Junior Framework. STAGE 3 ASB Mini Football (9-12 years) INTRODUCTION TO COACHING

Transcription

1 Junior Framework STAGE 3 ASB Mini Football (9-12 years) INTRODUCTION TO COACHING 1

2 Part 6f ASB Mini Football (9-12 years) Introduction to Coaching INTRODUCTION How to be an Effective Coach The Mini Football player is much more capable of developing a basic understanding of the game as well as acquiring a broader range of technical skills. The Mini Football coach is therefore required to have a good understanding of the increased capability at this stage across all four corners of their development and needs the appropriate coaching tools required to challenge and extend the Mini Football player in these areas. Four Corner Overview - Where is the focus Technical / Tactical All sessions must ensure the central focus is on technical development - high skill levels with both feet and other parts of the body in order to enjoy success. Games and activities should begin to involve tactics related to the game, and start to develop basic individual roles within a team in different areas of the pitch. Sessions need to develop player understanding of In Possession and Out of Possession work, and Transition. All games and activities should continue to allow players to develop new skills and use them in game related activities. Physical Players at this age need high energy games with lots of activity. All activities should include an aspect of physical competitiveness or contact - players need to become comfortable with increased physicality. Speed, agility and stability should be key components as players now face physical challenges both in and out of possession. Coaches need to take into account players who may be experiencing comparatively rapid physiological change which influences football development. Social / Emotional Games and activities need to encourage players to be aware of the value of others. Coaches need to foster positive peer interaction and communication, trust among team mates and the ability of individuals to take ownership of problems. At all times coaches need to be fair to all players and convey a strong sense of justice and equality. Mental Players need the challenge of both individual and collective problem solving, and need to have ownership of this process. Coaching should include effective questions and challenges that will promote player creativity and self-initiative Coaches need to create positive environments as players at this age can be highly self critical, and sensitive to criticism from both peers and adults. Activities and games need to include high levels of positive individual competitiveness where appropriate Coaching needs to include lots of positive, encouraging communication. Mini Football coaches must be aware of these characteristics and coach accordingly. This means not only focusing on the development of individual technical and tactical ability through the use of games and activities, but also communicating effectively with the players. This is essential in ensuring that Mini Football players learn while having fun. For the first time in junior football, game day coaching, and the coaching skills required for this become important. The games and activities used in the Junior Framework not only cover the four specific components that make up a Mini Football practice session, but also allow coaches to focus more on the game day requirements of the team. 2 Junior Framework - Mini Football Introduction to Coaching

3 The Four Key Components The percentage of time spent on each component reflects the age-related requirements of the Mini Footballer. Focus for Training - where we spend most of our training time GENERAL MOVEMENT Is more specific to football development rather than general development Coordination/agility, strength and speed should be the focus Coordination and speed training can be delivered in games and activities and should be fun, stimulating and age appropriate Simple movements that strengthen and stabilise joints and tendons should be used to prevent injury 10% FOOTBALL COORDINATION Ball familiarization, using different parts of the foot or body, is used in more game specific activities 10% The focus should be on combining movements while controlling the ball Activities should focus on preparing players for technical and tactical training Activities should also focus on using competition to challenge players to execute movement while under pressure. FOOTBALL TECHNIQUE 40% 40% SMALL SIDED GAMES Activities should focus on the transition from playing to training SSG s should involve 3v3 through to 9v9 Fun should still be the most significant motivating factor for the players, but the learning of fundamental technique in an organized manner should now be a focus Organisation of the activities should always be game related The core techniques are: dribbling, shooting, faking and turning, passing (short and long), receiving/controlling the ball and heading. Activities should involve lots of repetitions of all the associated techniques through highly motivational progressions. Rules should be modified to encourage technical development and problem solving by players e.g multiple goals or limited touches to challenge decision making Progressive introduction of tactical problems should be guided by player development SSG s should develop a player understanding of a) In Possession b) Out of Possession and c) Transition 3

