Practical Implementation Strategies. Local Planning & Design for Active Transportation
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1 Practical Implementation Strategies Local Planning & Design for Active Transportation
2 Outline Introduction Local Planning Pedestrian Environments Bicycling & Non-Motorized Systems Intermodal Examples
3 3 Popular Planning Myths and how to dispel them
4 We don t have time to do it right. (But we will have time to do it over.) Planning Myths
5
6 We need to finish this plan once and for all. Planning Myths
7 Planning is iterative it is never finished or complete.
8 Never start planning or design until you know for sure you have the money to build the project. Planning Myths
9 Money comes to plans much faster than plans come to money.
10
11 Terms and Concepts Trip purpose Travel mode
12 Typical Urban Trip Purpose Distribution 25% 20% HBW HBO NHB 55% HBW = Home-Based Work (Commuting) HBO = Home-Based Other (Shopping, Recreation, Mommy 500 ) NHB = Mid-Day Trips, Deliveries, Work Trips, Other
13 * % of trips Mode Share* Typical Small City 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Personal Vehicles 93% Transit 1% Pedestrian 5% Bicycle 1%
14 * % of trips Mode Share* Boulder 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Personal Vehicles 61% Transit 6% Pedestrian 19% Bicycle 14%
15 Household Expenditures Tobacco products and smoking supplies Alcoholic beverages Personal care products and services Miscellaneous Education & Reading Cash contributions Apparel and services Entertainment Healthcare Personal insurance and pensions Food Transportation Housing % of Household Expenditures
16 Three Car Family Mom Dad Daughter Monday SOV SOV SOV Tuesday SOV SOV SOV Wednesday SOV SOV SOV Thursday SOV SOV SOV Friday SOV SOV SOV Saturday -- SOV -- Sunday varies varies varies
17 Two Car Family Mom Dad Daughter Monday SOV Transit SOV Tuesday SOV SOV Bike Wednesday SOV Transit SOV Thursday SOV SOV Bike Friday Bike Transit SOV Saturday -- SOV -- Sunday varies varies varies
18 Local Planning Pedestrian Environments Bicycle & Non-Motorized Networks
19 Pedestrian Environments What are pedestrians? Types of pedestrians Types of pedestrian environments Setting clear priorities Distinguishing urban from suburban design Understanding the crossings challenge Safe routes to school
20 Types of Walking Rambling Utilitarian Walking Strolling, Lingering Promenading Special Events Charlier Associates, Inc.
21 The Pedestrian Environment
22 The Street Room
23
24 Elements of the Street 1. Street Wall 2. Pedestrian Realm 3. Overhead Area 4. Vehicle Realm 5. Subsurface Area
25 Design Tutorial Elements of the Street 1. Street Wall 2. Pedestrian Realm 3. Overhead Area 4. Vehicle Realm 5. Subsurface Area
26 Design Tutorial Elements of the Street 1. Street Wall 2. Pedestrian Realm 3. Overhead Area 4. Vehicle Realm 5. Subsurface Area
27 Design Tutorial Elements of the Street 1. Street Wall 2. Pedestrian Realm 3. Overhead Area 4. Vehicle Realm 5. Subsurface Area
28 Design Tutorial Elements of the Street 1. Street Wall 2. Pedestrian Realm 3. Overhead Area 4. Vehicle Realm 5. Subsurface Area
29 Design Tutorial Elements of the Street 1. Street Wall 2. Pedestrian Realm 3. Overhead Area 4. Vehicle Realm 5. Subsurface Area
30 Design Tutorial Characteristics of Street Elements 1. Street Wall Characteristics: Height Building Articulation Entry Frequency Urban Scale Transparency/Glazing Canopies & Arcades
31 Design Tutorial Characteristics of Street Elements 2. Pedestrian Realm Characteristics: Cross Section Amenities Street Trees Canopies & Arcades Crosswalks
