Prof. Dr. Supachai Yavaprabhas World Conference on Higher Education: Macao SAR, PR China

Transcription

1 ASEAN Higher Education Area Prof. Dr. Supachai Yavaprabhas Di Director, SEAMEO RIHED 2009 World Conference on Higher Education: Macao SAR, PR China

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3 Is this our dreams? A region whereby Students of any nation can easily enroll in another university within the region for a certain period of time and the credits are being transferred Graduates of any nations can be employed in other countries within the region There are a lot of multi-cultural workplace

4 Harmonisation Definition What is Higher Education Harmonisation? (1) a process that recognises the importance of education cooperation and the significance of establishing an area of knowledge in which activities and interactions in higher education, mobility, and employment opportunities can be easily facilitated

5 Harmonisation Definition (2) It is the process that recognises diversity of higher education systems and cultures within the region, while seeking to create a common educational space within which a variety of cultures, languages and a common practice and guideline for cooperation are promoted

6 Harmonisation Definition (3) it is the area in which continuous interactions and mobility between faculty members, students and employment sector are encouraged. It is a pool of human resources invested and developed d by national governments, HEIs and employment sector

7 Harmonisation Definition Harmonisation: A long and complex process and key success factors consensus building at the national level active participation from HEIs and employment sector ll d d i d f a mutually accepted roadmap consisted of a vision/goal of the harmonisation process, areas for framework development, methods and key players

8 Process of HE Harmonisation: Global Landscape EHEA in 2010 From 1998 New Charter BP Observer Status NONE On-going from 1999 From 2004 Moving to AHEA BP Observer Status

9 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Europe: the Bologna Process ( ) Latin and Central America: the Common Space of Higher Education between Europe, Latin and Central America (1999 present) West Africa: African Higher Education Area (2004 present) Arab states: selected areas of harmonisation (1998 present)

10 Lack of HE harmonisation process in SEA The lack of HE harmonisation process in Southeast Asia has led to SEAMEO RIHED s attempt to Raise awareness among key stakeholders in SEA about the changing HE contexts Promote the harmonisation process leading to Southeast Asian Higher Education Area Emphasise the importance of HE as an engine for social and economic growth

11 4. Harmonisation of Higher Education in SEA: Past and Present Frameworks for Higher Education Cooperation in Asia ASEAN: Education is integrated as one of the mechanism to promote ASEAN-Socio Cultural Community SEAMEO: ASEAN identity and diverse aspects of ASEAN community (e.g. language education, vocational o a and technical education, leadership etc.) Brisbane Communiqué: collaboration Brisbane Communiqué: collaboration on QA and recognition frameworks

12 4. Harmonisation of Higher Education in SEA: Past and Present Frameworks for Higher Education Cooperation in Asia (con t) UMAP: mobility and credit transfer system (UCTS) Other Networks emphasising different aspects of regional HE: ASAIHL, AUAP, AUN, APRU, APQN and also other SEAMEO Centres, etc.

13 4. Harmonisation of Higher Education in SEA: Past and Present a loosely and voluntary policy mechanism leading to the development of agreed sets of higher education infrastructure t within the region. Harmonisation of Higher Education in SEA and Asia: What has been lacking?

14 5. Harmonisation of Higher Education: SEAMEO RIHED s Initiatives 1. Student Mobility 2. QA & QF 3. Bologna Process 4. Regional Harmonisation 5. We need SEA Harmonisation in HE

15 5. Harmonisation of Higher Education: SEAMEO RIHED s Initiatives i i SEAMEO RIHED s proposal to the Ministers of Education during the SEAMEO Council Meeting in March 2008 The Structured Framework for Regional Integration in Higher Education in SEA: the Road towards a Common Space ENDORSED

16 5. Harmonisation of Higher Education: SEAMEO RIHED s Initiatives Stage 1: Raising Awareness Stage 2: Creating an Inter-governmental steering committee to identify priority areas Stage 3: Organising a Ministerial Summit Stage 4: Developing frameworks of guidelines for the identified priority areas Stage 5: Expanding the priority areas and membership of the Common Space

17 5. Harmonisation of Higher Education: SEAMEO RIHED s Initiatives Where are we at the moment? Stage 1: Raising Awareness about the Process of Higher Education Harmonisation and the Common Space in Higher Education The Conference Series on Raising Awareness: Exploring the Ideas of Creating Higher Education Common Space in Southeast Asia (June November 2008)

18 5. Harmonisation of Higher Education: SEAMEO RIHED s Initiatives ii i What could be the region s priority areas? SEAMEO RIHED and the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) have been coordinating to establish the ASEAN Quality Assurance Network (AQAN) from early 2008 The aim of this network is to develop the framework for ASEAN quality assurance The 1st Meeting was held in July 2008 and resulted in the Kuala Lumpur Declaration of the ASEAN Quality Assurance Network (AQAN)

19 5. Harmonisation of Higher Education: SEAMEO RIHED s Initiatives ii i The Role of AQAN as the 1 st step to promote harmonisation process share best practices of QA; Develop an ASEAN QA Framework; Collaborate on capacity building; Facilitate recognition of qualifications and cross border mobility

