CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transcription

1 CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology means talking about scientific research to collect, to seek and to analyze the fact or the fact or the given problems. In determining the method it is necessary to keep in mind the accuracy of the research, and the goal of the research also must be considered in making decision to anything deals with the research (Hadi, 1980). A. Research Method According to Hadi (1981 : 75) method is a procedure in carrying in carrying out the research with the technique of collecting and analyzing the data. In this study, the term method means a procedure in a research consists of the techniques of collecting data and the technique of analyzing data. B. Population and Sample 1. Population Population is the subject of research if one wants to observe all elements in research, this research is called population research Arikunto (1980 : 22) states that population is a group of people or items about which information it being collected. The population of this research is the seventh grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Semarang. In this research the writer uses small population because it will help the research in examining and calculating the result of the research. The writer pointed the population into two sides they are primary population and secondary population. The English teacher of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Semarang. Becomes the primary population and the seventh grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah Semarang become the secondary population. The total number of the students in the population is 40 students. 2. Sample Sample is a part of population from whom the data of the study are drawn. A good sample is one that is representative of the population generalization of the result.

2 The research realizes it is hard to investigate the whole population so that the take some population as the sample of the research considered having similar characteristic, and the sample must be representative. According to Arikunto (1996 : 120) in his book Procedure Penelitian if the number of subjects in the population is less than 100 it will be better for the researcher to take all of the subjects, but if the population is more that 100 the researcher should take 10% - 15% or 20% - 25% based on some considerations. In this research, the researcher took 20% of the population. The sample is 39 students. TABEL 1 The Total Number of Sample No Class Total Numbers The Numbers of Sample 1 7D Total number : 40 Sample : 10 C. Research Instrument The instruments are needed to achieve the accuracy of the data in this research. The instruments, are able to indicate whether the research is successful or not. According to Arikunto (1498 : 150), instrument is the tool or facility used by the observer to collect the accurate data in order to get the easier and better research. According to Sutrisno Hadi (1987 : 67) in collecting the data. The researcher can use some instruments that can use in research namely a test-, an interview, an observation, a questionnaire, an experiment, a field note. It is the way to getting the data it is more systematically, accurately, and completely. In collecting the data the writer used there instruments interview, dialogue, and the test. The first instrument used by the writer is interview. The first interview is directed to the teacher. In interviewing the teacher, the writer wanted to know what the teacher did in teaching speaking by using dialogue. The problem speaking English.

3 The second instruments used by the writer is dialogue the writer gives dialogue to the students. The writer interviewed the teacher orally to know what the teacher did in teaching speaking by using dialogue technique. The writer choose interview as an instrument in order to get the data more clearly and directly. The next observation is directed to the students. The writer interview of the students in order to know the students problems toward the teaching speaking by using dialogue technique. The last instrument used by the writer is test. The test was given to the students only. The aim of doing the test is to measure the students achievement in speaking. By doing the test, the work to the technique would be known. More student who speak English fluently means the technique can work successfully. D. Method of Collecting the Data In collecting data, there should be a method in which the writer easily get the data in this research. The methods of collecting data are dialogue, interview, and test method. 1. Dialogue The other form of conversation mentioned in the previous chapter was interpersonal dialogue, carried out more for the purpose of maintaining social relationship tan for the transmission of facts and information. The students practice the dialogue with their partner in front of the class. 2. Interview Interview is the dialogue that is done by the interview to get information from the interview (Arikunto, 1998 : 144). The writer used this method to get the data about what the teacher did in teaching speaking using interaction technique, and what the student s responds to the teaching speaking by using dialogue, the problems faced by the English teacher and the students in teaching learning process of speaking by using interaction technique, the solution and the advantages of using the technique. 3. The test

4 Test method is the wav of performing evaluation in the class of assignment. The test should do by the students in order to fill the value, behavior or achievements that can be compare with the work achievements by the students or with standard of mark Arikunto (1998 : 123), test is utilize as an instrument of collecting the data. Test method is a way of obtaining the data by giving a number of items to done by the students. The test itself defined as a series of questions or exercises that is used to measure the skill, knowledge, intelligence, ability, and aptitude own by an individual or group. E. Techniques of data Analysis In applying the research technique in teaching speaking by using dialogue, the writer used sections: opening, explanation, giving instructions, evaluation, closing. 1. Opening In the opening section the writer did greeting activities, such as assalamualaikum Good morning class, How are you today?

5 2. Explanation The writer taught the students by explaining the materials related, giving adequate examples. 3. Giving Instruction The writer asked the students to do some instruction given based on the materials, some instruction like : Now make the partner group etc. In speaking to class. The writer asked the students to practice their speaking ability directly with their friend by using English. The writer also gives time to the students to ask if there were questions. The writer usually used the sentence: Any question? Do you understand?, Is it clear? etc. After the instruction had been given, then researcher asked one of the groups to practice the dialogue. The aim of these activities was to encourage the students to be eager to speak in English. She let the students to practice the dialogue in front of the class and the records. After the whole process had finished then the writer made reinforcement to the explanation given. 4. Evaluation Evaluation is one of the ways to know the students ability in speaking English and understanding the materials. The function of evaluation is to make provision for guiding the increase of individual students to diagnose their weakness and goodness. In evaluating the speaking ability, the teacher chose one topic which had performed before and the students might practice at home and then the writer evaluated them one by one. So in evaluating the students, the teacher give a chance to practice it first.

6 5. Closing In this section, teacher gave suggestion and teacher also gave a chance to practice speaking in daily activities. The purpose is the students can fluent to speak English.