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2 BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12062:1998 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materials The European Standard EN 12062:1997, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2002, has the status of a British Standard ICS

3 BS EN 12062:1998 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12062:1997, including amendment A1:2002. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by CEN amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by. As agreed by CEN/TC 121/SC 5 resolution 134/2000 and in accordance with amendment A1:2002, the term examination has been replaced by testing throughout the document. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1998 BSI 1 November 2002 ISBN aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Search facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No Date Text affected November 2002 See national foreword

4 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN August A1 May 2002 ICS Descriptors: Welded joints, steels, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium, alloys, non destructive tests, quality control, weld defects, qualification, personnel, approved organizations, comparison English version Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materials (includes amendment A1:2002) Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés Régles générales pour les matériaux métalliques (inclut l amendement A1:2002) Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen Allgemeine Regeln für metallische Werkstoffe (enthält Änderung A1:2002) This European Standard was approved by CEN on and amendment A1 was approved by CEN on CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12062: A1:2002 E

5 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This document EN 12062:1997/A1:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS. This amendment to the European Standard EN 12062:1997 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Annex ZA is normative, Annex C and Annex D are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 2 Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 4 4 Abbreviations 4 5 Limitations Stage of manufacture Extent of testing Materials 5 6 Personnel qualification 5 7 Testing organization 5 8 Documentation Documentation prior to testing Documentation after testing 5 9 Selection of testing method General Butt- and T-joints with full penetration Butt- and T-joints without full penetration and fillet welds 7 10 Performance of testing Determination of standard to be applied Conditions for testing Time of testing Non-acceptable indications 8 Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to be applied 8 Annex B (informative) Classification of indications 10 Annex C (informative) Extent of testing 11 Annex D (informative) Non-acceptable indications 11 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU directives 12 BSI 1 November 2002

6 1 Scope Based on quality requirements, material, weld thickness, welding process and extent of testing, this standard gives guidance for the choice of non-destructive testing methods of welds and evaluation of the results for quality control purposes. This standard also specifies general rules and standards to be applied to the different types of testing, for either the methodology or the acceptance level for metallic materials. Acceptance levels cannot be a direct interpretation of the quality levels defined in EN or EN They are linked to the overall quality of the produced batch of welds. Requirements for acceptance levels for non-destructive testing comply with quality levels stated in EN or EN (moderate, intermediate, stringent), only on a general basis and not in detail for each indication. This standard can be used by application standards or by agreement between the contracting parties. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles. EN 571-1, Non-destructive examination Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles. EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds Visual examination. pren 1289, Non-destructive testing of welds Penetrant testing of welds Acceptance levels. pren 1290, Non-destructive testing of welds Magnetic particle testing of welds. pren 1291, Non-destructive testing of welds Magnetic particle examination of welds Acceptance levels. EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds Radiographic testing of welded joints. pren 1711, Non-destructive examination of welds Eddy current examination by phase discrimination method. EN 1712, Non-destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination of welded joints Acceptance levels. pren 1713, Non-destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination Characterization of imperfections in welds. EN 1714, Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing of welded joints. pren 12517, Non-destructive examination of welds Radiographic examination of welded joints Acceptance levels. EN 25817, Arc-welded joints in steel Guidance on quality levels for imperfections. (ISO 5817:1992) EN 30042, Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its weldable alloys Guidance on quality levels for imperfections. (ISO 10042:1992) EN 45001, General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. (ISO/IEC 17025) BSI 1 November

7 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 testing testing of a material in accordance with a standard, or a specification, or a procedure 3.2 testing level degree of thoroughness and selection of parameter settings with which testing method is applied. Different levels correspond to different sensitivities and/or probabilities of detection. The selection of testing levels is normally related to the quality requirements 3.3 evaluation level testing level from which an indication is to be evaluated (see Annex B) 3.4 recording level testing level from which an indication is to be recorded (see Annex B) 3.5 acceptance level testing level below which components are accepted (see Annex B) 3.6 testing organization internal or external organization carrying out the non-destructive testing 3.7 indication representation or signal from a discontinuity in the format allowed by the non-destructive testing method used 3.8 internal imperfections imperfections that are not open to a surface or not directly accessible 3.9 quality level fixed limits of imperfections corresponding to the expected quality in a weld. The limits are determined with regard to type of imperfection, their amount and their actual dimensions 3.10 inspection lot a group of welds (a group can be a part of weld or a full weld or several welds) which would be expected to show a uniform quality because of the welding procedure applied, material, type of joints, welder, environmental conditions during execution, time period or other items affecting the quality 4 Abbreviations For the purposes of this standard, the abbreviations given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Abbreviations Eddy current testing Magnetic particle testing Penetrant testing Radiographic testing Ultrasonic testing Visual testing Testing method Abbreviation 4 BSI 1 November 2002 ET MT PT RT UT VT

