SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY

Transcription

1 Hazard Identification Chemical Labels Interpretation of chemical labels Different labeling systems: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) Department of Transportation (DOT) J. T. Baker SAF-T-DATA Labeling System Comparison of label systems Examples of chemical labels Material Safety Data Sheets Interpretation of material data safety sheets Examples SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY

2 Hazard Identification Chemical Labels Interpretation of chemical labels Different labeling systems: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) Department of Transportation (DOT) J. T. Baker SAF-T-DATA Labeling System Comparison of label systems Examples of chemical labels Material Safety Data Sheets Interpretation of material data safety sheets Examples

3 Required Information on Chemical Labels OSHA requires that all hazardous chemicals be labeled with the known immediate and delayed hazards and that each label contain the following information: the identity of the material the name and address of a responsible person from whom information can be obtained if necessary precautionary hazard warnings American National Standard Institute (ANSI) has published a voluntary labeling standard (ANSI Z ) followed by most chemical manufacturers. This standard calls for the additional following items: signal words - DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION highly toxic materials shall be marked POISON precautionary measures useful in preventing physical harm to the individual instructions in case of exposure notes to physician for emergency treatment instructions in case of fire or chemical spill instructions for chemical handling and storage Other labeling requirements : simple wording English language required, other language optional manufacturer should not rely on color coding as the primary means in communicating hazards graphics may be used for easy identification, but they may not take the place of written legends. Three commonly used groups of pictorials are: hazard types routes of entry personal protective equipment number and/or color coding may be used to rank the severity of the hazard hazard rating may be utilized to indicate "degree" of hazard; two systems are commonly used: NFPA HMIS

4 National Fire Protection Association

5 Hazardous Material Identification System e.g. Protective equipment: A safety glasses B safety glasses and gloves C safety glasses, gloves and an apron D face shield, gloves and an apron E safety glasses, gloves and a dust respirator F safety glasses, gloves, apron and a dust respirator G safety glasses, a vapor respirator H splash goggles, gloves, apron and a vapor respirator I safety glasses, gloves and a dust/vapor respirator J splash goggles, gloves, apron and a dust/vapor respirator K airline hood or mask, gloves, full suit and boots L - Z custom protective equipment specified by employer

6 Department of Transportation System Class 1: Explosives Division Class 2: Gases Division Class 3: Flammable liquids. Division Class 4: Flammable solids Division Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides Division Class 6: Poisons and etiologic (infectious) materials Division Class 7: Radioactive materials Ionizing radiation > mci / g. Class 8: Corrosives Class 9: Miscellaneous ORM-D: Other regulated material

7 Material Safety Data Sheets REMEMBER : Chemical manufacturers are required to provide you with material safety data sheets (MSDS). ALSO, REMEMBER : You have the right to be informed of all known hazards associated with the chemicals you are working with. HOWEVER : You have the responsibility to learn how to use the information provided.

8 Chemical Hazards in the Laboratory Chemical Hazards Flammables Reactives Corrosives Toxics Oxidizers Cryogenics Gases Storage of Laboratory Chemicals Safe storage of laboratory chemicals Examples of storage techniques Material Safety Data Sheets Interpretation of material data safety sheets Examples

9 Disastrous Refrigerators

10 Physical Hazards in the Laboratory Compressed gas cylinders Cryogens Electrical and high voltage systems Vacuum systems High pressure systems High temperature systems Equipment guarding Glassware

11 Gas-Cylinder Torpedoes I stand 57 inches tall. I am 9 inches in diameter. I weigh in at 155 pounds when filled. I am pressurized at 2,200 pounds per square inch (psi)....i have been known to jet away - faster than any dragster....i might smash my way through brick walls....i might even fly through the air....i may spin, ricochet, crash and slash through anything in my path.

12 Biological Safety Biosafety guidelines Bloodborne pathogens

13 Bloodborne Pathogens Universal Precautions Universal Precautions: all body fluids and blood should be handled as if they were contaminated. Work practice controls Sterilize equipment, use sharps containers, do not handle needles, sweep up broken glass Wash hands immediately after removing gloves, protect open wounds Don't eat, drink, smoke or apply make-up in areas where blood is worked with. No splashing, no pipetteing by mouth! Personal protective equipment Use and understand personal protective equipment (PPE), accessible and clean, dispose properly. Follow procedures Housekeeping issues Clean surface and equipment handle laundry with extreme caution. Hepatitis B vaccine Must be provided at no cost to at-risk personnel 85% to 97% effective Exposure Response document what happened identify and test the source and exposed individual if feasible provide counseling evaluate any reported illness

14 Animal Welfare Issues Animal Care

15 Radiation Hazards Radioactive materials X-ray generating equipment Radio frequency (rf) radiation Magnetic fields LASERs

16 Radiation Safety Considerations 1: Radiation Safety Program 2: Radiation Source Authorization and Radiation Worker Registration 3: Radiation Protection Principles 4: Procurement of Radioactive Materials 5: Radiation and Contamination Surveys 6: Emergencies 7: Personnel Monitoring 8: Radioactive Waste Disposal 9: Records 10: Shipping Radioactive Materials from MCG 11: Use of Radioactive Materials in Animals

17 Respiratory protection Skin protection Eye protection Engineering design Personal Protection

18 Toxic Waste Chemicals Recyclables Radioactive Sharps and needles Biological Waste Disposal

19 References Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, NRC, National Academy Press. Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals, Pipitone, Wiley-Interscience, NFPA 101, "Life Safety Code", NFPA 491M, "Hazardous Chemical Reactions", NFPA 704, "Identification of Fire Hazards and Materials", Handbook of Reactive Chmical Hazards, L. Bretherick, Butterworths, London-Boston, Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, L. Bretherick, ed., Royal Society of Chemistry, London, Safety on the Academic Chemistry Laboratory, ACS Committee on Chemical Safety, 6th edition, Acute Toxicity: In Theory and Practice, V. K. Brown, Wiley-Interscience Publication,1980. The Dose Makes the Poison, M. Alice Ottoboni, Van Nostrand Peinhold, 2nd ed., Laboratory Use of Chemical Carcinogens, NIH Publication, ANSI Z "American National Standard for Hazardous Industrial Chemicals - Precautionary Labeling", ANSI Publication, OSHA "Bloodborne Pathogens", March 1992.

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