Si(OH) 4(aq) + H 3 O + Si-OH 2 PRODUCT BRITESORB C100. Introduction. Silica gel. +(solid) + HO-Si (solid)

Transcription

1

2 Introduction PQ Europe represents the European subsidiary of PQ Corporation, USA. PQ Corporation was founded in 1831 and belongs today to the world s most successful developers and producers of inorganic chemicals, in particular on the field of soluble silicates; silica derived products, and glass spheres. PQ operates worldwide more than 60 plants in about 20 countries. PQ serves a large variety of industries, including detergents, high way safety, pulp and paper, petroleum processing and food and beverages with a broad range of environmentally friendly performance products. More than 150 years of experience in R&D and production of silicates in USA and Europe guarantee high performance and high quality silicates made according to ISO 9001 and ISO standard and marketed via our extensive network of sales offices, agents and distributors. BRITESORB C100 BRITESORB C100 is an excellent adsorbent for edible oil refining. BRITESORB C100 removes polar compounds such as free fatty acids, phosphatides, soaps, colored bodies, trace metals, polymers and peroxides. The PQ Europe technical service team would be pleased to assist you in successfully implementing the use of BRITESORB C100 in your refining process. PRODUCT Silica gel Silica gel is a white amorphous, free-flowing, powder consisting of a three-dimensional network of contiguous particles of colloidal silica. Silica gel is formed by polymerization and progressive condensation of silicic acid to form a highly porous, tangled network of branching chains. The reaction can be described by the following reaction mechanism as presented in Scheme 1, which does not only count for silicic acid monomers, but also proceeds with the formed dimer to oligomeric species. Hydrosol Hydrogel fig. 1: Silica gel structure from hydrosol to hydrogel Si(OH) 4(aq) + H 3 O + Si-OH 2 +(solid) + HO-Si (solid) Scheme 1: Silica polymerization

3 At moderate acidities (ph = 0-2), the particles develop in size to about 2 nm in diameter. At a particular point the particles link into chains and subsequently build the network that extends throughout the liquid medium, thickening it into a gel (see Figure 1). Process BRITESORB silica gels are prepared from a high quality sodium silicate and a mineral acid. Sodium silicate is prepared from a melt of a high purity quartz sand and soda ash. All raw materials are carefully checked on impurities, especially on low levels of transition metals e.g. iron. During the gelling process, salt is formed from the cations present in the sodium silicate and the anions from the acid, which has to be removed by a washing step. The specific surface area and porosity of the gel are determined by carefully controlling the washing conditions. In a final process step the silica gel is milled and classified to the desired particle size distribution and dried to the desired moisture content. BRITESORB C100 BRITESORB C100 is a totally inorganic amorphous silica-based adsorbent that effectively removes polar compounds from e.g. crude oil. The BRITESORB C100 particle has pores of carefully controlled size and huge internal surface area. It is a free-flowing white powder and has a high level of chemical and microbiological purity. The product is non-toxic and can be completely removed from the refined oil in either batch or continuous processes. Si-OH 2 +(solid) + H 2 O Si-O-Si (solid) + H 3 O +

4 FUNCTION Edible oil refining Crude oils and fats primarily consist of glycerides and several lipids in minor quantities. Crude oils and fats obtained after rendering, crushing or solvent extraction unavoidably contain various amounts of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides, phosphatides, sterols, tocopherols, hydrocarbons, pigments (e.g. chlorophyll), vitamins (e.g. carotene), sterol glucosides, protein fragments and traces of heavy metals. Some of these compounds are highly undesirable and need to be removed to obtain an oil or fat with the desired quality concerning color, odor and flavor. To obtain edible oils with the desired properties and quality, the oils need to be refined. The refining mainly consists of degumming and neutralization. If the oil after degumming and neutralization still contain undesired polar compound such as free fatty acids, phosphatides, soaps, colored bodies, trace metals, polymers and peroxides than BRITESORB C100 adsorbent could be your solution. Use of BRITESORB C100 BRITESORB C100 is preferably used after the neutralization step. It could be used in combination with bleaching earth. In case bleaching earth is required than the quantity of the bleaching earth could be reduced. In general the use of BRITESORB C100 results into lower consumption of the total adsorbent recipe, which frequently results into reduced oil losses and filter cake disposals and consequently operation at lower cost. The required amount of BRITESORB C100, typically in the range of 0.5 to 2 wt%, strongly depends on the type and amount of impurities present in the untreated edible oil. From an economical point of view, the optimum dosage of BRITESORB C100 is best determined for a specific manufacturer s edible oil and process by varying temperature, and contact time in controlled tests. After treatment of the edible oil with BRITESORB C100, the adsorbent can be easily removed by a filtration or centrifugation step. Parameters Influencing Adsorption The main parameters that influence the adsorption of impurities from edible oil by BRITESORB C100 are: Type of edible oil Type and amount of impurities Dosage Particle size distribution Temperature Contact time Water content Economical advantages of BRITESORB C100 The major economical advantages in using BRITESORB C100 are: Use of reduced adsorbent quantities Reduced oil losses Reduced filter cake disposal Longer filter run length Reduced waste water treatment Reduced reject rate (in case the oil doesn t meet the required specification)

5 QHSE AND PACKAGING Micro organism control During the production process of BRITESORB careful attention is paid to prevent any kind of microbial contamination. In order to accomplish this, specific procedures are applied during the production process. ISO 9001/14001 PQ Europe s activities fulfill the requirements as described in the international standards ISO 9001 (quality) and ISO (Environment). Specific procedures are available at all levels within the company in order to ensure that our products meet customers and community requirements at all times. To ensure a high and consistent product quality, the Process & Quality Control Department plays a key role. BRITESORB C100 is checked for e.g. surface area, pore volume, particle size distribution, ph, solids content and filtration performance. TECHNICAL SUPPORT Technical support Laboratory studies to optimize the dosages of BRITESORB C100 in combination with the desired process conditions are a very effective tool to reduce production costs. PQ Europe is able to offer technical support to the edible oil manufacturers, and has several programs to optimize adsorption performance relative to costs. PQ Europe s capabilities include: Optimization of the adsorption recipe Optimization of the adsorption process conditions, i.e. temperature, water concentration, and contact time Optimization of the filtration process Design of Experiments (DoE) statistical methods to rapidly develop optimized adsorption recipes and process conditions Health, Safety and Environment For detailed information see our MSDS. Packaging and storage BRITESORB C100 is available in propylene bags, big bags and silo trucks. Because of its sorption properties the product should be stored in a dry and odorfree area. Bags should be opened only at the time of use. Unopened bags can be stored for at least 6 months, because the product is manufactured and packed under conditions that are carefully controlled to prevent microbial contamination. 5

6 PQ Europe Head Office PQ Europe De Brand 24 P.O.Box AR Amersfoort The Netherlands tel fax Sales and Technical Service Location PQ Nederland B.V. Ankerkade NL Maastricht The Netherlands tel fax Production Location PQ Nederland B.V. P. van Dijkstraat AJ Winschoten P.O. Box AD Winschoten tel fax The information presented in this brochure is true and accurate, to the best of our knowledge, but without any guarantee unless explicitly given. Since the conditions of use are beyond our control, we disclaim any liability, including for patent infringement, incurred in connection with the use of these products, data or suggestions. Registered trademark PQ Europe Copyright PQ Nederland B.V. Issue: January 2008