Marcela Meléndez !!!! ! 1

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1 Marcela Meléndez Carrera 7 No. 79B-15, Office 401 Bogotá D.C., Colombia Tel.: (571) Fax: (571) marcela.melendez@econestudio.com EDUCATION Ph.D., Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, May 2002 Master, Public and Private Management, Yale School of Management, New Haven, CT, December Admitted to equivalent degree of M.B.A., B.A., Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, March WORK EXPERIENCE Managing Partner, ECON ESTUDIO, Bogotá, Colombia, 2009-present. Adjunct Professor, Department of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, , 2009-present. Associate Researcher, Fedesarrollo, Bogotá, Colombia, Associate Consultant, Económica Consultores Ltda., Bogotá, Colombia, Research Economist, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC, Deputy Director and Associate Researcher, Fedesarrollo, Bogotá, Colombia, Professor and Researcher, Department of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, Teaching Fellow, Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, Researcher, Fedesarrollo, Bogotá, Colombia, RESEARCH AND CONSULTING Fields of interest Antitrust and Competition Policy; Regulation of Infrastructure Services; Policy design and evaluation; Applied analysis of micro-data; Productivity; Political Economy; Poverty and Inequality. 1

2 Publications Books and chapters in books The emergence of fresh cut-flower exports in Colombia (with María Angélica Arbeláez and Nicolás León). Chapter in Export pioneers in Latin America, Ed. Charles Sabel, Eduardo Fernandez-Arias, Ricardo Hausmann, Andrés Rodríguez-Clare and Ernesto Stein, Inter American Development Bank and David Rokefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University, La política industrial en Colombia (with Guillermo Perry). Chapter in Desafíos del crecimiento en Colombia: Políticas deficientes o insuficientes?, Ed. Fidel Jaramillo, Inter American Development Bank and Fedesarrollo, Revisando de nuevo el crecimiento económico en Colombia: Una perspectiva microeconómica (with Arturo Harker). Chapter in Desafíos del crecimiento en Colombia: Políticas deficientes o insuficientes?, Ed. Fidel Jaramillo, Inter American Development Bank and Fedesarrollo, Agricultural subsidies, trade barriers and poverty: Household micro-simulation for Colombia (with Felipe Barrera). Chapter in Global Exchange and Poverty, Trade, Investment and Migration Robert E.B. Lucas, Lyn Squire, T.N. Srinivasan and Samuel C. Park, Jr. Editors. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cómo los grupos de interés influyen sobre las políticas de productividad (with Marcela Eslava). Chapter in Consecuencias imprevistas de la Constitución de 1991: La influencia de la política en las políticas económicas, Eds. Eduado Lora and Carlos Scartascini. Alfaomega Colombiana S.A., Análisis de competencia en la industria colombiana de cigarrillos (with Tatiana Vásquez). Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, Volume 28, Development of Colombian bond markets (with Mauricio Cárdenas, Natalia Salazar and Camila Aguilar). Chapter in Bond Markets in Latin America, On the Verge of a Big Bang? Eduardo Borensztein, Kevin Cowan, Barry Eichengreen and Ugo Panizza Editors. MIT Press, 2008 Colombia (with Andrés Gómez-Lobo). Chapter in "Social Policies and Private Sector Participation in Water Supply ", Ed. Naren Prasad. Palgrave Mc Millan, La política social de telecomunicaciones en Colombia (with Andrés Gómez- Lobo). Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, Volume 23, Protección a la propiedad intelectual en el sector de medicamentos (with Juan Pablo Uribe, Gabriel Carrasquilla and Emilio Archila). Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, Volume 21, El sector de materiales de Construcción en Bogotá y Cundinamarca (with Camila Aguilar and Nicolás León). Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, Volume 20, La infraestructura de transporte en Colombia (with Mauricio Cárdenas and Alejandro Gaviria). Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, Volume 17, Evaluación del impacto del TLC entre Colombia y Estados Unidos en la economía del Valle del Cauca (with Camila Casas and Nicolás León). Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, Volume 16,

3 Journal articles La competencia en el mercado de las Cajas de Compensación Familiar (with Fabio Sanchez). Coyuntura Social, Nos. 38 y 39, June - December Subsidios al consumo de los servicios públicos: reflexiones a partir del caso Colombiano, Perspectivas, Vol. 6, No. 1, June Gobierno y sector privado: oponentes o aliados en el proceso de desarrollo (with María Angélica Arbeláez). Coyuntura Económica, Vol. XXXVI, No. 2, II La productividad del sector manufacturero colombiano y el impacto de la política comercial: (with Katja Seim). Desarrollo y Sociedad, No. 57, March Subsidios al consumo de los servicios públicos en Colombia Hacia donde movernos?. Coyuntura Social, No. 33, December Herramientas y políticas para reducir impactos negativos de cambios estructurales (with Ricardo Paredes). Coyuntura Económica, Vol. XXXV, No. 1, I Other publications Comment on Competition in the Chilean banking sector: a cross-country comparison, by M. Karasulu. Economia (2007), the journal of the Latin American Economics Association. Research papers Equity Diagnostics for Colombia (with Francisco H.G. Ferreira and Paula Mejía). Background paper for the Mission on Equity and Social Mobility of Colombia, Global production networks: Colombian case studies (with María José Uribe). Project financed by the IDB Integration and Trade Sector and INTAL, manuscript, Middle-Class Entrepreneurs and the Inadequate Prospects of Social Mobility through Entrepreneurship in Colombia. (with Paula Mejía), IDB manuscript. Credit, Labor Informality and Firm Performance in Colombia (with Lorena Caro and Arturo Galindo), IDB Working Paper Series, No. IDB-WP-325, Second-tier development banks and access to credit: Micro evidence from Colombia (with Marcela Eslava and Alessandro Maffioli), IDB manuscript. The Effect of Partial Credit Guarantees on Firm Performance: the Case of the Colombian National Guarantee Fund (with Irani Arraiz and Rodolfo Stucchi), IDB manuscript. Second-tier development banks and firm performance: Micro evidence from Colombia (with Marcela Eslava and Alessandro Maffioli), IDB Working Paper No. IDB-WP-294 3