4 Part 6f ASB Mini Football (9-12 years) Introduction to Coaching GAME DAY Football Themes: In Possession and Out of Possession A good way for Mini Football coaches to become more effective on game day is to consider the following 3 parts of the game: 1 In Possession (we have the ball) 2 Transition (the moment when possession has just been lost by one team or the other) 3 Out of Possession (they have the ball) Teams that work in a coordinated manner become more capable of using these three parts of the game to their advantage. Understanding the three parts of the game can help identify technical and tactical areas that individual players need to focus on. This will help when planning and progressing training sessions. In Possession Transition Out of Possession Mini Football (9-10 Years) Dribbling and passing are the key techniques for individual players Shooting is an extension of passing The team should look to spread out to create space to play Mini Football (9-10 & 11-12) At the moment that a team gains possession players can create space to play by spreading out end to end and side to side. The nearest player to the ball should try to win the ball back Other players should aim to stop the opposition from receiving any forward passes Mini Football (10-12 Years) Dribbling, passing forward, crossing the ball and shooting are the key individual techniques. Players should be in positions to receive the ball from behind the ball, beside the ball or in front of the ball If a player does not have the ball and it can be passed directly to them, they can support by being in position to move the ball forward Pass the ball forward quickly to counter attack but avoid risking possession as much as possible At the moment a team concedes possession of the ball deny space by recovering and being compact behind the ball. Ensure at least one player puts pressure on the opposition player with the ball as early as possible. Players defend by putting pressure on the player with the ball and stopping them from playing forward. Defending players can help their team mates by supporting them to stop the opposition playing the ball forward. The angle and distance of support is important. If players are a long way from the ball they need to cover or mark other opposition players to prevent them from receiving the ball. 4 Junior Framework - Mini Football Introduction to Coaching

5 Game Day Coaching Success for a Mini Football coach should be based on individual and team development, in both technique and in the foundations of basic tactical understanding. Game day therefore becomes more important to the development of a player at this stage, and should not be driven by an over-emphasis on winning. Long-term player development should always be at the forefront of the game day experience. Coaches should encourage their players to explore and try new things on game day. The game day should be viewed as an extension of their practice sessions where they aim to apply their learning to the game. Game Day Tips and Hints Develop the basics of effective team play in 7v7 and 9v9 formats 1 Introduce simple playing formations and playing positions. 2 Avoid overburdening children with tactical information on attacking and defending. 3 Keep information simple enough to allow players to recognise how to play more effectively as part of a team. Introduction to basic playing positions 1 Game day should allow the players to experience playing in all positions on the pitch, even the goalkeeper. 2 Players who show a talent for attacking should spend more time in these positions but should be given the chance to play in other positions. 3 Provide players with bite-sized chunks of information, allowing them to figure out as much as they can for themselves during the game. Let the game be the teacher! Playing structures 1 Introducing playing structures may be one way of increasing their individual success and personal enjoyment of football. 2 Playing structures should be as flexible as possible. Players should not be burdened by complicated approaches that affect their enjoyment of the game. Assess the readiness of your players and then plan playing structures that meet their needs. 5

6 Part 6f ASB Mini Football (9-12 years) Introduction to Coaching COMMUNICATION Benefits Playing Structures can have... Greater understanding of the game More enjoyment (joy of learning, how to work more cooperatively) Experiencing different positions Reducing the bunching Helping players to pass more Enhanced levels of cooperation and teamwork Risks Associated with Playing Structures Information overload from coaches too much too soon Formation detracts from their enjoyment It becomes coach centred about the coaches enjoyment and not the players enjoyment Complicated and confusing formation Negative or overly defensive formation and tactics Being an Effective Mini Football Coach The mental and social attributes of the Mini Football player mean the player should be the focus of any game or activity, rather than the coach. Across all four components of the session, the key is to always let the players play and learn throughout any activity. Any time the session is interrupted to coach, the information must be meaningful to the players and improve performance. THE MINI FOOTBALL COACH... THE PLAYERS BENEFIT BECAUSE Views each player as an individual The individual learning styles of each player are recognised Makes sure that each player is able to experience football fully, use their full technical range and have fun Players are more likely to have fun and feel successful Provides a risk free environment where every player is fully involved in every activity Players have the chance to make mistakes, learn from them and keep going Learns about the players, takes a personal interest and gets to know each one of them Players are able to touch the ball as many times as possible during a session To ensure players are the focus of any activity, the Mini Football coach needs to observe, listen and question effectively. Avoid simply telling or ordering players what to do, instead encourage them to find the answers themselves. Be patient and ask questions that will help them think about or try new ways of solving a problem. In particular, the coach who asks players questions will find out more about their wants and needs throughout a session, and can then make decisions about how the training session should progress. Effective listening and questioning will help here. 6 Junior Framework - Mini Football Introduction to Coaching

7 Effective Listening will... Effective Questioning will... Show that the coach has an understanding of what the players mean Gain understanding & trust as players will feel valued Fulfil Needs - Listening gives you a clearer understanding of the needs of the players Help you identify the true meaning of what is being said by the players Help players accept greater personal responsibility Establish whether players understand what they are doing Help players to use their own ideas during the activity or game Encourage players to notice when important things happen Focus player attention to key areas of their own and the opposition s game. 7

