1. Define hazardous material, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, and elevated temperature material.

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1 Outline - Hazmat - Hazard Classification 1. Define hazardous material, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, and elevated temperature material. 1 Content:What is a hazardous material? A "hazardous material" according to the HMR is defined as: A substance or material, which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. This includes: Hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, and elevated temperature materials as defined in Section 171.8; Materials designated as hazardous under the provisions of Section ; and Materials that meet the defining criteria for hazard classes and divisions in Part 173. What is a hazardous substance? A "hazardous substance" is a material, including its mixtures and solutions, that: **Is listed in Appendix A to the Hazardous Materials Table, and **Is in a quantity, in one package, which equals or exceeds the reportable quantity (RQ) listed in Appendix A, and **For radionuclides, conforms to Paragraph 7 of Appendix A. **For other than radionuclides, is in a concentration by weight which equals or exceeds the concentration of the material - as shown in the table in the Hazardous substance nonradionuclides handout. What is a hazardous waste? A "hazardous waste" is any material that is subject to the hazardous waste manifest requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as specified in 40 CFR Part 262. What is a marine pollutant? A "marine pollutant" is any material that is listed in Appendix B to the Hazardous Materials Table, and when in a solution or mixture of one or more marine pollutants, is packaged in a concentration which equals or exceeds: **Ten percent by weight of the solution or mixture, for materials listed in Appendix B, or **One percent by weight of the solution or mixture, for materials identified as severe marine pollutants (PP) in Appendix B.

2 What is an elevated temperature material? An "elevated temperature material" is a material which, when offered for transportation or transported in a bulk packaging: **Is in a liquid phase and at a temperature at or above 100 C (212 F), **Is in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8 C (100 F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point, or **Is in a solid phase and at a temperature at or above 240 C (464 F). Notes:The definition for a hazardous material seems rather complex - especially since terms (such as hazardous substance or marine pollutant) also have to be defined. You are probably wondering at this point how hazardous substances, marine pollutants, hazardous waste, and elevated temperature materials fit in. These types of materials may be hazardous materials if they meet specific guidelines, such as quantity, concentration, composition, or temperature according to their definitions in Section A material that meets the definition of a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated temperature material is also a hazardous material. Sometimes, the HMR will specifically state that an exception to a particular requirement is permitted unless the material is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated temperature material. It is important to understand the definitions so you will be able to determine if a particular statement in the regulations applies to your commodity and your situation. Exercise 1 - Identifying a hazardous material was designed for practice in this determination. Exercises: 2. Discuss how the hazard class is used to describe a hazardous material. Content:The HMR groups all hazardous materials into one of nine hazard classes. These include: **Class 1 - Explosives **Class 2 - Gases **Class 3 - Flammable or Combustible liquid **Class 4 - Flammable Solid **Class 5 - Oxidizer or Organic peroxide **Class 6 - Poison **Class 7 - Radioactive **Class 8 - Corrosive **Class 9 - Miscellaneous Some hazard classes are further subdivided into categories called divisions. The division is used to group like materials within a class and may denote the "degree of danger" the materials represent relative to other divisions of materials within the class. The Class number precedes the decimal, and the Division number follows the decimal. Example: Class 2 has three divisions. They include: 2.1 (Flammable gas), 2.2 (Non- 2

3 flammable gas), and 2.3 (Poison gas). Each division denotes a category of materials with a similar hazard characteristic. Example: Class 1 has six divisions: 1.1 (Explosives with a mass explosion hazard); 1.2 (Explosives with a projection hazard); 1.3 (Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard); 1.4 (Explosives with no significant blast hazard); 1.5 (Very insensitive explosives; blasting agents); 1.6 (Extremely insensitive detonating substances). Materials are grouped in Class 1 by possession of a similar hazard characteristic. In Class 1, however, the division also indicates the severity of the hazard. Division 1.1 materials are the most dangerous in this class, and Division 1.6 materials are the least dangerous in the class. The hazard of a hazardous material is indicated either by: *Class or Division number; *Class name; or *ORM-D (which stands for Other Regulated Material - Domestic). Each hazardous material is assigned to a hazard class or division based on the most prevalent hazard characteristic it possesses. The criteria used to evaluate the hazard associated with each class/division are specifically defined in the regulations. The criteria must be applied to each hazardous material to determine the hazardous material's classification. The Hazard Classes and Divisions handout shows the sections of Part 173 where the definitions used to classify a hazardous material and assign it to a particular hazard class/division can be found. If a material is not specifically listed in the Section Hazardous Materials Table and meets the definition of more than one hazard class or division as defined in Part 173 of the HMR, then the material will be classed according to the highest applicable hazard. This is known as the precedence list. Materials that qualify will be classified according to the following precedence list: 1. Class 7 (Radioactive materials, other than limited quantities). 2. Division 2.3 (Poison gases). 3. Division 2.1 (Flammable gases). 4. Division 2.2 (Non-flammable gases). 5. Division 6.1 (Poisonous liquids), Packing Group I, poison inhalation hazard only. 6. Division 4.2 (Pyrophoric material as defined in Section (b)(1)). 3

