Introduction to DB2 Database Concepts p. 3 What is a Database? p. 3 Roles in the Database Environment p. 6 Database System Components p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. xv Introduction to DB2 Database Concepts p. 3 What is a Database? p. 3 Roles in the Database Environment p. 6 Database System Components p. 7 Hardware p. 7 Data p. 7 Users p. 8 Database Management Software p. 8 Categories of DBMSs p. 9 Data Models p. 9 Four Types of DBMSs p. 10 Relational Model p. 12 Data Structure p. 12 Data Manipulation p. 14 Data Integrity p. 14 Implementation of the Relational Model in DB2 p. 14 Data Structure p. 15 Data Manipulation p. 15 Data Integrity p. 15 DB2 Overview p. 17 Origin and History p. 17 DB2's Predecessors p. 18 Benefits of DB2 p. 18 Environment p. 19 DB2 Attachments, DSN, and Threads p. 20 Interactive Access to Data p. 21 Components and Features p. 21 IRLM, System Services, Data Base Services p. 21 DBRMs, BIND, PLANs, and the Optimizer p. 23 DB2 Directory and Catalog p. 24 DB2 Governor p. 26 DB2 Subsystem p. 26 Distributed Data Facility p. 26 Objects p. 27 Table p. 27 Tablespace p. 27 Index p. 29 Indexspace p. 31 Database p. 31

2 Storage Group p. 32 View p. 32 Bufferpool p. 34 Structured Query Language p. 35 DML, DDL, and DCL p. 35 Interactive and Embedded p. 36 Data Types p. 37 Constants p. 38 Nulls and Defaults p. 39 Referential Integrity p. 40 Defining and Loading a Sample Database p. 45 Gaining Authorization to Use DB2 p. 45 The Sample Database p. 46 SPUFI p. 50 Input and Output Datasets p. 51 SPUFI Defaults p. 53 Edit and Execute p. 55 Browse p. 57 Data Manipulation Language The Select Statement p. 63 Introduction p. 63 The Select Statement Format p. 63 The Results Table--A Subset of Your Data p. 65 The Select Clause p. 66 *, Columns, Literals p. 66 Distinct p. 68 The Where Clause p. 68 Comparison Operators p. 69 And, Or p. 70 Between, In p. 71 Like p. 72 Negative Conditions p. 73 Parentheses and Precedence p. 74 Column Functions and Groups p. 75 SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT p. 76 Group By p. 79 Having p. 80 Arithmetic Operations p. 81 +, -, *, / p. 82 In the Select Clause p. 82 In the Where Clause p. 83

3 Scalar Functions and Concatenation p. 83 Substr, Length p. 84 Conversion p. 86 Concatenation p. 88 Ordering the Result p. 89 Order By Column Name p. 89 Order By Column Number p. 90 Null Considerations p. 91 Comparisons, Arithmetic, Order By, Column Functions p. 92 Value p. 94 Subqueries, Unions, Joins p. 95 Subquery p. 95 After a Comparison Operator p. 99 In p. 102 Any, Some, All p. 103 Correlated Subquery p. 106 Correlated Subquery with Different Tables p. 106 Correlation Names p. 108 Correlated Subquery with the Same Table p. 109 Exists p. 111 Union p. 114 Join p. 116 Simple Joins p. 116 Joining a Table to Itself p. 120 Outer Join p. 121 Update Operations and Date and Time Support p. 123 Date and Time p. 123 Special Registers p. 123 Date and Time Functions p. 125 Duration p. 128 Arithmetic and Comparison p. 129 Modifying the Database p. 131 View Restrictions p. 132 Insert p. 132 Delete p. 135 Update p. 137 Referential Integrity with Insert, Delete, And Update p. 139 Insert p. 139 Delete p. 140 Update p. 141 Query Management Facility

4 QMF Overview p. 145 First Steps p. 146 Home Panel p. 146 QMF Overview p. 146 Temporary and Permanent Objects p. 151 Query p. 152 Data p. 152 Form p. 152 Proc p. 153 Profile p. 153 QMF Commands p. 155 Save p. 155 Display p. 155 Run p. 156 Import, Export, Print, Erase, Retrieve p. 157 List p. 159 Formatting Reports p. 161 Headings, Edit Codes, Usage Codes, Control Breaks p. 162 Form.Calc, Form.Detail p. 171 Query by Example p. 174 Prompted Query p. 175 Using QMF to Support End-User Applications p. 177 Query p. 177 Proc p. 179 The List Command p. 182 Batch Execution of QMF p. 182 A QMF Application p. 183 Application Programming Accessing DB2 from an Application Program--Introduction to Embedded SQL p. 191 Table Declarations p. 191 Declare Table Statement p. 192 DCLGEN p. 192 SQL Communications Area (SQLCA) p. 196 Embedded SQL Statements p. 197 Delimiters p. 197 Select Into p. 198 Host Variables p. 199 Variable-Length Columns p. 199 Data Type Compatibility p. 200 To Supply a Value p. 201 Host Structures p. 202