8 Part 6f ASB Mini Football (9-12 years) Introduction to Coaching TRAINING What do the practice sessions include? Player needs at this age are now strongly linked to succeeding on game day, so ensure the activities and games used reflect this. Remember though, to use positive re-enforcement and avoid focusing on the negative and criticising players. Motivate players with praise-related feedback for demonstrating effort, good technique, effective team play, etc. Make sure the activities and games are still always fun! To help ensure that the games and activities are well suited to the players, make sure you remain close to the session. Watch how players react to the tasks. If tasks are too hard or too easy, be prepared to adjust or change something: 1 Change the size of target/goals 2 Change the part of the foot used to control the ball 3 Increase or decrease the number of touches 4 Change the area size to make it smaller or bigger 5 Change the rules Hints and Tips for the Coach Ball familiarization remains the key to football technique, but Mini Footballers also need to begin making decisions about selection of the most appropriate technique to use within a team context. A good coach should adopt a hands-off approach and ultimately allow the activity itself to become the teacher. Coaches can use simple prompts in almost any Football Coordination or Football Technique activity to help players develop confidence in controlling the ball with almost any part of the body. Let players be inventive about developing or recruiting new techniques, and discovering the numerous ways of moving and stopping the ball with all parts of their foot and body. Here are some hints and tips that will help you give your players the most enjoyable learning experience possible: During any game or activity you can effectively coach by simply prompting players to... Alter speed/direction: Speed may increase or decrease the number of touches used. Players can change direction after a certain amount of time i.e. after two touches change direction. Use different parts of the foot or body: Inside of foot, heel of foot, sole of foot etc Change the size of the playing area to make it harder or easier to keep close control of the ball (larger or smaller) Alternate between left or right feet. Combine different parts of the body when controlling the ball e.g. inside of foot followed by outside of foot Create interaction by using partners and groups i.e. for passing the ball. Add goals to encourage successful execution of passing or shooting. You can also help the players improve their technique by... Maintaining good Tempo: Keep the children moving and motivated Keeping tasks to a short duration and changing them frequently e.g select a new part of the foot to use Progressing the activity by following the players lead i.e. using creative examples of work taken from players and adding to it Ensuring players have a ball each (do they need to bring their own?) 8 Junior Framework - Mini Football Introduction to Coaching

9 Planning the Training Session General Movement and Football Coordination can be used as a warm-up, to develop individual technique and introduce themes that will be progressed throughout the training. Football Technique and Small Sided Game activities can then be used to allow the players to develop the technical and tactical skills required to overcome challenges in the game. Training Tips and Hints 1 Plan how you will use the activities and games outlined in the Junior Framework aim to progress your session by using a theme related to game day. 2 Each training component should follow on from the previous activity to develop the theme you have chosen. 3 Plan how you will progress the session to meet your players needs challenge them! 4 Quickly introduce and review session content at the beginning and the end of practices. 5 Be flexible with progressions from one training component to another. 6 Give players the time they need to learn the key technical and tactical requirements. 7 Ensure the technical & tactical requirements of the session are matched to your players abilities & are meaningful to them. 8 Set realistic but high expectations and keep players on task. 9 Set a fun and challenging homework task for the players. 10 Provide players with an opportunity to demonstrate anything they have been practicing at home. 11 Use drink breaks to help transitions between activities and games. Small Sided Games The key principle for Mini Football coaches during the small-sided game component of training is Let The Game Be The Teacher. The role of the coach is to: 1 Set up and manage the game. 2 Ensure that it s safe and appropriate to the age and ability of the players this may mean modifying the rules or restrictions on the players in order to challenge them. 3 Move the game onto its progression or to another game when appropriate. 4 Ensure that it is fun for all players. During the game remember to: 1 Encourage players to try and practise new skills they have learnt. 2 Let them play don t keep stepping in to correct mistakes. 3 Allow players to make mistakes and help them to learn from them. 4 Be encouraging not critical. Finally, help the players improve by: 1 Letting them play for a set period. 2 Helping them reflect on their play. At the end of this period, ask what they could change. 3 Starting the game again or progressing the game. 4 Progressing the game to make the session harder or easier, to meet the needs of the players. The Small Sided Games component of the training session enables players to experience the many match situations found in 7v7 or 9v9 football. The smaller numbers at training guarantee repetition of opportunities to problem-solve and learn, as well as maximising participation for all players. Training sessions should therefore provide you with the opportunity to modify and progress activities, to help players solve problems that they encounter on Game Day. Editorial staff: John Herdman, Bev Priestman, Johan Koutstaal, Simon Eaddy, Tony Readings, Cesar Meylan, Michael Rumpf, Peter Ohara, Aaron McFarland, Michael De Bono. Imagery supplied by Photosport. Printed March Design by Sidekick Creative Ltd. New Zealand Football. 9

10 The Whole of Football Plan would not be possible without the support of the following organisations: Commercial Partners Community Partners Member Federations