INFECTION CONTROL AND PPE

Transcription

1 INFECTION CONTROL AND PPE

2 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the completion of this presentation the participant will be able to explain and demonstrate: Infection prevention, control principles and standard precautions Hand hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements How to safely clean up a biological spill How to prevent the transmission of infection At the end of the presentation you will be required to complete a Quiz

3 INFECTION CONTROL PRINCIPLES What is the goal of infection prevention and control? To create a safe health care environment To have well established, good work practices that minimise the risk of transmission of infectious agents To prevent the transmission of infectious agents to our patients and ourselves We should adopt the philosophy that all body fluids from ANY person may be infectious

4 CHAIN OF INFECTION Infection requires three main elements: a source of the infectious agent, a mode of transmission, a susceptible host This is known as the chain of infection. The chain of infection describes the ways in which pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted from person to person. Interruption of this cycle is a strategy used to limit the spread of infection. By using infection control measures the cycle can be broken. Cruickshank M & Ferguson J (eds) (2008) Reducing Harm to patients from Health care Associated Infection: The Role of Surveillance. Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care. p3.

5 PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF INFECTION The spread of infection can be limited through the use of standard precautions. These include: Routine hand hygiene Wearing of gloves Using personal protective equipment (PPE) Wearing of aprons/gowns Safe handling of sharps Safe disposal of sharps

6 PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF INFECTION Cleaning of environmental surfaces Cleaning of shared diagnostic equipment between patients Reprocessing (cleaning, disinfection/ sterilization) of re-usable medical devices Single-use devices used once and then disposed Surface barriers (as applicable) Spills of blood or other potentially infectious materials - management by containment, cleaning, decontamination and disposal

7 AIM OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS To minimise exposure to: Blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions with the exception of sweat. We must assume that all body fluids from ANY person may be infectious. Precautions must be used for every patient Appropriate PPE must be worn when carrying out procedures that have the potential to expose us to blood or body fluids.

8 HAND HYGIENE Hand hygiene is a general term referring to any action of hand cleansing. It is the single most important strategy in preventing health care associated infections as it breaks the cycle of infection.

9 HAND HYGIENE Hand hygiene must be performed before and after every episode of patient contact The five moments of hand hygiene are: 1. Before touching a patient 2. Before a procedure 3. After a patient contact 4. After touching a patient s surroundings 5. After the removal of gloves

10 HAND HYGIENE Source: Grayson et al (2009)

11 ASSESSING THE NEED FOR PPE Gloves: When you may be exposed to potentially infectious secretions or materials. Gowns: When your uniform/cloths may get exposed to potentially infectious secretions. Face mask: When splashing or aerosolised material may occur and potentially contaminate your mouth or nose. Face shield or eye goggles: When splashing may occur and potentially contaminate your eyes.

12 SUMMARY OF PPE REQUIREMENTS

13 PPE - GOWNS Aprons or gowns should be worn when: Close contact with the patient, materials or equipment may lead to contamination of skin, uniforms or other clothing with infectious agents There is an increased risk of contamination with blood or body fluids Source: (Garner 1996; Pratt et al 2001;Clark et al 2002; Pratt et al 2007)

14 PPE GOWN APPLICATION PUTTING A GOWN ON 1. Picks up gown by shoulders allows to fall open without touching any contaminated surface. 2. Slips arms into the sleeves 3. Fastens ties at the neck. TAKING A GOWN OFF 1. Undo ties 2. Slips arms out the sleeve

15 PPE MASK APPLICATION Face Mask Identify the top edge of the mask by locating the thin metal strip that goes over the bridge of the nose. 1. Pick up the mask with the top ties or ear loops. 2. Place metal strip over bridge of nose and tie upper ties or slips loops over ears. 3. Place lower edge of mask below chin and tie lower ties. 4. Press metal strip so it conforms to the bridge of the nose. Face Shield 1. Don face shield by placing shield over eyes, adjusting metal strip over bridge of nose, and tucking the lower edge below the chin. Straps are secured behind the head.

16 Gloves must be worn: For all invasive procedure PPE - GLOVES When dealing with non-intact skin or mucous membranes When in contact with sterile sites For any activity that has been assessed as carrying a risk of exposure to blood, body substances, secretions and excretions Handling chemicals Gloves must be changed between each patient and after every episode of individual patient care Gloves are a single-use item Hand Hygiene must be preformed after the removal of gloves. Gloves are not a substitute for hand hygiene

17 APPLYING PPE SEQUENCE Apply gown if needed (All ties should be properly secured with a simple bow) Perform hand hygiene Apply mask if needed Apply Safety Goggles/ glasses if needed Apply gloves, bring the cuff of the glove cuff over the gown cuffs.

18 REMOVING PPE SEQUENCE Gloves Safety glasses/safety shield Gown Mask Removing Gloves Grip the outside of a glove with opposite gloved hand and pull off Hold removed glove in gloved hand Slide fingers of un-gloved hand under remaining gloves at the wrist Peel glove off over first glove Discard gloves into contaminated waste bin

19 REMOVING PPE SEQUENCE Removing Gowns Unfasten ties Pull away from neck and shoulders, touching inside of gown only Turn gown inside out Fold or roll gown into a bundle ready for disposal

20 REMOVING PPE SEQUENCE Removing Mask Grab bottom then top ties or elastics and remove Discard into waste

21 SPILL DECONTAMINATION Spills of blood or other potentially infectious materials should be promptly cleaned as follows: wear gloves and other PPE appropriate to the task; confine and contain spill, clean visible matter with disposable absorbent material (spill kit) and discard the used cleaning materials in the appropriate waste container; clean the spill area with a cloth or paper towels using detergent solution. Wet paper towel with detergent/bleach and lay over the spill to avoid generating aerosols Use of chemical disinfectants as per your local procedure should be based on assessment of risk of transmission of infectious agents from that spill.

22 CLEANING SMALL SPILLS When cleaning small spills up to 10 cm diameter: Put on gloves Wipe up spill immediately with absorbent material Place contaminated absorbent material into biohazard waste bin for disposal Clean the area with detergent solution, using disposable cloth or sponge (discard into biohazard bin) Wipe the area with chemical disinfectants as per your local procedure and allow to dry Perform hand hygiene

23 CLEANING LARGE SPILLS When cleaning spills greater than 10cm diameter: Put on gloves and goggles Cover area of the spill with the contents of a spill kit and allow to absorb Use disposable scraper and pan to scoop up absorbent material and any unabsorbed blood or body substances Place all contaminated items into impervious container or plastic bag for disposal Discard contaminated materials into biohazard waste bin Mop the area with detergent solution Wipe the area with chemical disinfectants as per your local procedure and allow to dry Perform hand hygiene Complete incident form

24 THANKYOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION This is the end of the presentation, please complete assessment quiz on Primary Learning Hub. If you are uncertain of any of the presented material or would like further information please contact your State WHS Manager