4 7. Divison 4.1 (Self-reactive material as defined in Section (a)(2)). 8. Class 3 (Flammable liquids), Class 8 (Corrosive materials), Division 4.1 (Flammable solids), Division 4.2 (Spontaneously combustible materials), Division 4.3 (Dangerous when wet materials), Division 5.1 (Oxidizers), Division 6.1 (Poisonous liquids or solids other than Packing Group I, poison inhalation hazard). Precedence among the Classes 3 and 8 and Divisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1 and 6.1 is determined according to the precedence of hazard table in Section.173.2(b). See the Precedence of Hazard Table handout. 9. Combustible liquids. 10. Class 9 (Miscellaneous materials). There are a five hazard classes/divisions that are not included in the precedence of hazard determination as outlined. These include: **A Class 1 (Explosive) material that meets the definition for any other hazard class or division will still be assigned a division in Class 1. (Class 1 materials must be classed and approved according to the guidelines in Section ). **A Division 5.2 (Organic peroxide) material that meets another class definition will always be classed as Division 5.2. **A Division 6.2 (Infectious substance) material that meets any other hazard class definition except Class 7 (Radioactive) will be classed as 6.2. A Division 6.2 material that is also a limited quantity of Class 7 will still be classified a 6.2. **A material that meets the definition of a wetted explosive will be classified according to Section (a)(1). Wetted explosives are either specifically listed in the Section Hazardous Materials Table or are approved by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety. **A limited quantity of Class 7 (Radioactive) that meets the definition for more than one hazard class will be classed according to the guidelines in Section See Exercise 2. Notes:Use the Hazard Classes and Divisions handout as a tool to familiarize trainees with the hazard classes. You may wish to provide a list of materials commonly handled at your facility or transported by your company. This topic ties in with the topic: Hazmat- Hazardous Materials Table. Understanding classification of hazardous materials is essential to other related tasks: such as preparing or verifying description of hazardous materials on shipping papers, identifying or verifying 4

5 5 correct labeling and placarding, and determining correct emergency response procedures. Exercises: 3. Discuss the criteria for each hazard class. Content:Any material which is "capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce" is a hazardous material. A material is considered "hazardous" if: *It meets one or more of the hazard class definitions as defined by the HMR; or *Is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated-temperature material. Definitions for the nine hazard classes are summarized below. This information should be used only as guidelines. Refer to the appropriate section of Part 173 of the HMR for the complete specifications for each class and division. Class 1 (Explosives) An explosive is any substance or article - including a device - which is designed to function by explosion (i.e. an extremely rapid release of gas and heat), or which - by chemical reaction within itself - is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion, unless the substance or article is otherwise classed. Class 1 is subdivided into six divisions: Division 1.1 Explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously. Division 1.2 Explosives that have a projection hazard, but not a mass explosion hazard. Division 1.3 Explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard, a minor projection hazard, or both - but not a mass explosion hazard. Division 1.4 Explosives that present a minor explosion hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to the package, and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package. Division 1.5 Insensitive explosives which have a mass explosion hazard, but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation, or of transition from burning to detonation, under normal conditions of transport. (Note: The probability of transition from burning to detonation is greater when large quantities are transported in a vessel.)

