Historical Background of Israel in the NT

Transcription

1 Historical Background of Israel in the NT Synthesis of the New Testament Arturo Pérez

2 Why studying history of Israel? The Christianity received from the Judaism most of its content from a historical perspective. Jesus was a Jew, as Paul and all the first Christians were. The doctrine, the practice, the psychology, and the experience of the First century Christianity was predominantly Jewish, although it was constantly advancing toward Hellenism. Therefore, you can t start studying the New Testament without taking into consideration its Jewish background. (H.E. Dana. The World of the New Testament )

3 Content Historical Background of Israel in the NT Israel from Abraham to Solomon. Kingdom s Division (Israel y Judah). The Jewish Captivity (the exile). Political History around Israel. Babylonian Empire Persian Empire Greek Empire Roman Empire

4 Political Map Current Israel Political Capital city: Tel Aviv-Yafo Jerusalem today is shared with Arabian Palestine and the Jewish territory in the modern Israel.

5 History of Israel since Abraham s time. Abraham Isaac Jacob Joseph in Egypt Exodus of Moses Joshua Judges Samuel Saul, the 1 st King David ( a.C.) Jeroboam Capital: Samaria (10 Tribes of Israel) Northern Kingdom EPHRAIM Solomon 931 B.C. Rehoboam Capital: Jerusalem (Judah y Benjamin) Southern Kingdom JUDAH

6 DAVID BC Solomon BC Israel in Jesus Times

7 Northern & Southern Division 931 a.c. Israel North. (Ephraim) Capital: Samaria. 10 tribes of Israel ( BC.) 209 yrs Conquered by Assyria (722 BC) Judah South. Capital: Jerusalem 2 tribes: Judah, Benjamin. ( a.c.) 326 yrs Conquered by Babylon (605 BC)

8 Content Historical Background of Israel in the NT Israel from Abraham to Solomon. Kingdom s Division (Israel y Judah). The Jewish Captivity (the exile). Political History around Israel. Babylonian Empire Persian Empire Greek Empire Roman Empire

9 Chronology of Jewish Captivity Northern Israel falls under Assyrian Emp. 722 BC Assyria takes on Egypt. 1st Deportation in Judah: Daniel and friends 605B.C 2nd Deportation in Judah: Jehoiachin & 10,000 more. 3rd Deportation: complete destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple 586 BC Zerubbabel led 1st group 42 Thous. Jews by Cyrus 537 B.C. 931 B.C. 722 B.C. 671 B.C. 612B.C. 605 B.C. 600 B.C. 597 B.C. 586 B.C 538 B.C. 444 B.C. 715 B.C. 687 B.C. Isaiah s Prophesy 931 B.C. Kingdom s split: North Israel South- Judah Fall of Assyria by Babylon Babylon Hanging Gardens building 600 B.C B.C. Ezekiel s prophesy Fall of Babylon under Cyrus and Darius Medo-Persian Kingdom 538 B.C. Nehemiah goes to Jersusalem by Artaxerxes

10 Cronology from Cyrus until Rome Intertestamental Period around 430 B.C. until John the Baptist (400 years of silence from Malachi 430 a.c. to the events related by Luke) 2nd Group: Ezra 458 B.C. (Ezr.7:7) 3rd group: Nehemiah travels to rebuild walls in Jersusalem by Artaxerxes 444B.C Alexander the Great ( B.C.) Ptolemy II Philadephus ( B.C.) Septuagint Desecration of Antiochus Ephiphanes in Temple 168 a.c. Herod the Great (37 4 a.c.) 537 B.C. 444 B.C. 350 B.C. 333 B.C. 285 B.C. 198 B.C. 168 B.C. 63 B.C. 37B.C. 6 A.D. 520 B.C. Prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah 430 a.c. Malachi s prophesy Maccabean Revolt ( B.C.) Pompey takes on Judea (63 B.C.) Jesus Birth 1st Group: Zerubbabel led 42 thousand Jews back in 537 B.C. by Cyrus decree (Ezr.1:3, 5) Judea forms a theocratic state with autonomy in currency: the dracma Ptolemies ( B.C.) Seleucids ( B.C.) Hellenism ( B.C.) Hasmonean s Dynasty ( B.C.) Roman Empire Pompey 63 BC

11 Intertestamental Period 430 B.C. until John the Baptist 400 years of silence from Malachi to events told by Luke 1. There were no prophesy from God in 400 years. But the hand of God was working effectively all the time. Fulfillment of Daniel Prophesy BABYLON B.C. Head of Gold PERSIA B.C. Breast of Silver GREECE B.C. Thighs of Brass Ptolemies and Seleucids ROME B.C.168 A.D.476 Legs of Iron Pompey takes on Judea on 63 B.C.

