Chapter 3. European Harmonised Standards. Contents 3.0 Background to the European harmonised standards. 3.1 Identification

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 Contents 3.0 Background to the European harmonised standards 3.1 Identification 3.2 Classification A standards EN EN 292-1/ EN B standards C standards 3.3 An American view List of standards

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3 2 3.0 Background to the European harmonised standards The standards prepared by the European standardisation bodies CEN and CENELEC are common to all European community and EFTA countries. These standards were introduced in order to help machinery manufacturers conform to the requirements of the regulations. Generally speaking, the authorities will assume that any machine manufactured to conform to the published European standards will comply with the Essential Health and Safety Requirements covered by those standards. 61

4 3.1 Identification may have a number of different prefixes: 62 jwg pren EN BS EN jwg The joint working group prefix is normally followed by a number. A joint working group meets to evolve a new or updated standard and consists of a team of experts with an interest in the subject, for example, development engineers for product-related information, representatives of the standards institutions, health and safety executives. pren This stands for provisional euronorm and is a draft European standard. This is a standard issued for comment before ratification. EN The euronorm is the official European standard. BS EN The BS prefix in front of the euronorm number denotes that the British Institution has reviewed the EN standard and has made any grammatical changes necessary to avoid confusion. Please note that this guide does not show the BS prefix, referring solely to the euronorm description.

5 3.2 Classification The standards have to be classified into three sections: A, B and C A standards The A standards apply to all machinery and provide essential information for all machine builders. There are three A standards that relate to machine safety: 63 EN 414 EN 292 Parts 1 and 2 EN EN 414 Entitled Safety of machinery. Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards. This is effectively the standard for standards, and evolved so that there could be conformity in the way standards are written EN 292 Parts 1 and 2 Entitled Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. This standard defines the concepts of machine safety and specifies the general principles and techniques to help machine designers achieve safety EN 1050 Entitled Safety of machinery. Principles for risk assessment. This standard describes how to assess the risk of injury or damage to health, so that appropriate safety measures can be selected.

6 3.2.2 B standards B standards are subdivided into two sections: 64 Group B1 covers safety aspects for design, e.g. electrical equipment, safety distances, safety-related controls. These standards always apply. Group B2 covers safety components and devices, e.g. light curtains, mechanical guards, pressure mats and two-hand controls. These standards are applied when required C standards These standards identify specific types or groups of machinery and inform manufacturers and users about the specific safety precautions they should take and safety devices they should use. 5

7 6 3.3 An American view Other world-wide standards bodies such as IEC, ISO and, significantly, the American national standards body ANSI, are now reaching agreement with CEN and CENELEC in order to reach common, world-wide standards. The European requirement is already very similar to that required by the American National Institute (ANSI), as the following extracts from the Control Reliability Regulations show: OSHA (b)(13) Control Reliability The control system shall be constructed so that a failure within the system does not prevent the normal stopping action from being applied to the equipment when required, but does prevent initiation of a successive stroke until the failure is corrected. The failure shall be detectable by a simple test, or indicated by the control system. This requirement does not apply to those elements of the control system which have no effect on the protection against point of operation injuries. ANSI B Section 2.12 Definitions Control reliability is defined as a method of ensuring the integrity of the performance of guards, devices or control systems. ANSI B Section Control Reliability When required by the performance requirements of the safeguarding, the device system or interface shall be designed, constructed and installed so that a single component within the device, interface or system shall not prevent the normal stopping action from taking place, but shall prevent a successive machine cycle. This requirement does not apply to those components 65

8 whose function does not affect the safe operation of the machine tool. Further reference is made in ANSI B11.19 Section (1996). 66 ANSI B Section 6.13 Control Component Failure Protection The control system shall be designed, constructed and installed so that a single control component failure within the system does not prevent the stopping action from taking place, but will prevent successive system cycles until the failure has been corrected. This requirement only applies to those components whose failure can result in a hazardous condition.