4 Public support to innovation: the Colombian Colciencias experience (with Gustavo Crespi and Alessandro Maffioli), IDB Technical Note No. IDB-TN Corporate tax stimulus and investment in Colombia (with Arturo Galindo), IDB Working Paper Series No. IDB-WP-173, Politics, policies, and the dynamics of aggregate productivity in Colombia (with Marcela Eslava), IDB Working Paper No.687 RG-K1097, Industrial Policies in Colombia (with Guillermo Perry), Fedesarrollo Working Paper No Competitiveness and growth in Latin America and the Caribbean: Revisiting economic growth in Colombia a microeconomic perspective (with Arturo Harker), IDB Working Paper No. CSI-112, CO-P1082, The emergence of new successful export activities in Latin America: the case of Colombia (with María Angélica Arbeláez), manuscript, IDB, Social policies and private sector participation in water supply - the case of Colombia (with Andrés Gómez-Lobo). UNRISD Draft Working Document. Trade policy reform and productivity: the Colombian manufacturing sector from 1977 to 2001 (with Katja Seim), manuscript, Fedesarrollo, Productivity dynamics of the Colombian manufacturing sector (with Pablo Medina and Katja Seim). CEDE Working Paper No La dinámica de la productividad en el sector de alimentos (with Pablo Medina and Diana Kassem). CEDE Working Paper A Dynamic Model of Vertical Integration for the American Pulp and Paper Industry, Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, CEDE Working Paper No Research in progress Social spending, taxes and income redistribution in Colombia (with María José Uribe). Caring for Equity (CEQ) project. Coordinator: Nora Lustig, in progress. Public-private collaboration for productive development policies in Colombia (with Marcela Eslava and Guillermo Perry). Project funded by the IDB Research Network, in progress. Payroll taxes and labor demand: evidence from Colombia (with Carmen Pagés- Serra). Formalization Policy Experiments (with Sebastián Galiani). Project financed by IDB-MAP Research grant. Impact evaluation of exports services policy programs in Colombia (with Irani Arraiz and Rodolfo Stucchi. Consulting projects Competition and government intervention in the Colombian liquid fuels industry (with Carlos Caballero and Ricardo Paredes). Project for Asociación Colombiana del Petróleo, ACP. In progress. Competitiveness of the Colombian natural gas industry (with Alberto Brugman, Pablo Roda and Guillermo Perry). Project for NATURGAS. In progress. 4

5 Development of a conceptual framework to guide government intervention in the marketplace (with Emilio Archila and Luis Alberto Zuleta). Project for the National Planning Department of Colombia Competitiveness of the Colombian fashion industry. Project for Inexmoda Economics of two sided markets: application to payment cards markets (with David Bardey). Project for ASOBANCARIA CEDE Working Paper No. 27, Analysis of procedures for public purchases (with María José Uribe). Project funded by the IDB for the National Planning Department of Colombia Impact Evaluation of Hogar Digital Fase 1: Baseline and experiment design. Project for Fundación Mario Santo Domingo and the Ministry of Communications of Colombia (with Raquel Bernal) Support to the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism in definition of policy for Colombian direct investment abroad (with María José Uribe) Competition in the Colombia Health Sector (with David Bardey, Darío Maldonado and Manuel Ramírez). Study for Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, funded by the European Union Natural gas regulation: revision of the Colombian case (with Alberto Brugman, Guillermo Perry and Pablo Roda). Study for Naturgas, Economic advisory to Ministry of Communications of Colombia on implementation of aspects of Law 1341 of 2009, Competition in the Colombian broadband wholesale markets. Study for the National Planning Department and the Communications Regulatory Commission (CRC), Economic advisory to the Guatemalan sugar industry on antitrust issues (with Alfonso Miranda), Economic advisory to Cemento Panamá S.A. in development of After Action Review of clinker supply contract (with Alfonso Miranda), Competition in the Colombian cigarette industry: potential implications of a horizontal merger (with Tatiana Vásquez). Study for British American Tobacco (BAT), Fedesarrollo, Antitrust policy in Ecuador: scope and implications (with Alfonso Miranda and Moeller, Gómez-Lince & Cía.), Advisory to Cervecería Nacional (SAB Miller - Ecuador). Identifying industrial policy programs for impact evaluation in Colombia, Study for the Inter American Development Bank (IDB). Methodological note on linking DANE Surveys data to provide economy-wide productivity measures, Study for the Inter American Development Bank (IDB) and DANE. Market definition and significant market power in the Colombian telecommunications sector (with Pablo Roda), Económica Consultores Ltda., Overview of the water and sanitation sector of Dominican Republic (with Pablo Roda). Económica Consultores Ltda. Study for the Inter American Development Bank (IDB), Subsidies to the consumption of natural gas in Colombia (with Ana Maria Ferreira), Económica Consultores Ltda. Study for Naturgas,

