skytron energy GmbH Ernst Augustin Str. 12 D Berlin Germany, Berlin energy.com
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1 skycontrol Power Plant Control for Utility Scale Photovoltaic Installations skytron energy GmbH Ernst Augustin Str. 12 D Berlin Germany, Berlin energy.com skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 1
2 1. Monitoring, Control and Supervision 2. Control... of what? And Why? 3. Different Control Approaches 4. skytron s Power Plant Controller skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 2
3 Monitoring, Control and Supervision Our Job Monitoring Control Supervision Operation & Maintenance (O & M) Asset Management Your Benefit Plant operation always in view Reduced downtimes Availability tracing Enhanced efficiency and yield Secured investment (ROI) covering the entire power plant! POWER CONVERSION CHAIN skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 3
4 Monitoring, Control and Supervision Power Plant Architecture Data Acquisition Level Plant Control Level Supervisory Level PVGuard Remote SCADA platform for multi vendor multi site power plant supervision skycontrol EnergyGuard skylog Power plant controller for grid stability Energy meter monitoring High resolution real time data logging and Data Acquisition Level preprocessing ArrayGuard Intelligent combiner boxes Field Level skyconni Data Acquisition Level Field sensorics StringGuard String current monitoring skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 4
5 Measurement & Data Acquisition Plant fault / status information Ambient field quantities Electrical field quantities skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 5
6 Remote Plant Supervision skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 6
7 1. Monitoring, Control and Supervision 2. Control... of what? And Why? 3. Different Control Approaches 4. skytron s Power Plant Controller skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 7
8 Utility Scale PV Installations Our Job Monitoring Control Supervision Operation & Maintenance (O & M) Asset Management Your Benefit Plant operation always in view Reduced downtimes Availability tracing Enhanced efficiency and yield Secured investment (ROI) covering the entire power plant! POWER CONVERSION CHAIN skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 8
9 TODAY: Why is Control Required? Distributed bulk power systems feed into an electricity grid which originally was designed for centralized, top down electricity distribution and supply. At low voltage and medium voltage levels Wind power plants Photovoltaic power plants CSP power plants Biogas power plants Tidal wave plant Geothermal plants Source: Siemens AG skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 9
10 The Effect Upon the Electricity Grid Load Solar Wind Water Biomass Geothermal Residual load Daily mean load / generation [GW] Time skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 10
11 Today s Electricity Grid Characteristics Fluctuating load profiles (day, night) Fluctuating energy injection by Renewables due to variable weather conditions Irregular energy injection and energy extraction in sub grids Limited energy transport capacities of historic transmission and distribution grids Limited capabilities of conventional power plants to balance out those fluctuations Grid faults sudden load shedding and short circuits Grid Security Grid Stability Grid security management measures On demand reduction of energy injection in the event of grid overload Decentralized grid stability measures Voltage support Injection of reactive power (cos ø) Frequency stability monitoring Fault ride through Provision of short circuit current (LVFRT) skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 11
12 Grid Stability 0.95 overexcited Improved grid stability thanks to decentralized grid support: Voltage support Injection of reactive power Frequency monitoring The controllable power plant improves the grid quality 0.95 underexcited either instantly, according to actual demand of power supply company or according to an agreed specification skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 12
13 1. Monitoring, Control and Supervision 2. Control... of what? And Why? 3. Different Control Approaches 4. skytron s Power Plant Controller skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 13
14 Power Plant Control: Two Approaches P setpoint Q setpoint + - Controller Plant P actual Q actual Inverter Level Plant Level Typically open loop control Feedback of actual value P, Q? Actual value pick up at injection point: LV Integration in SCADA system possible? Closed loop control Feedback of actual value P, Q: Yes Actual value pick up at injection point: LV, MV, HV Integration in SCADA system possible? Yes skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 14
15 skytron s Approach: Power Plant Controller LOSSES! skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 15
16 Monitoring, Supervision and Control SYSTEM INTEGRATION skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 16
17 1. Monitoring, Control and Supervision 2. Control... of what? And Why? 3. Different Control Approaches 4. skytron s Power Plant Controller skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 17
18 skytron s Power Plant Controller: skycontrol System / Control Principle Software skycontrol Hardware / Control Cubicle skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 18
19 Characteristics and Control Parameters Genuine closed loop control Feedback of actualvalues at grid injection pointatmedium or high voltage level Grid parameters: effective power P reactive power Q grid frequency f grid voltage V Effective power control (NSM Network Security Management) Reactive power compensation Reactive power injection (grid support function) skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 19
20 skycontrol: The Control Principle High voltage level (e.g.: 110 kv Medium voltage level (e.g.: 20 kv) Dynamic grid support short circuit current Fault Ride Through High and medium voltage switchgear Static grid support effective power control reactive power control Communication and control unit Feedback Setpoint/actual P, Q Generation prognosis Grid control system Inverters Network Security Management Effective power control 100% / 60% / 30% / 0% Generator skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 20
21 skycontrol: The Hardware Different size cubicles, depending on required control features housing interfaces Customized to suit interfaces specified by power supply company mounting space available layout and configuration of PV power plant required functional scope skycontrol is NOT a standard power plant controller is a plant control system adjusted to customer skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 21
22 skycontrol: The Functional Scope Functions Network Security management (NSM) Effective Power Control Reactive Power Control Integration of System Protection Signals Setpoint inputs: Discrete switching signals (0%, 30%, 60%, 100%) Analog signals (4 to 20 ma, 0 to 10 V) Digital interfaces (MODBUS, BACnet) Discrete switching signals (0%, 30%, 60%, 100%) Analoge signals (4 to 20 ma, 0 to 10 V) Digital interfaces (MODBUS, BACnet) Characteristic working curve of grid frequency P(f) Agreed value, fixed Discrete switching signals (cos φ: 0.9, 0.95, 1, +0.95, +0.9) Analog signals (4 to 20 ma, 0 to 10 V) Digital interfaces (MODBUS, IEC 60870) Characteristic working curve of effective power Q(P) Characteristic working curve of reactive power Q(V) Grid injection enable Emergency OFF / Fast trip Inverter control in the event of MV / HV switch off skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 22
23 Instrumentation and Control: Fully Integrated Full System Integration Data Acquisition Level Plant Control Level Supervisory Level PVGuard Remote SCADA platform for multi vendor multi site power plant supervision skycontrol EnergyGuard skylog Power plant controller for grid stability Energy meter monitoring High resolution real time data logging and Data Acquisition Level preprocessing ArrayGuard Intelligent combiner boxes Field Level skyconni Data Acquisition Level Field sensorics StringGuard String current monitoring skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 23
24 TODAY, more than 1.8 GWp of total capacity installed all over the world, rely on skytron s monitoring and control system for utility scale photovoltaic power plants More than 30 power plants are supervised and managed from our Berlin control room Our Partners (Excerpt) Reference Projects (Excerpt) skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 24
25 skytron energy GmbH Ernst Augustin Str. 12 D Berlin, Germany energy.com +49 (0) info@skytron energy.com skytron energy GmbH 08 / 2011 Page 25
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