20 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Europe: Origin of the Bologna Process 1987: Socrates Erasmus programme established in the EU 1988: Magna Carta Universitatum (signed by heads of universities attending the 900th anniversary of the University of Bologna) 1989: The ECTS launched within Erasmus programme 1997: Lisbon Recognition Convention + Diploma Supplement launched (developed by Council of Europe and UNESCO) 1998: Sorbonne Declaration (UK, France, Germany, Italy) 1999: Bologna Declaration (29 countries) 2001: Prague Communiqué (33 countries) 2003: Berlin Communiqué (40 countries) 2005: Bergen Communiqué (45 countries) 2007: London Communiqué

21 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Europe s Bologna Process: Fundamental Premises? A continuing development of cooperation between European HEIs, reflecting the fundamental principles in the Magna Carta Universitatum (1988) A European higher education reform model which establishes convergence while maintaining the diversity of European higher education systems A non-binding inter-governmental process participated by 45 countries across Europe A process aiming at creating the European Higher Education p g g p g Area (EHEA) by 2010

22 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education The Essence of the Bologna Process: It is not intended to create a standardised/uniform European system of higher education It is a common space where each higher education systems share key features (degree structure, credit system, quality assurance practices, life-long long learning culture etc.) It is created to facilitate the free flow of student/staff mobility and stimulate balanced cooperation between HEIs in Europe It is an investment in higher education of Europe to increase the competitiveness of European higher education and economic systems (Knowledge is the key to regional economic growth)

23 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education The Bologna Process: Key Areas of Harmonisation Bologna (1999) readable and comparable degrees 2 main cycles (BA/MA) European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) Mobility QA European Dimension in HE Prague (2001) LLL Inclusion of students and HEIs in the process Attractiveness of EHEA in other regions Berlin (2003) Connection of EHEA and ERA London (2007) External dimension of the Bologna Process

24 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Europe: the Bologna Process ( ) Latin and Central America: the Common Space of Higher Education between Europe, Latin and Central America (1999 present) West Africa: African Higher Education Area (2004 present) Arab states: selected areas of harmonisation (1998 present)

25 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Latin America and the Caribbean: Origin of the Harmonisation Process 1999: the decision to establish a common space of higher education between Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean was reached A steering committee between the two continents have met periodically to consolidate ideas and concepts to establish the common space of higher education in 2015

26 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Latin America and the Caribbean: Areas of Harmonisation Dissemination of academic collaboration and experience; Comparability of study programme; Mobility of students and staff; Joint degrees; Identification of financing sources and mechanisms; and Quality assurance

27 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Europe: the Bologna Process ( ) Latin and Central America: the Common Space of Higher Education between Europe, Latin and Central America (1999 present) West Africa: African Higher Education Area (2004 present) Arab states: selected areas of harmonisation (1998 present)

28 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education West Africa: Origin of Harmonisation Initiative To solve the problem of low quality of HE in the region and the growing demand for higher education WAEMU countries: African Development Bank (ADF) has been promoting improvement of regional cooperation in HE in key areas: staff and student mobility; mutual recognition of degree titles; and curricula development

29 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education West Africa: Origin of Harmonisation Initiative 2007: Association of African Universities (AAU) proposed to launch the African Union Strategy for Harmonisation of Higher Education Programme (AU HEP Harmonisation Strategy) t The AU HEP Harmonisation Strategy is part of the 2 nd The AU HEP Harmonisation Strategy is part of the 2 Decade of Education for Africa ( )

30 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education West Africa: African Higher Education Area (AHEA) African quality culture; Curricula reforms addressing priorities of both national and regional labour markets; Academic mobility; Regional regulatory and higher education policies; Collective response towards GATS and globalisation; Pool of resources for African Studies; Attractiveness and competitiveness of African HEIs

31 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Europe: the Bologna Process ( ) Latin and Central America: the Common Space of Higher Education between Europe, Latin and Central America (1999 present) West Africa: African Higher Education Area (2004 present) Arab states: selected areas of harmonisation (1998 present)

32 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Arab States: Origin of Harmonisation Process 1970s: regional frameworks for cooperation in selected areas, esp. quality assurance and recognition s: Convention on the Recognition of Higher Education Studies, Diplomas and Degrees (gradually ratified by members of the Arab States) 1998: Identified 4 features of higher education development ( relevance, quality, good management and cooperation )

33 3. Current Frameworks of Harmonisation of Higher Education Arab States: Common Area/New Charter for Higher Education in the Arab States (key supporter: UNESCO (Regional Bureau for Education in the Arab States) Compatible qualification frameworks; Attractiveness of higher education systems, programmes and HEIs; Academic mobility; Joint higher education programmes; and Quality Assurance network and framework

34 Cliff Adelman, Senior Research Analyst U.S. Department of Education Prediction... By 2030, what started as European will be global, providing transfer without borders. The US will either join or be left behind. It will be a challenge unlike any other issued to our system of higher education. We had better get started!

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