Note ISBN E/25,000/2004. Copyright United Nations Population Fund 2004 All rights reserved

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3 Note The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations Population Fund concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The present volume has been edited and consolidated in accordance with United Nations practice and requirements. ISBN E/25,000/2004 Copyright United Nations Population Fund 2004 All rights reserved

4 Foreword On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development, UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is pleased to issue this pocket edition of the ICPD Programme of Action, which was adopted by 179 governments in 1994, and the Key Actions for its further implementation, which were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in July The Cairo Conference, held from 5 to 13 September 1994, was the largest intergovernmental conference on population and development ever held. A total of 11,000 participants from governments, the United Nations, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and the media contributed their expertise to make the Conference a critical success. The Cairo Conference moved population policy and programmes away from a focus on human numbers to a focus on human lives. It put the emphasis where it should be: on improving the lives of individuals, and increasing respect for their human rights. Delegates from all regions and cultures agreed that reproductive health is a basic human right. The Programme of Action underscores the integral and mutually reinforcing linkages between population and development. It urges the empowerment of women both as a highly important end in itself and as a key to improving the quality of life for everyone. At Cairo, the international community reached consensus on three quantitative goals to be achieved by 2015: the reduction of infant, child and maternal mortality; the provision of universal access to education, particularly for girls; and the provision of universal access to a full range of reproductive health services, including family planning. These ICPD goals are reinforced by the agreements of other global United Nations conferences of the 1990s and, most recently, by the Millennium Summit in September Indeed, the ICPD goals are essential for meeting the Millennium Development Goals to reduce widespread poverty, hunger, disease and gender inequality by The Programme of Action estimated that $18.5 billion annually, in national resources and international assistance, would be required by the year 2005 to implement its recommendations, and called on governments to make those resources available. At the midway point, funding iii

5 remains a critical concern, with international donors falling far short of providing their agreed one third share of the required funds. The adoption of the Programme of Action marked the beginning of a new era of commitment and willingness on the part of governments, the international community and civil society to integrate population concerns into all economic and social planning and policy-making. The five-year review showed that the ICPD goals are still valid and that much progress had been made in advancing them. At the same time, it revealed that much greater and urgent action was needed to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, address the sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents and young people, prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, and provide reproductive health care to women and youth in emergency situations. The Key Actions adopted at the special session of the General Assembly affirm the ICPD goals and provide a set of benchmarks for achieving them. It remains our collective task to strengthen and expand initiatives to meet the goals of the Programme of Action so that present and future generations will enjoy a better quality of life. Thoraya Ahmed Obaid Executive Director United Nations Population Fund iv

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22 to children. The child has the right to standards of living adequate

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27 approximately 1 billion and continues to mount. economies in transition face major development obstacles, among including reproductive health services which, in turn, include fam-

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38 they live. Leaders at all levels of the society must speak out and act

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158 Statements and Reservations on the Programme of Action EXPLANATORY NOTE The following statements are not part of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo, 1994). They are part of the record of proceedings contained in the report of the Conference (United Nations publications, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18). They are placed in this booklet for ease of reference.

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167 Written Statements Submitted on the Programme of Action The written statements set out below were submitted to the Conference secretariat for inclusion in the report of the Conference. The representative of Argentina submitted the following written statement: Pursuant to rule 33 of the rules of procedure of the Conference (A/CONF.171/2), the Argentine Republic joins in the general agreement on the Programme of Action. However, we are submitting in writing pursuant to rule 38 the following reservation, and we request that it be included in full in the final report of the Conference. Principles Principle 1 The Argentine Republic accepts Principle 1 on the understanding that life exists from the moment of conception and that from that moment every person, being unique and unreproducible, enjoys the right to life, which is the source of all other individual rights. Chapter V (The family, its roles,.rights, composition and structure) Paragraph 5.1 The Argentine Republic accepts paragraph 5.1 since, although the family may exist in various forms, in no case can its origin and foundation, i.e., the union between man and woman, which produces children, be changed. 156

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