6 Relevant markets for ex ante regulation in the Colombian telecommunications sector (advisor to CINTEL), Económica Consultores Ltda., Design of baseline methodology to evaluate the efficiency of a set of public institutions (with Carlos Caballero, Jorge Baldrich, Camila Aguilar, Nicolás León and Nicolás González). Study for the National Planning Department of Colombia and PNUD, Fedesarrollo, Mobile phone payments in Colombia (with Camila Casas). Study for the Ministry of Finance of Colombia, Fedesarrollo, A flat Value Added Tax for automobiles in Colombia (with Nicolás León). Study for the National Industry Association (ANDI), Fedesarrollo, Evaluation of the Andean trade agreement for the automobile sector (with Ricardo Paredes). Study for the Ministry of Trade of Colombia, Fedesarrollo, 2005 Provision of infrastructure services to marginal and not inter-connected areas. Background paper for the World Bank s Recent Developments in Infrastructure (REDI) project, Fedesarrollo, Subsidies in the provision of energy, water and telecommunication services (with Camila Casas and Pablo Medina). Background paper for the World Bank s Recent Developments in Infrastructure (REDI) project, Fedesarrollo, Price-fixing in the rice market. Economic concept for antitrust case, Fedesarrollo, Market structure and price-cost margins in the cement industry. Economic concept for antitrust case, Fedesarrollo, Impact of the FTA between Colombia and U.S.A. on Bogotá-Cundinamarca (with Mauricio Cárdenas, Mauricio Reina, Cristina Gamboa and Ramiro Guerrero). Study for Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá, Fedesarrollo, Impact of the FTA Colombia-U.S.A (with Mauricio Cárdenas). Study for the Ministry of Trade of Colombia. In charge of chapter Impact of free trade on productivity, Fedesarrollo, Tools for industrial reconversion in contexts of structural change (with Ricardo Paredes). Study for USAID, Department of Economics, Uniandes, Exercise of market power in the Cajas de Compensación market in Colombia. Study for the Inter American Development Bank, Department of Economics, Uniandes, Market Failures in the micro, small and medium enterprise markets in Colombia. Study for the World Bank, Department of Economics, Uniandes, Estudio sobre la inserción de la gestión ambiental en las políticas sectoriales Casos de Bolivia y Colombia (with Eduardo Uribe). Study for the Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Economics, Uniandes, CEDE Working Paper No (case of Colombia). OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND EMPLOYMENT Codirector (with Armando Montenegro), Mission of Equity and Social Mobility of Colombia,

7 Associate editor Foco Económico ( Economic advisor to the Colombian Communications Regulatory Commission, CRC, (2008, December ). Academic director, Executive Course Private participation in the provision of transport infrastructure, Department of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Summer Secretary of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA), July 2005-October Member of the editorial committee of Ensayos Sobre Política Económica (ESPE), journal of the Central Bank of Colombia, Courses taught: Industrial Organization ( ); Microeconomics ( , 2003); Regulation of Infrastructure Services (2003); Competition Policy (2009, 2010); Competition and Regulation (2011, 2012). Member of the Latin American Universities Regulation and Infrastructure Network (LAURIN), Academic director, Executive Course Design and Management of Transport Concessions, Department of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Head, Planning Office Ministry of Justice, Bogotá, Colombia, Junior Economist, National Finance and Fiscal Council (CONFIS), Ministry of Finance, Bogotá, Colombia, AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS Inter-American Development Bank Research Network grant, study on Public private collaboration for the design of industrial policies, Inter-American Development Bank, MAP research grant, Formalization policy experiments, Inter-American Development Bank Country Studies Initiative grant, study on The political economy of productivity, Inter-American Development Bank Country Studies Initiative grant, study on Industrial policies in Latin America, Inter-American Development Bank Research Network grant, study on The emergence of new successful export activities in Latin America, Inter-American Development Bank Research Network grant, study on The Development of Latin American Bond Markets, Global Development Network grant, study on Impact of Rich Country Policies on Poverty: A Global View, Inter-American Development Bank Research Network grant, study on Market Institutions, Labor Market Dynamics, Growth and Productivity: An Analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean, Yale University Graduate Fellowship, Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (COLCIENCIAS) Graduate Scholarship, Central Bank of Colombia Graduate Scholarship, Updated September