6 Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives which do not have a mass explosion hazard. This division is comprised of articles which contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation. (Note: The risk from articles of Division 1.6 is limited to the explosion of a single article.) Class 2 (Gases) has three divisions: Division 2.1 (Flammable gas) Any material which is a gas at 20 degrees C (68 degrees F) or less and kpa (14.7 psi) of pressure, which: *Is ignitable at kpa (14.7 psi) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air, or *Has a flammable range at kpa (14.7 psi) with air of at least 12 percent, regardless of the lower limit. Except for aerosols, the limits specified are to be determined at kpa (14.7 psi) of pressure and a temperature of 20 degrees C (68 degrees F) in accordance with ASTM E681-85, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals or other equivalent method approved by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety. The flammability of aerosols is determined by the tests specified in Section (i). Division 2.2 (Non-flammable gas) This division includes non-flammable, non-poisonous compressed gas including compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing gas which: **Exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kpa (41 psia) or greater at 20 degrees C (68 degrees F), and **Does not meet the definition of Division 2.1 and 2.3. Division 2.3 (Poison gas) A gas poisonous by inhalation means a material which is a gas at 20 degrees C (68 degrees F) or less and a pressure of kpa (14.7 psi) and which: **Is known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation, or **In the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans because when tested on laboratory animals has an LC50 (Lethal Concentration) value of not more than 5000 milliliters per cubic meter. See Section (a) for assignment of Hazard Zones A, B, C, or D. LC50 values for mixtures may be determined using the formula in Section (b)(1)(i). Definitions - The following terms are used in defining the divisions of Class 2: *A non-liquefied compressed gas means a gas, other than in solution, which in a packaging under the charged pressure is entirely gaseous at the temperature of 20 degrees 6

7 C (68 degrees F). *A liquefied compressed gas means a gas which in a packaging under the charged pressure, is partially liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees C (68 degrees F). *A compressed gas in solution is a non-liquefied compressed gas which is dissolved in a solvent. *A cryogenic liquid means a refrigerated liquefied gas having a boiling point colder than - 90 degrees C (-130 degrees F) at 101.3kPa (14.7 psi) absolute. A material meeting this definition is subject to requirements of the HMR whether it meets the definition of a nonflammable, non-poisonous compressed gas or not. Refrigerant gas or dispersant gas apply to all non-poisonous refrigerant gases, dispersant gases, listed in Sections , (a)(2), (c), (a)(1) and (h), and mixtures of those listed. Any other compressed gas having a vapor pressure not exceeding 1792 kpa(260 psi) at 54 degrees C (130 degrees F) that is restricted for use as a refrigerant, dispersant or blowing agent also meets this definition. Flammable range means the difference between the minimum and maximum volume percentages of the material in air that forms a flammable mixture. Class 3 (Flammable liquid) A liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 degrees C (140 degrees F), or any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8 degrees C (100 degrees F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation, or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk packaging, with the following exceptions: **Any liquid meeting one of the definitions of a Class 2 (Gas) material. **Any mixture having one or more components with a flash point of 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) or higher, that makes up at least 99 percent of the total volume of the mixture, if the mixture is not offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point. **Any liquid with a flash point greater than 35 degrees C (95 degrees F) which does not sustain combustion according to ASTM 4206 or the procedure in Appendix H of Part 173. **Any liquid with a flash point greater than 35 degrees C (95 degrees F) and with a fire point greater than 100 degrees C (212 degrees F) according to ISO **Any liquid with a flash point greater than 35 degrees C (95 degrees F) which is in a water-miscible solution with a water content of more than 90 percent by mass. A "combustible liquid" is any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash point above 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) and below 93 degrees C (200 degrees F). A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 38 degrees C (100 degreees F), that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class, may be reclassed as a combustible liquid. An elevated temperature material that meets the definition of a Class 3 material because it is heated at or above its flashpoint may not be reclassed as a combustible liquid. 7

8 Class 4 (Flammable solid) Any material which falls into the following three divisions: Division 4.1 (Flammable solid) **Desensitized explosives that, when dry, are explosives of Class 1 - other than those of compatibility group A - which are wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or plasticizer to suppress explosive properties, and materials specifically authorized by name in the Hazardous Materials Table or have been specifically authorized by name either in the Section Hazardous Materials Table or have been assigned a shipping name and hazard class by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety. **Self-reactive materials that are thermally unstable and that can undergo a strongly exothermal decomposition even without oxygen (air). **Readily combustible solids which may cause fire through friction, show a burning rate faster than 2.2 mm (0.087 inch) per second when tested in accordance with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, or any metal powders that can be ignited and react over the whole length of a sample in 10 minutes or less when tested in accordance with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. Division 4.2 (Spontaneously combustible) Any material of the following two types: **A pyrophoric material that - even in small quantities and without an external ignition source - can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air when tested according to the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. **A self-heating material that - when in contact with air and without an energy supply - is liable to self-heat; exhibits spontaneous ignition; or if the temperature of the sample exceeds 200 degrees C (392 degrees F) when tested in accordance with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. Division 4.3 (Dangerous when wet) A material which by contact with water: **Is liable to become spontaneously flammable. **Gives off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of material, per hour, when tested in accordance with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. Class 5 (Oxidizers and organic peroxide) has two divisions: **Division 5.1 (Oxidizer) A material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials. 1. A solid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, its mean burning time is less than or equal to the burning time of a 3:7 potassium bromate/cellulose mixture. 2. A liquid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance 8

