Dominika Doležalová

Transcription

1 Dominika Doležalová

2 Introduction Ethnic groups in Rwanda Conflict between Tutsis and Hutu The aftermath of the ethnic conflict Source: pg

3 Source: t1/congoinafricamap.jpg

4 1994 population stood at more than 7 million people comprising: the Hutu (who made up roughly 85% of the population) the Tutsi (14%) the Twa (1%) Tutsis originally came from Ethiopia, arrived after the Hutu came from Chad Tutsis had greater social status, taller and thinner than Hutu Hutu were seen as the lower-class farming Source: ecovery.weebly.com/uploads/3/ 0/0/5/ / jpg

5 the former colonial power Germany lost possession of Rwanda during the First World War in 1916 the territory was placed under Belgian administration the Belgians produced identity cards classifying people according to their ethnicity the Belgians considered the Tutsis to be superior to the Hutus the Tutsis for the next 20 years enjoyed better jobs and educational opportunities

6 Gregoire Kayibanda led the Hutu "emancipation" movement, founded the political party Parmehutu X Tutsis founded the UNAR party (Rwanda National Union) November 1959 Hutu uprising, hundreds of Tutsi were killed and thousands forced to flee to neighboring countries Hutu Peasant Revolution when around 20,000 Tutsis were massacred January 1961 was declared Republic of Rwanda when the Kaibanda s Parmehutu Party won the majority of parliamentary seats

7 1963 Tutsi started to return to Rwanda, they were suppressed by Hutus July 1973 president Kayibanda was overthrown by Juvénal Habyarimana in a military coup and was claimed for favoring southern Hutus new party National Republican Movement for Development (MRND) was installed under Habyarimana new government held Kayibanda and his wife in a secret location at the end of the 1980s some 480,000 Rwandans had become refugees (Burundi, Uganda, Zaire and Tanzania)

8 Source: ur_vous/dossier_special_deuxieme _Republique/G_M_Juvenal_Habyarim ana.jpg Source: gxmze3/z/hhuaaoxyurzsvtsc/$_35. JPG

9 1988 the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was founded as a political and military movement in Uganda 1 October 1990 the RPF launched a major attack on Rwanda from Uganda with a force of 7,000 fighters all Tutsis inside the country were labeled accomplices of the RPF August 1993 the Arusha peace agreements November 1993 established the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) will to achieve peace was disrupted by some of the Rwandan political parties

10 April 1994 President Habyarimana's plane was shot down (on board Hutu Ntaryamira) Rwandan Army, Hutu Interahamwe killed around 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates Prime Minister, Agathe Uwilingiyimana, ten Belgian peacekeepers and moderate Hutu leaders were murdered by Rwandan government soldiers Source:

11 Source: eteafp.jpg Source: 02.jpg?version=1&modificationDate= &api=v2

12 June 22 French forces led a humanitarian mission called Operation Turquoise, saved hundreds of civilians in South West Rwanda killings continued until 4 July 1994 when the RPF took military control of the entire territory of Rwanda by reaching Kigali government The National Republican Movement for Development (MRND) collapsed a few days later Government of National Unity (under the RPF) was created Source: mages/rwanda2_09_col.jpg 2 million Hutu fled to Zaire where their presence has caused continuing conflict

13 August 1996 were established special genocide courts by 2000, over 100,000 genocide suspects were awaiting trial 2001 the government implemented a participatory justice system known as Gacaca from April 7 to mid-july 1994, an estimated 800,000-1,000,000 Rwandans were killed 2 million Hutus refugees escaped to the Democratic republic of the Congo 500,000 women were raped during the genocide and 400,000 children were orphaned by the genocide and over half are probably HIV-positive

14 Source: 73AA3BC7.jpg Source:

15 BODDY-EVANS, Alistair. The Rwandan Genocide: How did the hatred between Hutu and Tutsi which led to the Genocide develop?. About education [online]. [cit ]. Dostupné z: JOHNSON, Bridget. Why is there conflict between Tutsis and Hutus?. About news [online]. [cit ]. Dostupné z: ROSENBERG, Jennifer. Rwanda Genocide Timeline: A Timeline of the 1994 Genocide in the African Country of Rwanda. About education [online]. [cit ]. Dostupné z: Timeline.htm Rwanda: How the genocide happened. BBC News [online]. 17 May 2011 [cit ]. Dostupné z: Rwanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter. BBC News [online]. 7 April 2014 [cit ]. Dostupné z: Rwanda: A Brief History of the Country. In: Rwanda genocide and United nations [online]. [cit ]. Dostupné z:

16