] Sun Ming. Research on small towns conformity and ecological development in cold forest zone. Shenyang construction university journal (social science edition) Vol.04 (2007), p [4] Xia Jian, Gong Kai. Small town downtown design. Nanjing: southeast university press (2001) [5] Sun Ming, Liu Yan, Qin Xin. Urban design OF Chinese small towns - In hang Zhou city Long gang central area as an example. Small town construction Vol.5 (2008), p.23-27

5 Construction and Urban Planning / Study on Chinese Small Town Design Theory and Practice Explore /