8 5 Limitations 5.1 Stage of manufacture This standard has been prepared for the testing of completed welds (see 10.3). Testing of parent materials prior to welding or between welding sequences are not covered by this standard. It is, however, recommended that such testing should be performed in accordance with the referred standards for methods and acceptance levels. 5.2 Extent of testing The extent of testing shall be given in an application standard or defined by specification. Guidance on random testing is given in Annex C. 5.3 Materials This standard includes requirements for the testing of fusion welds in the following materials, their alloys and their combinations: steel; aluminium; copper; nickel; titanium. The use of this standard for other metallic materials shall be defined by specification. 6 Personnel qualification Personnel performing non-destructive testing and the evaluation of the results for final acceptance of welds shall be qualified in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent at an appropriate level in the relevant industrial sector. 7 Testing organization The testing organization should be organized independently of the production and its activities should be controlled by a quality assurance system. If required, an external organization, which is employed with the inspection, shall be accredited in accordance with EN ISO/IEC Documentation 8.1 Documentation prior to testing Prior to testing, all necessary preliminary information required by the testing method standards shall be provided Written procedures Testing shall always be performed in accordance with written procedures as required by the standard for the individual testing method or as defined by specification Testing plan In certain cases, it can be necessary to carry out additional testing including more than one non-destructive testing method (other than visual testing) or multiple applications of one method. In such cases all methods used shall be defined in a testing plan, which shall determine the sequence and extent of testing and other relevant aspects for control of testing and other related activities. 8.2 Documentation after testing Records of individual testing All testing shall be recorded as required by the referred standard for the relevant testing method. BSI 1 November

9 8.2.2 Final report For each component or group of components, a final report shall contain the information required by the testing plan and shall as a minimum include: reports required by the standards for the individual testing methods; identification of the component; reference to the individual testing records including status (not inspected, accepted, rejected); identification of welds tested and/or reference to documents identifying these welds; system for marking of the individual welds and/or reference to documents indicating the description of coordinate system used for testing; identification of personnel and organizations that have performed the testing; record of deviations from the applied standard regarding testing technique and acceptance levels. 9 Selection of testing method 9.1 General This standard determines requirements for selection of testing methods for various types of materials and types of fusion welds. These methods may be used alone or in combination in order to give the required result. Before selecting testing methods and levels, the following items should be considered: welding processes; parent metal, welding consumable and treatment; joint type and geometry; component configuration (accessibility, surface condition,...); quality levels; imperfection type and orientation expected. Table 2 Generally accepted methods for detection of accessible surface imperfections for all types of welds including fillet welds Ferritic steel Materials Austenitic steel, aluminium, nickel, copper and titanium ( ) Indicates that the method is applicable with limitations. VT VT and MT VT and PT VT and (ET) VT VT and PT VT and (ET) Testing method 6 BSI 1 November 2002

10 Table 3 Generally accepted methods for detection of internal imperfections for butt- and T-joints with full penetration Materials and type of joint Thickness in mm a t 8 8<t 40 t >40 Ferritic butt-joints RT or (UT) RT or UT UT or (RT) Ferritic T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT) Austenitic butt-joints RT RT or (UT) RT or (UT) Austenitic T-joints (UT) or (RT) (UT) and/or (RT) (UT) or (RT) Aluminium butt-joints RT RT or UT RT or UT Aluminium T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT) Nickel- and copper-alloys butt joints RT RT or (UT) RT or (UT) Nickel- and copper-alloys T-joints (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT) Titanium butt-joints RT RT or (UT) Titanium T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) ( ) indicates that the method is applicable with limitations. a Thickness, t, is the nominal thickness of the parent material to be welded. If necessary, testing methods and levels other than those listed in Annex A may be selected. If an application standard only requires another selection of methods, testing levels listed in Annex A can be used as appropriate. Such alterations shall be defined by specification. 9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration The generally accepted methods for testing of welds are given in Table 2 for surface imperfections and in Table 3 for internal imperfections. 9.3 Butt- and T-joints without full penetration and fillet welds For partial penetration welds and fillet welds the unfused root can prevent satisfactory volumetric testing when using the methods given in Table 3. In cases where special test methods have not been defined by specification, the quality of the weld shall be assured by control of the welding process. Techniques other than those given in Table 2 and Table 3 can be defined for determining the actual degree of penetration and the dimensions of other imperfection types. It is recommended that welds in steel with a minimum yield strength above 280 N/mm 2, in austenitic steel, in aluminium, in nickel and copper alloys and in titanium are tested using method(s) in addition to VT in accordance with Table Performance of testing 10.1 Determination of standard to be applied See Annex A Conditions for testing Prior to the testing, the testing personnel shall have access to all information relevant to the object including: a) necessary preliminary information required by the standard for the individual testing methods; b) testing plan, if required; c) actions to be taken in case of detection of non-conforming welds; d) responsibility for coordination of the inspection of parts of sub-assemblies manufactured by subcontractors; e) time and place of testing. BSI 1 November

