TBM Excavation in Difficult Ground Conditions

Transcription

1 TBM Excavation in Difficult Ground Conditions Case Studies from Turkey Bearbeitet von Nuh Bilgin, Hanifi Copur, Cemal Balci 1. Auflage Buch. 354 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 17 x 24 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Bauingenieurwesen > Boden- und Felsmechanik, Geotechnik Zu Leseprobe und Sachverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Table of contents Preface... VII Acknowledgements... About the Authors... 1 Introduction Geology of Turkey and Istanbul, expected problems, some cuttability characteristics of the rocks Introduction Geology of Turkey Geology of Istanbul TBM performance in different projects in Istanbul Description of geological formations in Istanbul, physical and mechanical properties The stratigraphy of Istanbul and description of geologic formations Typical frequency of RQD and GSI in the geological formations in Istanbul Physical and mechanical properties of rocks taken from different geological formations Schmidt hammer tests carried out in station tunnels in Uskudar Umraniye metro line Full-scale linear rock cutting tests with disc cutters in rock samples collected from different projects in Istanbul Description of laboratory full-scale linear rock cutting test Testing methodology and test results Comparison of laboratory full-scale linear rock cutting test results with in-situ cutter performance the effect of rock discontinuities Conclusions References Difficult ground conditions dictating selection of TBM type in Istanbul Introduction Case study of open TBM in complex geology (1989), in Baltalimani tunnel: Why open type TBM failed Collapse between chainage and km Collapse between chainage and km Collapse between chainage and km Collapse between chainage and km Double shield TBM in the Istanbul Moda collector tunnel, 1989/ Double shield TBM working without precast segment, difficulties in difficult ground: Tuzla-Dragos tunnel in Istanbul Difficulties in using slurry TBMs in complicated geology, Marmaray tunnel project XIII IX XI ftoc.indd :39:33

3 XIV Table of contents 3.6 Difficulties in single-shield TBM working in open mode in complex geology: An example from Kadikoy Kartal metro tunnel Eurasia tunnel excavated by a large diameter slurry TBM Conclusions References Difficult ground conditions affecting performance of EPB-TBMs Introduction Factors affecting performance of EPB-TBMs Performance prediction of EPM TBMs in difficult ground conditions A model to predict the performance of EPB-TBMs in difficult ground conditions Estimation of optimum specific energy from full-scale laboratory cutting experiments Estimation of optimum field specific energy Estimation of machine utilization time Numerical example to estimate daily advance rate of an EPB-TBM Comparison of predicted and realized EPB-TBM performance values Verification and modification of the model for silty-clay and sand in the Mahmutbey Mecidiyekoy metro tunnels Conclusions References Selection of cutter type for difficult ground conditions Introduction Comparative studies of different type of cutters for Tuzla Dragos tunnel in Istanbul test procedure and results Efficiency of chisel cutters as against disc cutters The inefficient use of tungsten carbide studded disc cutters in the Marmaray Istanbul project Conclusions References Effects of North and East Anatolian Faults on TBM performances Introduction Kargi tunnel Gerede tunnel Dogancay energy tunnel Nurdagi railway tunnel Uluabat energy tunnel Tunnels excavated by drill and blast methods Ayas Tunnel: the most difficult tunnel in Turkey affected by North Anatolian Fault Bolu tunnel Conclusions ftoc.indd :39:33