9 3.4 List of standards The following table lists some of the main standards supporting the Machinery Directive. Standard EN 201 EN EN EN 294 EN 349 EN 414 EN 418 EN 422 EN 457 Description Rubber and plastics machines. Injection moulding machines. Safety requirements. Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Basic terminology, methodology. Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Technical principles and specification. Safety of machinery. Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. Safety of machinery. Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body. Safety of machinery. Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards. Safety of machinery. Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects. Principles for design. Rubber and plastics. Machines. Safety. Blow moulding machines intended for the production of hollow articles. Requirements for the design and construction. Safety of machinery. Auditory danger signals. General requirements, design and testing. 67

10 68 Standard EN EN EN 563 EN 574 EN 614 EN EN 626 EN EN EN 689 EN 692 Description Safety of machinery. Human body measurements, etc. Part 1: principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery. Safety of machinery. Human body measurements, etc. Part 2: principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings. Safety of machinery. Temperatures of touchable surfaces. Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces. Safety of machinery. Two-hand controls. Safety of machinery. Ergonomic design principles. Safety of machinery. Ergonomic design principles. Part 1: terminology and general principles. Safety of machinery. Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery. Safety of machinery. Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery. Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers. Safety of machinery. Reduction of risk to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery. Methodology leading to verification procedures. Workplace atmospheres. Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy. Mechanical presses. Safety.

11 Standard pren 693 EN 811 EN 842 EN EN EN EN 953 EN pren EN 981 EN 982 EN 983 Description Hydraulic presses. Safety. Safety of machinery. Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower limbs. Safety of machinery. Visual danger signals. General requirements, design and testing. Safety of machinery. Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators. General principles for human interactions with control and display actuators. Safety of machinery. Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators. Displays. Safety of machinery. Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators. Control actuators. Safety of machinery. Guards. General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards. Safety of machinery. Safety related parts of control systems. Part 1: general principles for design. Safety of machinery. Safety related parts of control systems. Validation. Safety of machinery. System of auditory and visual danger and information signals. Safety of machinery. Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components. Hydraulics. Safety of machinery. Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components. Pneumatics. 69

12 70 Standard pren 999 pren pren pren pren EN 1032 EN 1037 EN 1050 EN 1088 EN Description Safety of machinery. Hand/arm speed. Approach speed of parts of the body for the positioning of safety devices. Safety of machinery. Human physical performance. Part one: terms and definitions. Safety of machinery. Human physical performance. Part two: manual handling of objects associated to machinery. Safety of machinery. Human physical performance. Part three: recommended force limits for machinery operation. Hand-arm vibration. Guidelines for vibration hazard reduction. Part 1: engineering methods by design of machinery. Mechanical vibration. Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the whole-body vibration emission value. General requirements. Safety of machinery. Prevention of unexpected start-up. Safety of machinery. Principles for risk assessment. Safety of machinery. Interlocking devices associated with guards. Principles for design and selection. Safety of machinery. Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances. Part one: selection of test methods.

13 Standard EN EN EN EN 1299 pren Description Safety of machinery. Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances. Part three: emission rate of a real specified pollutant. Bench test method using the real pollutant. Safety of machinery. Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances. Part four: capture efficiency of an exhaust system. Tracer method. Explosive atmospheres. Explosion prevention and protection. Basic concepts and methodology. Mechanical vibration and shock. Vibration isolation of machines. Information for the application of source isolation. Hydraulic press brakes. Safety. pren Acoustics. Noise control. Guidelines for the design of low-noise workplaces. Part 1: noise control strategies. pren Safety of machinery. Indicating, marking and actuating principles. Part 1: visual, audible and tactile signals. pren Safety of machinery. Indicating, marking and actuating principles. Part 2: marking principles. pren Safety of machinery. Electrosensitive protective devices. Part 1: general requirements and tests. pren Electronic equipment for use in power installations. pren Power installations exceeding 1 kv AC. EN Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification. Coding principles for indication devices and actuators. 71

14 72 Standard EN EN EN EN EN Description Safety of machinery. Electrical equipment of machines. Specification for general requirements. Industrial-process measurement and control. Evaluation of system properties for the purpose of system assessment. General considerations and methodology. IEC : Safety of machinery. Indication, marking and actuation. Part 1: requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals. IEC : Safety of machinery. Indication, marking actuation. Part 2: requirements for marking. Safety of machinery. Electrosensitive protective equipment. General requirements and tests.