Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer. Handheld Testing. John McDermott Product Manager Trend Communications 2004 IDEAL INDUSTRIES, INC.

Transcription

1 2004 IDEAL INDUSTRIES, INC. Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer Handheld Testing John McDermott Product Manager Trend Communications

2 Agenda About the Ideal Gigabit Ethernet Analyser - a brief introduction Who is the customer? Why do testing? Overview of Ethernet and Packet transmission Ethernet in the Wide Area Network Gigabit Ethernet Analyser - feature summary Test requirements - RFC2544 Gigabit Ethernet Analyser - demo Installation and maintenance testing Competition 2

3 Analyzer introduction Handheld analyzer for Installation & Maintenance of Gigabit Ethernet networks Verification of fibre optics, IP routing, and network Performance From a simple Ping to full RFC all the information you need Easy to use for the non-expert, and detailed enough for expert investigations 3

4 Test Features Two Gigabit interfaces for comprehensive testing/analysis Line rate traffic generation and statistics, plus protocol support RJ45 interface for legacy testing of 10/100M, and 1000M cable test GigE port A GigE port B 10bT/100bT Ethernet testing Off-board Protocol Decoding 10/100/1000 Physical copper testing 4

5 Who is the Customer? Campus LAN support engineers Metro network installers / maintainers Large company / Government WAN users Telco / Dataco installation depts. High Speed - High reliability - High value networks Downtime costs so Plan to Prevent Budget for test equipment purchase Equipment developers Improved productivity with individual equipment Less conflict for and better utilisation of high cost analyzers 5

6 Typical applications 1. High speed workstations, e.g. medical graphics 2. LAN connection of hubs to high speed servers 3. LAN inter-connection on the campus (<10km) 4. LAN inter-connection in metro region, e.g. dark fibre 5. LAN inter-connection in WAN, e.g. over SDH 6

7 What is Ethernet? Data packet transmission Unique source and destination addresses on every packet Packet transmission only when there is data Originally a shared medium for all devices on LAN (coax) UTP or Fibre for each device now common No error correction No bandwidth management No management functions Re-transmission due to errors is a higher layer function 7

8 Media structure LLC - Logical Link Control MAC - Media Access Control MII - Media Independent Interface PCS - Physical Code Sublayer PMA - Physical Medium Attachment MDI - Media Dependent Interface 8

9 Frame format 9

10 Principle of CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection 1. E.g. Three devices share a LAN 2. Packet is transmitted and propagates in both directions 3. Packet sent from a 2nd device 4. Collision occurs at 2nd device receiver 5 Packets continue and device 1 receives OK 6. Device 2 transmits JAM signal to indicate collision 7. All devices receive JAM signal and stop transmission for a random time Method allows many devices to share bandwidth reliably. Protocol must support re-transmission of errored data. As utilisation increases so does chance of collision (and buffer overflow), typically 40% utilisation is reliable. CSMA/CD is NOT used on full duplex (RJ45 and Gigabit)! 10

11 Ethernet Hubs The Hub is the media. Each device has a dedicated UTP connection. MAC address learning and bridging function limits unnecessary traffic at each port. Full duplex link operation is possible. Server connection and Hub bandwidth limits data rate. 11

12 10 / 100 / 1000 Mbit key differences Standard Version Media type FDX Coding MFS Distance 10GBASE-SR Two 8-10 µm SMF, 850nm Yes 64B/66B N/A 300m 10GBASE-ER Two 8-10 µm SMF 1550nm Yes 64B/66B N/A 40Km 10GBASE-LR Two 8-10 µm SMF 1310nm Yes 64B/66B N/A 10Km IEEE 802.3ae XGMII IEEE 802.3z/ ab (clauses 34-42) GMII IEEE u (clauses 21-29) MII IEEE a- t (clauses1-20) AUI 10GBASE-LW Two 8-10 µm SMF 1310nm Yes 64B/66B N/A 10Km 1000Base-ZX Two 8-10 µm SMF 1310nm Yes 8B/10B Km 1000Base-LX Two 8-10 µm SMF1310nm Yes 8B/10B 520 5Km 1000Base-LX Two 50 µm SMF Yes 8B/10B /2000m 1000Base-LX Two 62.5 µm MMF 1310nm Yes 8B/10B /1000m 1000Base-SX Two 50 µm SMF 850nm Yes 8B/10B /750m 1000Base-SX Two 62.5 µm MMF 850nm Yes 8B/10B /400m 1000Base-CX Two pairs 150 Ohm STP (twinax) cabling Yes 8B/10B m 1000Base-T Four pair UTP 5 (or better) cabling Yes 4D-PAM m 100Base-Fx Two optical 50 µm SMF Yes 4B/5B 64 40Km 100Base-Fx Two optical 62.5 µm MMF Yes 4B/5B 64 2Km 100Base-Tx Two pairs of STP cables Yes 4B/5B m 100Base-Tx Two pairs of UTP 5 (or better) Yes 4B/5B m 100Base-T4 Four pairs of UTP 3 (or better) No 8B/6T m 100Base T2 Two pairs of UTP 3 (or better) Yes PAM5x m 10Base-FB Two optical 62.5 µm MMF sync hub No Manchester m 10Base-FP Two optical 62.5 µm MMF passive hub No Manchester m 10Base-FL Two optical 62.5 µm MMF asyn hub Yes Manchester m 10Base-T Two pairs of UTP 3 (or better) Yes Manchester m 10Broad36 One 75 Ohm coaxial (CATV) No Manchester m 10Base2 One 50 Ohm thin coaxial cable No Manchester m 10Base5 One 50 Ohm thick coaxial cable No Manchester m FDX = Full Duplex (or half duplex) MFS = Minimum Frame Size 12