4 Table of contents XV References Effect of blocky ground on TBM performance and the mechanism of rock rupture Introduction Mechanism of rock rupture and face collapse in front of the TBM in the Kozyatagi Kadikoy metro tunnels in Istanbul Kozyatagi and Kadikoy metro tunnels and problems related to blocky ground Mechanism of rock rupture and face collapse in front of the TBM Other factors affecting the efficiency of tunnel excavation on the Kozyatagi Kadikoy metro line Conclusions References Effects of transition zones, dykes, fault zones and rock discontinuities on TBM performance Introduction Beykoz sewerage tunnel Description of the project Geology of the area Description of the TBM Effect of rock formation on chip formation and machine utilization time Effect of dykes on tunnel face collapse and TBM blockage Effect of transition zones on TBM performance Effect of fault zones on TBM performance Kartal Kadikoy metro tunnels, methodology of understanding critical zones Geology and physical and mechanical properties of rocks Mechanism of face collapse and TBM blockages Change of TBM performance in problematic areas Conclusions References Squeezing grounds and their effects on TBM performance Introduction Basic works carried out on squeezing ground Uluabat tunnel Description of the project Geology of the project area Description of the TBM used and the general performance Effect of TBM waiting time on squeezing Effect of bentonite application on TBM squeezing Conclusions Kargi Tunnel Squeezing of the cutterhead and related problems ftoc.indd :39:33

5 XVI Table of contents Effect of Q values on squeezing of TBM Discussions and conclusions on TBM swelling in Kargi project References Clogging of the TBM cutterhead Introduction What is clogging of a TBM cutterhead and what are the clogging materials? Testing clogging effects of the ground Mitigation programs to eliminate clogging Clogging of TBMs in Turkish projects Suruc Project Selimpasa sewerage tunnel in Istanbul Zeytinburnu Ayvalidere-2 wastewater tunnel project Conclusions References Effect of high strength rocks on TBM performance Introduction Beykoz sewerage tunnel, replacing CCS disc cutters with V-type disc cutters to overcome undesirable limits of penetration for a maximum limit of TBM thrust Nurdagi tunnel, full-scale cutting tests to obtain optimum TBM design parameters in very high strength and abrasive rock formation Beylerbeyi Kucuksu wastewater tunnel, TBM performance in high strength rock formation Tuzla-Akfirat wastewater tunnel, TBM performance in high strength rocks Conclusions References Effect of high abrasivity on TBM performance Introduction Determination of the abrasivity Empirical prediction methods for disc cutter consumption Colorado School of Mines (CSM) model for CCS type 17-inch single-disc cutters Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTNU) model Maidl et al. (2008) model for CCS type 17-inch single-disc cutters Frenzel (2011) model for CCS type 17-inch single-disc cutters Gumus et al. (2016) model for CCS type 12-inch monoblock double-disc cutters of an EPB-TBM Examples of cutter consumptions on TBMs in Turkey Tuzla-Akfirat wastewater project in Istanbul Yamanli II HEPP project in Adana Beykoz wastewater project in Istanbul ftoc.indd :39:33

6 Table of contents XVII Buyukcekmece wastewater tunnel in Istanbul Uskudar Umraniye Cekmekoy Sancaktepe metro tunnel in Istanbul Conclusions References Effect of methane and other gases on TBM performance Properties of methane Selimpasa wastewater tunnel, methane explosion in the pressure chamber of an EPB-TBM Introduction to the Selimpasa wastewater project Occurrence and causes of methane explosion in the Selimpasa wastewater tunnel Consequences of methane explosion in the Selimpasa wastewater tunnel Precautions against methane and excavation performance in the Selimpasa wastewater tunnel Gas flaming in the Silvan irrigation tunnel More gas-related accident examples for mechanized tunneling Conclusions References Probe drilling ahead of TBMs in difficult ground conditions Introduction General information on probe drilling and previous experiences in different countries Melen water tunnel excavated under the Bosphorus in Istanbul Methodology of predicting weak zones ahead in the Melen water tunnel Data analysis and results Kargi energy tunnel General information on the Kargi project Probe drilling operations Analysis of probe drilling data in the Kargi project Conclusions References Application of umbrella arch in the Kargi project Introduction General concept of umbrella arch and worldwide application Methodology of using umbrella arch in the Kargi project Criteria used for umbrella arch in the Kargi project and the results Conclusions References Index ftoc.indd :39:33

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