2014 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. [PROTECTED] All rights reserved. IPv6 SECURITY CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS AVIV ABRAMOVICH
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1 1 IPv6 SECURITY CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS AVIV ABRAMOVICH
2 2 IPv6 Security Challenges
3 3 Main IPv6 security challenges IPv6 as a Covert Channel for Malware Vulnerabilities in IPv6 Mechanisms Transition and Tunneling Mechanisms
4 4 IPv6 as Covert Channel for Malware IPv6 Enabled by Default Most host Operating systems enable IPv6 by default It s easy to create IPv6 / IPv4 tunnels to carry traffic outside of an enterprise Windows Vista/7 can do this automatically IPv6 Running Now Set up by users who want to try IPv6 Could be used as covert channel by botnets and malware You can t stop what you can t see
5 Vulnerabilities in IPv6 Mechanisms IPv6 Header Next Header = TCP TCP Header + Data IPv6 Header Next Header = Routing Header Next Header = TCP Header + Data Routing TCP IPv6 Header Next Header = Routing Routing Header Next Header = Fragment Fragment Header Next Header = TCP Fragment of TCP Header + Data 2014 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. [PROTECTED] All rights reserved. 5
6 6 Examples CVE The ip6_route_add function in net/ipv6/route.c in the Linux kernel through does not properly count the addition of routes, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a flood of ICMPv6 Router Advertisement packets. CVE (MS14-006) The IPv6 implementation in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly validate packets, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system hang) via crafted ICMPv6 Router Advertisement packets, aka "TCP/IP Version 6 (IPv6) Denial of Service Vulnerability. Security must provide specific defense against attacks on these vulnerabilities
7 7 Transition & Tunneling Mechanisms IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel RFC4213 IPv4 IPv6 TCP Header + Data IPv4 in IPv6 Tunnel RFC2473 IPv6 IPv4 TCP Header + Data Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through NAT RFC4380 IPv4 UDP IPv6 TCP Header + Data
8 8 IPv6 Security Solutions
9 9 IPv6 Deployment Scenarios IPV4 to IPv4 connection IPv6 to IPv6 connection IPV6 to IPv4 connection IPV6 to IPv6 connection (over IPv4)
10 10 IPv6 Deployment Recommendations Create IPv6 Security Policy that Parallels IPv4 Security Policy Protect Against Rogue Router Advertisements and DHCPv6 Servers Set Up Default Firewall Rules that Block Undesired Tunnels
11 11 IPv6 Security Policy Parallel IPv4 Policy All objects should have IPv6 information Basic rules should be implemented for IPv4 and IPv6 Specific rules for IPv6 where necessary Verify Rules are implemented in extensions headers Rules are implemented in tunneled traffic
12 Rogue Router Advertisements and DHCPv6 Servers 2014 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. [PROTECTED] All rights reserved. 12 Rogue RA & DHCPv6 Easy to turn host into Router via Connection Sharing Unauthorized Access Points & Routers (plugged in backwards) Similar problems with DHCPv4 Solutions Identify host and port using IPS Disable port at L2 switch (or physically)
13 Default Rules to Block Undesired Tunnels 2014 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. [PROTECTED] All rights reserved. 13 Block Tunnels by Default Turn off host based tunnels by default Only authorized tunnels should be allowed Configured and Automatic tunnels Examples Block IPv6 in IPv4 from any SRC to any DST Allow IPv6 in IPv4 from <Router A> to <Tunnel Broker B> Block IPv4 in IPv6 from any SRC to any DST Block IPv6 over IPv4 from any SRC to any DST
14 14 Check Point IPv6 Commitment Introducing IPv6 (R65) IPv6 SW blades security (R76) November 2010 April 2012 January 2008 February 2013 IPv6 Firewall security (R70) Gaia IPv6 (R75.40) Continuous IPv6 evolution adapted to the industry needs
15 15 Objects IPv4 address IPv6 address Security Dynamic routing OS High Availability Acceleration Mgmt. logging, alerting Virtual Systems Authenticate IPv6 Ready
16 16 What s Next
17 Still some gaps ( IPv6 Basic specification [RFC2460] (FW, IPS, APFW) IPv6 Addressing Architecture [RFC4291] (FW, IPS, APFW) Default Address Selection [RFC3484] (FW, IPS, APFW) ICMPv6 [RFC4443] (FW, IPS, APFW) SLAAC [RFC4862] (FW, IPS) Deprecation of Type 0 Routing Headers in IPv6 [RFC5095] Inspecting IPv6-in-IPv4 protocol-41 traffic, which is specified in: Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers [RFC4213] (IPS) Router-Alert option [RFC2711] (FW, IPS) Path MTU Discovery [RFC1981] (FW, IPS, APFW) Neighbor Discovery [RFC4861] (FW, IPS, APFW) If the request is for the BGP4 protocol, the equipment must comply with RFC4271, RFC1772, RFC4760 and RFC2545 (FW, IPS, APFW) If the request is for a dynamic internal gateway protocol (IGP), then the required RIPng [RFC2080], OSPF-v3 [RFC5340] or IS-IS [RFC5308] must be supported. The contracting authority shall specify the required protocol. (FW, IPS, APFW) If OSPF-v3 is requested, the device must support "Authentication/Confidentiality for OSPFv3" [RFC4552] (FW, IPS, APFW) Support for QoS [RFC2474, RFC3140] (FW, APFW) If tunneling is required, the device must support Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers [RFC4213] (FW) 2014 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. 17
18 18 THANK YOU
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