13 Gigabit Ethernet in the WAN Why are high speed connections necessary? DSL broadband connections have raised expectations Users expect fast response regardless of distance Remote offices want to have seamless access to corporate LAN Disk servers are off-site for security / backup Applications generate large amounts of data, e.g. graphics, video 13

14 Gigabit Ethernet in the WAN 1. Metro dark fibre Low cost service 2. Point to point, packet connection Bandwidth leasing, reliability & maintenance service 3. Point to multi-point, switched Ethernet/VLAN/VPN/IP Bandwidth leasing, reliability & maintenance service 14

15 Why do testing? Prove that fibre optic cable is OK Prove that copper cabling is OK Prove that network connection is made Prove that packet transmission occurs Prove that bandwidth reservation is correct Prove that network addressing is correct Prove that network connectivity is correct Ensure Network Installation is 100% correct and Service Operation is reliable 15

16 Gigabit Ethernet Key Features Gigabit Ethernet Analyser Lightweight and Handheld Immediate Go / No Go test results Excellent colour GUI Fantastic PDA features - , diary, address book 16

17 Gigabit Key Features Intuitive operation based on Go / No Go test configurations Easy, Fast, Reliable Minimal training One Button test mode User defined thresholds for test Pass/Fail indication Test scripts to automate procedure, with pre-defined thresholds and detailed results Large PDA memory for Config and Results 17

18 Gigabit Key Features Dual port for plug-in SFP GBIC modules - SX, LX, ZX, 1000bT Endpoint, Monitor and Through modes Single port testing, and dual port monitoring Built in RJ45 10/100bT and 1000bT Cable Test 18

19 Gigabit Key Features Optical power meter and Link indication Auto-negotiation setup and report Line rate Bit Error Rate Test - proves physical link reliability Ethernet Layer Statistics - comprehensive data saved with every test Traffic Generator with rate profile editor - constant, burst, ramp, 100% line rate 19

20 Gigabit Key Features IP Ping and Trace Route - with DNS and DHCP support RFC2544 Traffic test Objective QoS measurement of: Throughput, Latency, Frame Loss, Bursting Capability, System recovery Top Ten traffic list - MAC, VLAN, IP address - Talker or Listener - Filter to 10/100 port for Protocol Decode 20

21 Gigabit Key Features Ethernet layer statistics include... Frame statistics <64 bytes, 64 to 127, 128 to 255, 256 to 511, 512 to 1023, and 1024 to 1518 bytes. Bandwidth utilization, Tx/Rx byte counts Valid and Errored frames count Unicast / Multicast / Broadcast frames Pause frames VLAN tagged frames Runts and Jabbers frames Undersize and Oversize frames Fragments frames Code violations Frame loss count 21

22 Testing - RFC2544 RFC2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices Device (and Network) performance analysis and stress testing Measurements done using increasing packet size Frame length: 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, 1518 bytes for each test Throughput, Latency, Frame Loss, Back to back frames, System recovery Each test is repeated and averaged, total procedure duration can be many hours. Select specific tests and parameters to reduce test duration. 22

23 Testing - RFC2544 RFC2544 Test progress indication Current test, percent complete Elapsed time and estimated min/max time 23