9 with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kpa to 2070 kpa gauge is less than the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent)/cellulose mixture. **Division 5.2 (Organic peroxide) Any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals, unless: 1. The material meets the definition of an explosive according to Subpart C of Part 173, in which case it must be classed an explosive. 2. The material is forbidden from being offered for transportation according to the Section Hazardous Materials Table or Section The Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety has determined that the material does not present a hazard which is associated with a Division 5.2 material. 4. The material meets the restriction specified for available oxygen as calculated using the formula in Section (a)(4)(ii). Class 6 (Poison) has two divisions: Division 6.1 (Poison) A material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or which, in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity: **Is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls within specified oral, dermal, or inhalation toxicity ranges when tested on laboratory animals. **Is an irritating material, with properties similar to tear gas, which cause extreme irritation - especially in confined spaces. Division 6.2 (Infectious substance) A viable microorganism, or its toxin, which causes or may cause disease in humans or animals - including those agents listed in 42 CFR 72.3 (the regulations of the Department of Health and Human Services) or any other agent that causes or may cause severe, disabling, or fatal disease. (Infectious substance and etiologic agent are synonymous.) Class 7 (Radioactive) Any material having a specific activity greater than microcuries per gram. For more information on classification criteria for Class 7, consult Subpart I of Part 173. Class 8 (Corrosive) **A liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time. **A liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum based on the criteria in 9

10 Section (c)(2). Class 9 (Miscellaneous) A material which presents a hazard during transportation, but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard class. This includes: **Any material which has an anesthetic, noxious, or other similar property which could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a member of a flight crew so as to prevent the correct performance of assigned duties; or **Any material that meets the definition in Section for an elevated temperature material, a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant. Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D) ORM-D means a material, such as a consumer commodity, which although otherwise subject to the regulations, presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity, and packaging. It must be a material for which exceptions are provided in the Hazardous Materials Table. Notes:The information contained in this program includes the primary criteria for assignment of hazardous materials to hazard classes. Be sure to consult the appropriate section(s) of the HMR for complete information. If you are a manufacturer or supplier of hazardous materials and classify your hazardous materials onsite - you may want to discuss the process or procedures that are followed. If you are a transporter of hazardous material - you will want to discuss the relevance of classification to your company's function. The transporter is not going to be classifying hazardous materials- but you may need to: *check the accuracy of a description of a hazardous material on a shipping paper; *check a packaging for appropriate labeling and marking requirements consistent with the description on a shipping paper; *determine what placard is required to transport a hazardous material; *determine if an appropriate packaging has been used. The hazard classification would be an important piece of information in any of the above situations. Exercises: 4. Discuss the exceptions for limited quantities. Content:Exceptions by class are listed in the HMR for hazardous materials shipments of Class 2, Class 3, Division 4.1 and 4.3, Divisions 5.1 and 5.2, Division 6.1, Class 7, Class 8, Class 9, and ORM-D. (See Sections , , , , , , , , , ). Hazardous materials in these classes and divisions are permitted to use the exceptions listed in these sections only if: *The section discussing the exception is referenced for a specific hazardous material in Column 8 of the Section Hazardous Materials Table; and 10

