Company Network. We want to go into the Internet. Company MBK & Co. KG. von Stephanie Endlich, Thomas Hein, Stephan Gitz und Matthias Härtel

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1 Company Network von Stephanie Endlich, Thomas Hein, Stephan Gitz und Matthias Härtel Company MBK & Co. KG We want to go into the Internet

2 Task for Company STSM IT Tech Stephanie Endlich, Thomas Hein, Stephan Stefan Gitz, Matthias Härtel What are the requirements? E- -Access Homepage -Access (for customer only) Secure LAN

3 Analysis MBK & Co. KG Internet with ISPs ISP Router Fa0/ Hardware Setup Company Network NAT Router Fa0/ Fa0/0 Fa0/0 S0/1 S0/ Company R ISP Router Center Top Bottom Fa0/0 Internet LAN PCs DMZ Server Internet Server ISP/Internet

4 Configuration ISP provides 16 IP addresses Subnet mask: Problem: a router cannot have two interfaces in the same subnet ===>: Subnetting Company Network Fa0/0 Fa0/0 S0/1 S0/0 NAT Router Company R ISP Router Fa0/1 Center Top Fa0/0 Bottom Internet LAN PCs DMZ Server Internet Server ISP/Internet Subnetting IP Addressing Address classes are distinguished by the high order bits of the first byte Network bits are used for path finding (routing) Address Class Address range Network bits Possible hosts Class A xxxxxxx Class B xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Class C xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 254

5 Subnetting IP Addressing - Example IP address: Subnet mask : Network address:? Broadcast address:? IP address: Subnet mask: Network address: Network address = Broadcast address = Configuration The network /28 is subdivided into two sub networks (here green and purple) / / / / 29 Company Network Fa0/0: Fa0/1: Fa0/0: Fa0/0 Fa0/0 S0/1 NAT Router Company R ISP Router Fa0/1 Center Top Fa0/0 Bottom S0/1: Hinweis: Premask 29 (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx / 29) ist gleichbedeutend mit Subnetzmaske S0/0: Fa0/0: S0/0 Internet LAN PCs DMZ Server Internet Server ISP/Internet Remark: Premask 29 (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx / 29) is equal to subnet mask

6 Configuration To hide the internal topology and to save IP addresses NAT has to be used on the NAT Router (Network Address Translation) Company Network Fa0/0: Fa0/1: Fa0/0: Fa0/0: Fa0/0 Fa0/0 S0/1 S0/0 NAT Router Company R ISP Router Fa0/1 NAT Top Fa0/0 Bottom S0/1: Hinweis: Premask 29 (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx / 29) ist gleichbedeutend mit Subnetzmaske S0/0: Internet LAN PCs DMZ Server Internet Server ISP/Internet Remark: Premask 29 (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx / 29) is equal to subnet mask NAT NAT is designed to conserve IP addresses and enable networks to use private IP addresses on internal networks. These private, internal addresses are translated to routable, public addresses. This is accomplished by internetwork devices running specialized NAT software which can increase network privacy by hiding internal IP addresses ISDN ISP Internet

7 NAT offers the following benefits: Eliminates reassigning each host a new IP address when changing to a new ISP. NAT eliminates the need to readdress all hosts that require external access, saving time and money. With PAT, internal hosts can share a single public IP address for all external communications. In this type of configuration, very few external addresses are required to support many internal hosts, thereby conserving IP addresses. Protects network security. Because private networks do not advertise their addresses or internal topology, they remain reasonably secure when used in conjunction with NAT to gain controlled external access. NAT Example Request 1 before NAT : :80 after NAT : :80 Request 2 before NAT : :80 after NAT : :80 Answer : : :80 Answer : : :80

8 Configuration The network topology is established and the communication works. However, there is no protection against hackers. Therefore, a Firewall has to be introduced. ACL und DMZ ACL = Access Control List; DMZ = demilitarized zone Company Network Fa0/0: Fa0/1: Fa0/0: Fa0/0: Fa0/0 Fa0/0 S0/1 S0/0 NAT Router Company R ISP Router Fa0/1 NAT Top Fa0/0 Bottom S0/1: Hinweis: Premask 29 (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx / 29) ist gleichbedeutend mit Subnetzmaske S0/0: Internet LAN PCs DMZ Server Internet Server ISP/Internet Remark: Premask 29 (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx / 29) is equal to subnet mask Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) Untrusted Network Internal LAN Trusted Network DMZ

9 Demilitarised Zone (DMZ): Advantage: - services are separated by internal and external services, - vulnerable services are placed in the DMZ Disadvantage: - administration overhead - increase in latency Used server and ports: - -Server ( 80): Microsoft IIS - -Server ( 25/110): Mercury Server ( 20/21): Microsoft - -Server ( 53): Microsoft

10 Communication profile server Client Server Http/GET; TCP Http/RESPONSE; TCP 80 From network To network Protocol local network >1023 Internet/DMZ 80 TCP DMZ >1023 Internet 80 TCP Internet >1023 DMZ 80 TCP Communication profile server (SMTP) Client Server Request; TCP Answer; TCP 25 From network To network Protocol local network >1023 DMZ 25 TCP DMZ >1023 Internet 25 TCP Internet >1023 DMZ 25 TCP

11 Communication profile server (POP3) Client Server Request; TCP Answer; TCP 110 From network To network Protocol local network >1023 DMZ 110 TCP Internet >1023 DMZ 110 TCP Communication profile server -Client -Server Request; UDP/TCP Answer; UDP/TCP 53 From network To network Protocol local network >1023 DMZ 53 UDP/TCP

12 Communication profile server -Server -Server 53 () 53 () Lookup request; UDP (TCP) Lookup answer; UDP (TCP) 53 From network To network Protocol DMZ 53 Internet 53 UDP DMZ >1023 Internet 53 TCP Communication profile server (active) -Client 2000 control connection ; SYN Control connection control connection ; PORT 2000 control connection data connection; SYN data connection -Server control connection data connection From network To network Protocol DMZ >1023 Internet 21 TCP Internet >1023 DMZ 21 TCP DMZ 20 Internet >1023 TCP Internet 20 DMZ >1023 TCP

13 Communication profile server (passiv) -Client control connection ; SYN Control connection control connection ; PASV control connection; OK 4000 data connection; SYN data connection; -Server control connection data connection From network To network Protocol Local network >1023 DMZ 21 TCP Local network >1023 DMZ >1023 TCP DMZ (Internet) >1023 Internet (DMZ) 21 TCP DMZ (Internet) >1023 Internet (DMZ) TCP Acceptable Use Policy (AUP): - Connections: from LAN into Internet: from LAN into DMZ:,, and from Internet into LAN: - from Internet into DMZ:,,, from DMZ into Internet: from DMZ into LAN:,,, - ICMP-Messages are blocked - Telnet shall be possible

14 Access Control Lists (ACLs) - Packet filter on a router, Layer 3 - Details see ACL presentation : - Services and numbers: (20/21) (SMTP (25) / POP3 (110)) (53, Protokoll: UDP und TCP!) HTTP (80) -Protokolle: TCP, UDP, ICMP (TTL, echo-reply) Thank you very much for your attention!

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