32 Charlier Associates, Inc.
33
34 Charlier Associates, Inc.
35
36 Design Tutorial Characteristics of Street Elements 3. Overhead Area Characteristics: Utilities Lighting Street Trees Canopies & Arcades
37
38 Design Tutorial Characteristics of Street Elements 4. Vehicle Realm Characteristics: Number of Lanes On-Street Parking Traffic Volume Lane Width Traffic Speed Traffic Control Systems
39 Design Tutorial Characteristics of Street Elements 5. Subsurface Area Characteristics: Storm Water Drainage Utilities
40 St r eet Syst em 10 Landscaped Medians 7 Signals 8 Safety 5 Buses IRRIGATION 1 St r eet Vehicles 4 Drainage IRRIGATION 2 Bike Lanes BUS STORM SEWER SEWER 9 Parkways 3 Sidewalks DRIVEWAY WATER IRRIGATION ELECTRIC DUCTS IRRIGATION CABLE ELECTRIC PHONE GAS WATER 6 Utilities STORM SEWER SEWER CABLE
41 Urban Scale Urban Design Concepts
42 Height to Width Ratio X:Y Height Width Charlier Associates, Inc.
43 Sun Angle = 66 Urban Scale 3:2 Height to Width Ratio
44 Urban Scale Sun Angle = 45 1:1 Height to Width Ratio
45 Urban Scale Sun Angle = 33 1:2 Height to Width Ratio
46 Urban Scale Sun Angle = 22 1:4 Height to Width Ratio
47
48
49 Urban Scale Sun Angle = xx 1:5 Height to Width Ratio
50
51 Pedestrian Environments Pedestrian Place or District Pedestrian Supportive Pedestrian Tolerant Friendly Pedestrian Intolerant
52 Pedestrian Environment Continuum Pedestrian Friendliness Pedestrian Place/District Pedestrian Supportive Environment Pedestrian Tolerant Environment Pedestrian Intolerant Environment Charlier Associates, Inc.
53 Pedestrian Place/District Mixed use with retail Gathering place identifiable as a PLACE Significant pedestrian presence Motor vehicles present, do not dominate Supportive transportation required (parking, transit, bike) Charlier Associates, Inc.
54 Pedestrian Supportive Mixed use including residential May include gathering PLACES Pedestrians present at busy times Motor vehicles present, do not dominate Charlier Associates, Inc.
55 Pedestrian Tolerant All land uses except freeway & certain special uses (airport runway, garbage dump, etc.) Utilitarian walking & rambling only Motor vehicles present, may tend to dominate Charlier Associates, Inc.
56 Pedestrian Intolerant Any land use Little or no walking Motor vehicles dominate Unsafe, unpleasant Charlier Associates, Inc.
57 Charlier Associates, Inc. Walk Environments and Types of Walking Utilitarian Walking Number of Pedestrians Rambling Strolling, Lingering, Promenade, Special Events Pedestrian Place Pedestrian Supportive Pedestrian Tolerant Pedestrian Intolerant
58 Practical Pedestrian Strategies Adopt complete streets design standards Private development Public works projects (context sensitive) Apply concurrency/adequate public facility requirements to development projects Designate safe routes to school Focus public investment in high priority pedestrian districts and school routes Get serious about maintenance
59 Setting Priorities Practical Implementation Strategies
60 Real-World Pedestrian Structure (Nodes and Corridors) Charlier Associates, Inc.
61 Complete Streets Design Standards Practical Implementation Strategies
62
63 Design Reflecting Context
64
65 Top 3 Pedestrian Design Issues 1. Continuous sidewalks both sides of street 2. Street crossings Shorten crossings Slow traffic 3. Modern curb ramps
66 1. Continuous Sidewalks
67 Sidewalks should be on both sides of the street and continuous
68 2. Street Crossings
69 Pedestrian Survival Rates Vehicle Speeds % survive 20mph 30mph 40mph 100% 95% 50% 55% 15% 5% 50% 45% 100% 85% % die Charlier Associates, Inc.