24 Testing - RFC2544 RFC2544 Throughput For each frame size discover the maximum data rate at which no frame loss occurs for a specified period (of 60 seconds). Latency For each frame size transmit at the maximum (not line) data rate for a period of at least 60 seconds, and then measure the round trip delay using marked packets. Repeat at least 20 times, and average the result. 24

25 Testing - RFC2544 RFC2544 Frame Loss For each frame size transmit packets at 100% line rate for a specified period (of 60 seconds), and measure the % of lost frames. Reduce the data rate by 10% and repeat measurement. Continue repeating with 10% reduction in data rate until two successive trials have no lost frames. Back to back frames For each frame size send a burst of frames with the minimum inter-burst gap. Increase or decrease the frame count to discover the burst length that is supported with no frame loss. Repeat test (50 times) and average the result. 25

26 Testing - RFC2544 RFC2544 System Recovery For each frame size transmit packets at 110% of the known throughput rate for a specified period (of 60 seconds), reduce the data rate by 50% of the above rate and record the period at which frame loss ceases to occur. Repeat test (10 times) and average the result. Comments Short (64 byte) frames require more network resource to process Long (1518 or max PSU) frames require more buffer memory to process 26

27 Demonstration 27

28 Gigabit Ethernet testing Cable test for dark fibre - to check fibre reliability before equipment is connected Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) to check that fibre operate error free Optical power meter to check that fibre loss is OK. 28

29 Gigabit Ethernet testing Device test (e.g. router) - of configuration and performance before installation Optical power meter to check that ports are enabled. IP Ping (with IPCP/DHCP if necessary) to check port configuration Traffic test to check throughput (frame loss test) RFC2544 to validate performance 29

30 Gigabit Ethernet testing Installation test for Link (e.g. to edge router) - to prove connection is working before customer handover Optical power meter to check that fibre far end is connected and is reliable. IP Ping (with IPCP/DHCP if necessary) to check port configuration Traffic test to check throughput (frame loss test) Ethernet layer statistics to check for errors etc VLAN support if necessary 2nd unit can provide packet loopback fiunction 30

31 Gigabit Ethernet testing Installation test for Link (from network to customer) - to prove connection is working before customer handover IP Ping (with IPCP/DHCP if necessary) to check port configuration Traffic test to check throughput (frame loss test) Ethernet layer statistics to check for errors etc VLAN support if necessary Test can be done on an in-service network with connection to spare port on router 31

32 Gigabit Ethernet testing Network testing - to prove complete service installation IP Ping / Trace Route (with IPCP/DDHCP/DNS) to verify service operation Top ten talker list to check network activity Ethernet layer statistics to check for errors etc VLAN support if necessary 32

33 Gigabit Ethernet testing Network monitoring - of in-service link, passive connection Top ten talker list to check network activity Ethernet layer statistics to check for errors etc VLAN support if necessary Protocol decode for utilisation and performance analysis (via 10/100bT) 33

34 Gigabit Ethernet testing Network monitoring - of in-service link, active connection IP Ping / Trace Route to verify link operation Top ten talker list to check network activity Ethernet layer statistics to check for errors etc VLAN support if necessary Protocol decode for utilisation and performance analysis (via 10/100bT) 34

35 Summary - features and benefits Low cost, handheld PDA for user interface Optical power meter and line rate BERT Traffic Generator Built in RJ45 port Wide range of tests Deploy to many sites for portable use Top quality software, workflow functions - , diary, address Quick proof that cable is OK Proof that bandwidth meets SLA One tester includes 10/100M Ethernet/IP testing, and cable test for 1000M Easy for fast installation Detailed for fault investigation Test at all protocol layers 35

36 Competition - Acterna FST times bigger, 2 times weight No power meter No BERT No IP Ping/Trace route No protocol decode No top talker lists Battery life lower? Higher list price ($10K), but aggressive discounts possible 36

37 Competition - Sunrise MTT Similar size and weight Separate modules for 10/100 and GigE. Text menus more difficult to use No RFC2544 No power meter (another module) No protocol decode No top talker lists Higher list price ($10K), but aggressive discounts possible 37

38 Competition - Fluke and Agilent Fluke Optiview and Onetouch Agilent Framescope LAN configuration and analysis Limited GigE capability 38

39 Aurora Tango test module Low cost tester for Installation / Maintenance of Gigabit networks Verification of fibre cables, IP routing, and network Performance From a simple Ping to full RFC all the information you need GigE port A GigE port B 10bT/100bT Ethernet testing Off-board Protocol Decoding 10/100/1000 Physical copper testing 39

40 2004 IDEAL INDUSTRIES, INC. Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer Handheld Testing