11 10.3 Time of testing The testing should be carried out after completion of all required heat treatments. Welds in materials sensitive to hydrogen cracking (e.g. high strength steels) or other time delayed cracking shall not be tested until the minimum time required after welding is achieved or as defined by specification. If required by specification, special conditions may call for testing prior to final heat treatment or elapse of a certain time. If a surface test shall be carried out, it shall be performed prior to any testing for internal imperfections Non-acceptable indications In the case of detection of non-acceptable indications, the procedure shall be given in the application standard or defined by specification. In case of repair of non-acceptable indications the weld shall normally be tested at least as required for the original weld. Further guidance is given in Annex D. Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to be applied This annex gives the correlation between the quality levels of EN or EN and the testing techniques, testing levels and acceptance levels of non-destructive testing standards. It shall be noted that the correlations are not quantitative links. A.1 Visual testing See Table A.1. Table A.1 Visual testing (VT) Quality levels in accordance with EN or EN A.2 Penetrant testing See Table A.2. Testing techniques and levels in accordance with EN 970 B Level not specified B C Level not specified C D Level not specified D 1) The acceptance levels for visual testing are equal to the quality levels of EN or EN Quality levels in accordance with EN or EN Table A.2 Penetrant testing (PT) Testing techniques and levels in accordance with EN B Level not specified 2 X C Level not specified 2 X D Level not specified 3 X Acceptance levels 1) Acceptance levels in accordance with pren BSI 1 November 2002

12 A.3 Magnetic particle testing See Table A.3. Table A.3 Magnetic particle testing (MT) Quality levels in accordance with EN A.4 Eddy current testing See Table A.4. Testing techniques and levels in accordance with pren 1290 B Level not specified 2 X C Level not specified 2 X D Level not specified 3 X B C D Quality levels in accordance with EN or EN Table A.4 Eddy current testing (ET) Testing techniques and levels in accordance with EN 1711 Level not specified Acceptance levels in accordance with pren 1291 Acceptance levels To be defined by specification A.5 Radiographic testing See Table A.5. Quality levels in accordance with EN or EN Table A.5 Radiographic testing (RT) Testing techniques and levels in accordance with EN 1435 B B 1 C B 1) 2 D A 3 A.6 Ultrasonic testing of ferritic steels See Table A.6. Table A.6 Ultrasonic testing (UT) of ferritic steels Acceptance levels in accordance with pren ) However, the maximum area for a single exposure shall correspond to the requirements of class A of EN Quality levels in accordance with EN or EN Testing techniques and levels in accordance with EN ) B At least B 2 C At least A 3 D Level not applicable 2) Not applicable 2) Acceptance levels in accordance with EN ) When characterization of indications is defined by specfication, EN 1713 shall apply. 2) UT is not recommended but can be defined by specfication (with the same requirements as quality level C). BSI 1 November

13 Annex B (informative) Classification of indications See Figure B.1. TESTING LEVEL ACTION Figure B.1 Classification of indications 10 BSI 1 November 2002

14 Annex C (informative) Extent of testing If the extent of testing is defined as a part (percentage p %) of an inspection lot the following rules should apply unless otherwise required: each weld in the inspection lot should be tested over a length of minimum p % of the individual length. The area to be tested should be selected at random; if the total length of all the welds in an inspection lot is less than x m (for example x = 1), at least one weld should be tested in its entire length regardless of the p %; if an inspection lot consists of several identical welds with individual length less than x m (for example x = 1), randomly selected welds with a minimum total length of p % of the total length of all welds in the inspection lot should be tested in their entire length. Annex D (informative) Non-acceptable indications Where a test of a part on an inspection lot reveals non-acceptable indications, the following guidelines for the extent of additional testing can be used. The testing should be performed on welds executed with the same parameters which might be the main cause of failure e.g. welder, welding procedure or any other of the items mentioned in 3.10: a) two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be given the same type of testing; and b) if the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by a) are acceptable, the defective item should be repaired or replaced and re-tested and all items represented by these two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be accepted; but c) if any of the samples or areas of the same welds tested as required in a) reveals a non-acceptable indication, two further samples or areas of the same weld per defective one should be tested; and d) if the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by c) are acceptable, the defective item(s) should be repaired or replaced and re-tested and all items represented by the additional samples or areas of the same weld should be accepted; but e) if any of the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by c) reveals a non-acceptable indication, all items represented by the progressive sampling should be either: 1) repaired or replaced and re-tested as required; or 2) fully tested and repaired or replaced as necessary, and re-tested. BSI 1 November

15 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU directives This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. The following clauses of this standard as detailed in Table ZA.1 and Table ZA.2, are likely to support requirements of the Directives 97/23/EC, and 87/404/EEC. Compliance with these clauses of this standard provides one with means of conforming to the specific essential requirements of the Directives concerned and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC Clauses/subclauses of this European Standard Essential requirements of Directive 97/23/EC Qualifying remarks/notes All Annex I, Non-destructive tests Table ZA.2 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 87/404/EEC Clauses/subclauses of this European Standard Essential requirements of Directive 97/23/EC Qualifying remarks/notes All Annex I, 3.2 Welds on pressurized parts 12 BSI 1 November 2002

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