11 *For Class 3 - if the material does not meet the definition of another hazard class except Division 6.1, Packing Group III or Class 8, Packing Group III. Limited Quantity Limited quantity is defined in Section When a particular material is specified as a limited quantity it means the maximum amount of a hazardous material for which there is a specific labeling or packaging exception. The exceptions for limited quantities apply to hazardous materials classified as: Class 3 (Flammable) and combustible liquids; Division 4.1 (Flammable solids) in Packing Groups II and III; Division 4.3 (Dangerous when wet) in Packing Groups II and III; Division 5.1 (Oxidizers) in Packing Groups II and III; Division 5.2 (Organic peroxides) Divison 6.1 ( Poisonous materials) in Packing Group III; Class 8 in Packing Group II and III; and Class 9. The HMR also states exceptions for limited quantities of Class 2 (Compressed gases) and for Class 7 (Radioactive) materials. Hazardous materials (except compressed gases and radioactive materials) that can use the exceptions for limited quantities: 1. Are excepted from labeling requirements unless offered for transportation or transported by aircraft. 2. Are excepted from specification packaging requirements as described in the HMR when packaged in combination packagings as noted in the section corresponding to a specific class/division. 3. Are excepted from placarding requirements. 4. Must meet the packaging requirements of Subpart B (Preparation of Hazardous Materials for Transportation) of Part 173 for each package. 5. May not exceed 30 kilograms (66 pounds) gross weight in each package. Limited quantities that qualify for the exception are not excepted from the requirements for shipping papers, emergency response information, or training. More specific information about packaging requirements for limited quantities is described in the section of the HMR describing the exceptions for that class. Class 3, see Section (b). Division 4.1 and 4.3, see Section (b). Division 5.1 and 5.2, see Section (b). Division 6.1, see Section (b). 11

12 Class 8, see Section (b). Class 9, see Section (b). Compressed gases Limited quantities of compressed gases for which exceptions are permitted: 1. Are noted by reference to Section of the HMR in the Section Hazardous Materials Table. 2. Are excepted from labeling unless otherwise specified. 3. Are excepted from specification packaging requirements of the HMR when packed according to the guidelines in Section unless the specification packaging is a required condition of the exception. 4. Are excepted from placarding requirements in Subpart F of Part Are excepted from the requirements of Part 174 (Carriage by rail) except for the shipping papers requirements in Section Are excepted from the requirements of Part 177 (Carriage by public highway) except for the shipping papers requirements in Section May not exceed 30 kilograms (66 pounds) gross weight for each package. More complete guidelines for limited quantities for which exceptions are permitted are addressed in Section (a): 1. Compressed gases in containers of not more than 4 fluid ounces capacity except cigarette lighters. 2. Compressed gases in metal containers filled with a material that is not classed as a hazardous material to not more than 90 percent of capacity at 70 degrees F and then charged with non-flammable, non-liquefied gas. 3. Compressed gases in a metal container for the sole purpose of expelling a nonpoisonous (other than a Division 6.1 Packing Group II material) liquid, paste, or powder. 4. Gas samples. Exemptions for foodstuffs, soap, biologicals, electronic tubes, and audible fire alarm systems which use compressed gases are described in detail in Section (b). Truck bodies or trailers on flat cars; automobiles, motorcycles, tractors, or other selfpropelled vehicles containing compressed gases are discussed in Section (d). Exceptions for refrigerating machines are discussed in Section (e). Exceptions for accumulators are discussed in Section (f). Exceptions for water pump system tanks are discussed in Section (g). Class 7 (Radioactive) Limited quantity of Class 7 (Radioactive) material means a quantity of Class 7(Radioactive) material not exceeding the materials package limits specified in Section and conforming with requirements specified in Section

13 For more information, see Sections , , 173,423, , and Notes:It is very common to misuse the terms exception and exemption when referring to the HMR. Exceptions are statements contained within the HMR which allow you to not meet other specified requirements of the HMR under certain conditions or in certain circumstances. Exemptions are documents issued by the Department of Transportation's Research and Special Programs Administration Associate Administrator under the authority of 49 U.S.C which authorizes a person to perform a function that is not otherwise authorized under the HMR. But this "dispensation" of sorts must be applied for and come from DOT. An exemption is specific to a party or parties and has a time frame. All special allowances stated in the HMR which remove requirements of the HMR are exceptions. Thus, limited quantities and consumer commodities are exceptions. These exceptions except you from some of the requirements of the HMR. Exercises: 5. Discuss the exceptions for consumer commodities or ORM-Ds. Content:Consumer commodity is defined in Section as a material that is packaged and distributed in a form intended or suitable for sale through retail sales agencies or instrumentalities for consumption by individuals for purposes of personal care or household use. This term also includes drugs or medicines. A limited quantity which conforms to provisions of the section describing exceptions for its Class and meets the definition of consumer commodity as defined in Section may be renamed "Consumer commodity" and reclassed as ORM-D material. (ORM-D stands for "Other Regulated Material-Domestic".) ORM-Ds are excepted from the same requirements as limited quantities: 1. Are excepted from labeling requirements unless otherwise specified. 2. Are excepted from specification packaging requirements as described in the HMR when packaged in combination packagings as noted in the section corresponding to a specific class/division. 3. Are excepted from placarding requirements. 4. Meet the packaging requirements of Subpart B of Part 173 for each package. 5. May not exceed 30 kilograms (66 pounds) gross weight in each package. In addition, ORM-Ds: 6. Are excepted from the shipping paper requirement in Subpart C of Part 172 unless the material meets the definition of a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant; or 7. Are excepted unless offered for transportation or transported by aircraft. If the material has met all of the above criteria it is eligible for the exceptions provided in 13