70 Pedestrian Crossing Time Curb Extensions: YES Lane Width: 12 ft Walk Speed: 250 fpm Seconds: lane w/ parking 3 lane w/ parking 4 lane no parking 4 lane w/ parking 6 lane no parking 8 lane no parking
71 Vehicle Approach Time 25 mph Feet: lane w/ parking 3 lane w/ parking 4 lane no parking 4 lane w/ parking 6 lane no parking 8 lane no parking
72 Vehicle Approach Time 45 mph Feet: lane w/ parking 3 lane w/ parking 4 lane no parking 4 lane w/ parking 6 lane no parking 8 lane no parking
73 Keep Turning Radii Tight
74 Crosswalks are pushed back
75 Effect of large radius on crosswalk: Additional area to cross + Higher speed turns Bend OR
76
77 3. Modern Curb Ramps
78
79
80 Bicycle & Non-Motorized Systems Practical Implementation Strategies
81 Practical Non-Motorized Strategies Build a spine route an iconic corridor Formally approve parallel redundancy Designate primary & secondary bike corridors and prioritize public spending Map missing links Create route IDs for primary corridors Take advantage of modern design Consider road diets Get serious about maintenance Use the Web to map/promote bicycling
82 Build a Spine Route (Iconic Corridor) Practical Implementation Strategies
83 Formally Approve Parallel Redundancy Practical Implementation Strategies
84 Type A Cyclist: comfortable in traffic prefers direct but safe routes rides with or without bicycle facilities present Type B/C Cyclist: less skilled adults and children intimidated by traffic prefer designated facilities (bike lanes and multi-use paths)
85 Designate Primary & Secondary Corridors & Prioritize Funding Practical Implementation Strategies
86 Boulder Transportation Master Plan
87 421 miles off-road paths 0 miles on-street bicycle lanes 0 miles paved shoulders Previously Proposed Facilities Wichita
88 Importance of Network Connectivity: distance and safety impediments are the major obstacles to overcome facility type may change based upon context transitions need to be seamless
89 Primary Corridor System 164 miles off-road paths 67 miles on-street bicycle lanes 18 miles paved shoulders Wichita
90 Map Missing Links Practical Implementation Strategies
91 pathway users focus group
92 Boulder Transportation Master Plan
93 Missing links map to go here
94 Create IDs for Primary Corridors Practical Implementation Strategies
95
96 Apply Modern Design Practical Implementation Strategies
97 Paved Shoulders, Pathways or Bike Lanes? AASHTO & MUTCD guidelines Drop or dash bike lane striping in advance of intersections Position bike lanes to left of right-turning vehicular lanes
98 Consider Road Diets Practical Implementation Strategies
99 Road Diet Crash Studies: Vehicle-Vehicle
100 U.S.DOT FHWA Highway Safety Information System -- Before and After Testing Crash frequency Road diets: 6% lower Crash severity No difference Crash type Source: HSIS, FHWA Road diets had a higher percentage of angle crashes Road diets had a lower percentage of rear-end crashes
101 University Place, WA Bridgeport Way: 5-lane to 4-lane before after Source: PEDSAFE
102 Road Diets Capacity Comparisons Source: Walkable Communities Inc.
103 Iowa DOT 4-lane to 3-lane Conversions Roads with less than 20,000 vehicles per day: 20%-30% reduction in crashes (due to reduced conflict points and improved sight distance) More user friendly to elderly drivers LOS remained the same (intersection delay increased from 6.2 sec/veh to 6.7 sec/veh) Improved emergency response time Improved pedestrian safety Source: Transportation Research Board
104 Get Serious About Maintenance Practical Implementation Strategies
105 Maintenance Spot improvement program Standard reporting and responsibility assignment On-street facility maintenance Sweep right hand edges Maintain drainage grates Off-street facility maintenance Remove loose material from pathway surface Fix rough surfaces and post warning signs Prioritize snow removal
106 An Intermodal Example Practical Implementation Strategies
107 Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 8 th 9 th 10 th 11 th Broadway 13 th 14 th 15 th 16 th 17 th 18 th 19 th Pedestrian Mall Pine Parking Structures Spruce Pearl Parking Structure with Transit Walnut Canyon Downtown Loop Transit Routes Bike Facilities
108 Boulder s pedestrian mall works because
109 it is an integral part of an intermodal system
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