5 Nulls p. 203 Error Handling p. 206 SQLCA Fields p. 206 Whenever p. 207 DSNTIAR p. 208 Program1 p. 210 Embedded SQL--Advanced Topics p. 219 Data Integrity p. 219 Logging p. 219 Commit And Rollback p. 220 What DB2 Does at Commit Time p. 222 Locking p. 222 Cursor Operations p. 223 Declaring the Cursor p. 224 Opening and Closing the Cursor p. 224 Retrieving a Row--Fetch p. 225 Update and Delete p. 227 Reestablishing Cursor Position p. 229 Dynamic SQL p. 231 Dynamic SQL Compared to Static SQL p. 231 Examples of Dynamic SQL in DB2 p. 231 Testing Considerations p. 232 Synonyms in Testing p. 232 Requirements for Test Data p. 233 DSNTIAUL p. 234 Submitting SQL in Batch p. 235 DSNTEP2 p. 236 DSNTIAD p. 236 Program2 p. 237 Accessing DB2 from a CICS Program p. 245 DB2-CICS Attachment Architecture p. 245 CICS Resource Control Table p. 245 Types of Threads p. 246 Functions Provided by the DB2-CICS Attach p. 246 The DSNC Transaction p. 247 Program Flow Through the DB2-CICS Attach p. 247 DB2-CICS Recovery and Restart--The Two-Phase Commit p. 248 Programming Considerations p. 249 SQL Design Guidelines p. 249 Cursors Within Pseudo-Conversational Programs p. 250 Security Considerations p. 253

6 DB2-CICS Connection p. 253 Attachment Facility and DB2 Commands p. 253 Plan Execution and User Identification p. 253 Test versus Production Environment p. 254 Program3 p. 254 Program Preparation and Execution p. 261 DB21 Primary Option Menu p. 264 DB21 Defaults p. 265 Program Preparation Panels p. 266 Precompile Panel p. 268 Bind Panel p. 270 Compile, Link, and Run p. 273 Bind/Rebind/Free p. 281 STDSQL(86) And NOFOR p. 284 Program Preparation Outside of DB21 p. 284 TSO Foreground Execution p. 285 Execution in Batch p. 285 CICS Considerations p. 287 Design and Implementation of a Database Logical Database Design p. 291 Introduction p. 291 A Variety of Approaches and Tools p. 292 Identifying the Business Information Requirements p. 293 Business Entities p. 293 Relationships p. 294 Conditional Relationships p. 296 Identify the Data Requirements p. 297 Data Entities and Relationships p. 297 Define Primary Key Data Elements p. 300 Define Foreign Key Data Elements p. 300 Define NonKey Data Elements p. 302 Normalization p. 302 First Normal Form p. 302 Second Normal Form p. 303 Third Normal Form p. 305 Denormalization p. 307 Referential Integrity Decisions p. 307 Data Definition and Data Control p. 309 DDL--Creating DB2 Objects p. 309 Storage Groups p. 310 Database p. 311

7 Tablespace and Table p. 311 Index p. 313 Primary and Foreign Key p. 315 View and Synonym p. 317 Altering DB2 Objects p. 318 Altering Storage Group, Index, Tablespace p. 318 Alter Table p. 318 Dropping DB2 Objects p. 319 Data Control Language p. 319 Resources and Privileges p. 320 Grouped Privileges p. 320 Explicit and Implicit Authorization p. 322 Data Control Language Statements p. 322 Grant p. 322 Revoke p. 323 Primary and Secondary Auth IDs p. 324 Set p. 325 DB2 Catalog Tables for Security p. 325 Miscellaneous Topics DB2 Performance p. 329 When a Request Is Made for Data p. 329 Initial Procedures p. 329 SQL Processing p. 330 Commit and Thread Termination p. 330 Data Base Services p. 330 Relational Data System p. 331 Data Manager p. 331 Buffer Manager p. 331 Indexes in DB2 p. 332 Structure of Indexes p. 332 Clustered Index p. 333 Benefits and Costs of Index p. 335 Access Paths p. 337 Tablespace Scans p. 337 Matchings and Nonmatching Index Scans p. 337 Index Only p. 338 Sequential Prefetch p. 338 List Prefetch p. 339 Optimization p. 339 Effect of Predicates on Performance p. 340 Sargable and Nonsargable Predicates p. 340

8 Indexable Predicates p. 341 Access Paths of Queries with Multiple Tables p. 343 Nested-Loop Join p. 343 Merge-Scan Join p. 344 Sorts p. 345 Locking p. 345 Lock Size p. 346 Lock Duration p. 346 Lock Type p. 347 Performance Considerations and EXPLAIN p. 349 The Explain Function p. 349 Creating the Plan Table p. 349 Querying the Plan Table p. 350 Invoking Explain p. 352 Information Provided by Explain p. 353 Examples p. 358 Query 10 p. 358 Query 20 p. 359 Query 30 p. 360 DB2 Commands and Utilities p. 363 DB2 Commands p. 363 DB2 Command Execution p. 365 Utilities p. 367 Utility Execution p. 369 Utility Monitoring and Control p. 370 The Load Utility p. 372 The Runstats Utility p. 376 The Copy Utility p. 377 Distributed Database Facility p. 379 Concepts of Distributed Databases p. 380 What is a Distributed DBMS? p. 380 Local and Remote p. 381 Commit Scope and Logical Unit of Work p. 382 Location Transparency p. 382 Local Autonomy p. 383 Data Distribution in DB2 2.2 p. 384 Communicating with Other Subsystems p. 384 Three-Part Names for Tables and Views p. 385 Using Aliases p. 385 Date, Time, and Other Special Registers p. 386 Referential Integrity Limitations p. 387

9 Accessing Remote Data p. 387 Remote Table Name Translation p. 388 Query and Block Fetch p. 389 Update p. 390 Authorization in Distributed Environment p. 391 Program Preparation p. 391 Limitations p. 392 Glossary p. 393 DB2's System/Catalog Tables p. 403 Syntax p. 407 Predicate Types and Processing p. 417 Acronyms p. 419 Index p. 421 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.