14 Section Class 3 See Section (c). Class 4 See Section (b). Charcoal briquettes in packagings not exceeding 30 kilograms (66 pounds) gross weight, may be renamed "Consumer commodity" and reclassed as ORM-D material, if the material is a "consumer commodity" as described in Section Class 5 See Section (c). Division 6.1 See Section (c). A poisonous material which is a drug or medicine and is a "consumer commodity" as defined in Section may be renamed "Consumer commodity" and reclassed as ORM-D material if : *Packaged in a combination packaging not exceeding 30 kilograms (66 pounds). *Inner packagings must not exceed 250 milliliters ( 8 ounces) net capacity for liquids or 250 grams (8.8 ounces) net capacity for solids packed in strong outer packagings. *Each package must conform to the packaging requirements of Subpart B of Part 173. Class 8 See Section (c). Class 9 See Section (c). Notes: Exercises: 6. Discuss other exceptions for individual hazard classes. Content:Class 3 Alcoholic beverages (see Section (d)) An alcoholic beverage (wine and distilled spirits as defined in 27 CFR 4.10 and 5.11) is not subject to the requirements of the HMR if it: 1. Contains 24 percent or less alcohol by volume. 2. Is in an inner packaging of five liters or less. 3. Is a Packing Group III alcoholic beverage in a packaging of 250 liters (66 gallons) or less, unless transported by air. Aqueous solutions of alcohol (see Section (e)) An aqueous solution containing 24 percent or less alcohol by volume and no other hazardous material: 1. May be reclassed as a combustible liquid. 14

15 2. Is not subject to the requirements of the HMR if it contains no less than 50 percent water. Combustible liquids (see Section (f)) A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 38 degrees C (100 degrees F) that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class, may be reclassed as a combustible liquid, unless transported by vessel or aircraft. Transportation by vessel or aircraft may be allowed if no other mode of transportation is possible. A material that is classed as a combustible liquid in a non-bulk package is not required to meet the requirements of the HMR unless the combustible liquid is a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant. A combustible liquid in a bulk packaging or a combustible liquid that is a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant, is subject to the requirements of the HMR pertaining to: 1. Shipping papers, waybills, switching orders, and hazardous waste manifests. 2. Marking of packages. 3. Display of identification numbers on bulk packages. 4. Placarding requirements. 5. Carriage aboard aircraft and vessels (for packaging requirements for transport by vessel, see Section of the HMR). 6. Reporting incidents as prescribed by Sections and of the HMR. 7. Packaging requirements of Subpart B of Part 173. Non-bulk packages must conform with the requirements of Section The requirements of the following sections of the HMR: *173.1 (Shippers - General requirements for shipments and packagings: Purpose and scope); * (Forbidden materials and packages); * (General requirements for packagings and packages); *173.24a (Additional general requirements for non-bulk packagings and packages); *173.24b (Additional general requirements for bulk packagings); *174.1 (Carriage by rail: Purpose and scope); * (Carriage by public highway: Compliance with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations); * (Shipping papers); and * (Loading and Unloading - General requirements). A combustible liquid that is not a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or marine pollutant is not subject to the requirements of this subchapter if it is a mixture of one or more components that: 1. Has a flash point at or above 93 degrees C (200 degrees F). 2. Comprises at least 99 percent of the volume of the mixture. 15

16 3. Is not offered for transportation or transported as a liquid at a temperature at or above its flash point. Class 8 Materials corrosive to aluminum or steel only (see Section (d)) A material that is classed as a Class 8, Packing Group III and has a corrosive effect on aluminum, but is not a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, or marine pollutant: is not subject to any other requirements of the HMR when transported by motor vehicle or rail car in a packaging constructed of materials that will not react dangerously with or be degraded by the corrosive material. A material that is classed as a Class 8, Packing Group III and has a corrosive effect on steel, but is not a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, or marine pollutant: is not subject to any other requirements of the HMR when transported by motor vehicle or rail car in a bulk packaging constructed of materials that will not react dangerously with or be degraded by the corrosive material. Notes: Exercises: 16