12 Summary of important Dates (1 of 2) 931 B.C. Israel s kingdom division (Ephraim vs. Judah) 722 B.C. Fall of Northern kingdom (Israel) by Assyria. 605 B.C. Fall of Souther kingdom (Judah) by Babylon st deportation. Daniel and his friends nd deportation. Babylon rd deportation. Destruction of Temple. 538 B.C. Cyrus the Persian takes Babylon. 537 B.C. Cyrus decree. Jews return to rebuild the city, the walls, and the temple by 424 a.c. Medo-Persian 538 B.C. 332 B.C.

13 Summary of important Dates (2 of 2) 430 B.C. until John Baptist, 400 years of silence. Intertestamental period= Malachi to Luke s event. Greek (Ptolemies and Seleucid) 332 B.C. to 63 B.C. Ptolemies -> Egypt (322 B.C. 198 B.C.) Seleucid-> Syria (198 B.C. 168 B.C.) Antiochus IV Epiphanes desecrates Jews temple Maccabean Revolt (Mattathias, Judas, Jonathan, Simon, John, and Eleazar) Hasmonean 142 B.C. al 37 B.C. Pompey 63 B.C. takes Palestine for Rome Herods the Great 37 B.C. to 4 B.C.

14 Conclusion The Lord is building a kingdom of redeemed people for their joy and for His own glory. This kingdom is everlasting His kingdom is at hand, today, available for you; but it is in the phase of planting. His kingdom will be manifested with the returning king in a phase of harvest. Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand (Mat. 3:22)

15 Next Subjects An Introduction to the Bible Historical Background of Israel in the NT Next The World of the New Testament Notes for this class

16 Appendix

17 Assyrian Emprire Isaiah (Dead of King Uzziah) Northern Israel (Samaria) Falls Under Assyria 722 B.C. Jeremiah 722 B.C. 612 B.C. Assyrian fall under Babylon 612 B.C.

18 Babylonian Empire Ezekiel Daniel Prophecies B.C. 612 B.C. 605 B.C 538 BC. Fall of (Samaria) Northern Israel under Assyria 722 B.C. Assyrian fall under Babylon 612 B.C. Jerusalem s first invasion by Babylon 605 BC Fall of Babylon by Medo-Persian empire (Cyrus) 538 BC

19 Medo-Persian Empire 722 B.C Zerubbabel 537 BC Ezra 458 BC. 444 B.C. 323 BC. Assyria Babylon Jerusalem s first invasion by Babylon 605 BC Medo-Persian Fall of Babylon by Medo- Persian empire (Cyrus) 538 BC Nehemiah Alexander

20 Greek Empire (Ptolomies y Seleucids) 444 B.C. 323 B.C. 198 B.C. 168 B.C. 142 A.C. 63 A.C. Medo-Persian Hellenism Nehemiah Alexander Ptolomies Seleucids Macabeans Hasmonean Pompey

21 Roman Empire 322 B.C. 275 B.C. 198 B.C. 168 B.C. 146 B.C. 86aC 63 a.c a.C. 27a.C. 6a.C. 12d.C. 40d.C. Helenismo Cae Atenas Octavius (Augustus) Emperor Roma Republic of ROME Roma toma Siria, Corinto Cleopatra queen of Egypt Jesus Birth Tiberius Caligula Ptolomies Seleucids Maccabeans Hasmonean Pomey takes on Palestine

22 CARCHEMISH HARAN ALEPO REZEF NINIVEH TEL-ABIB TEL-MELÁ TEL-ARSHA MEGUIDDO BABYLON NIPUR ON JERUSALEM AREA FOR JEWS UR EGYPT THEBES NEBUCHADNEZZAR INVADES JERUSALeM 605 / 597 / 586 a.c.

23 Jerusalem Temple (Herod s)

24 Current place: Dome of the Rock