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1 CHAPTER 1

2 PEOPLE AND THEIR STRUCTURES Architectural styles and structures have been developed to meet climatic conditions as well as family needs. There are six basic house styles: 1. Cape Colonial Cape Cod Cape Ann 2. Garrison 3. Saltbox New England Gambrel 4. Southern Colonial 5. Contemporary 6. Ranch

3 The Cape Colonial Very popular home styles developed over 200 years ago. Home styles have aesthetic appeal Provide Comfortable and livable atmosphere. Rooms are large and functional. Most popular styles are the Cape Cod and Cape Ann designs. Third style is the New England Gambrel.

4 The Cape Colonial Cape Cod Usually a small house with a steep roof and little overhang. Central chimney accommodates the necessary room for a fireplace. Usually a one or one-and-onehalf story house. Later Cape Cods included dormers. Eaves line is near the top of the windows with a gable roof. Narrow siding, shutters on windows. Cape Ann Large chimney that is centrally located allows flues for additional fireplaces in the house. Tapering Gambrel Roof encloses an attic that can be converted into extra rooms. Windows don t have shutters.

5 The Cape Colonial Cape Cod Example Cape Ann Example

6 The Cape Colonial New England Gambrel Characteristics Has a gambrel roof where the pitch is abruptly changed between the ridge and eaves. Gambrel Roof provides extra headroom and additional usable space. New England Gambrel Example

7 The Garrison Characteristics Steep pitch roof adds attic space. Traditional look with narrow siding. Has an overhanging second floor / story. Advantages of second story: 1. Separate corner posts on each floor make it possible to use shorter stronger posts. 2. Provides straight lines for framing materials. 3. Overhang provides extra space at very little cost. Example Picture

8 The Salt Box Characteristics Example Picture Has a long roofline sloping gently from the ridge to eaves. Long low roofline at the rear of the house. Roof pitch is minimum 8-12 Windows do not have shutters. Generally have a pilaster entrance with paneled doors. Large chimney used for flues for many fireplaces in the house.

9 Southern Colonial Characteristics Example Picture Main feature is the front Colonnade and the giant portico. These provide shelter for the front entrance. Also keep direct sunlight from glaring into the first and second story rooms. Main Characteristics: Massive homes Upper and lower balconies. Three-story chimneys for bedroom fireplaces. Older styles had a roof over the driveway for side entrance Ornate woodwork and iron trim.

10 Contemporary Structures Characteristics Many are well planned while some lack imagination or design balance. Vary in design and use or materials. Uses ideas of older styles of home mixed with innovative modern ideas. Floor plan is designed to fit the needs of the homeowners. Design requires minimum maintenance. Extensive use of glass in the design in order to place emphasis on exposed structural members. Example Picture

11 The Ranch Design Characteristics Long, low, one-story house Has a low pitched roof with gables and overhanging eaves. Normally built on concrete slab without a basement. Usually have a one or two car attached garage. Basement are often added. Houses have gone to be L shaped to add interest and break up the straight line effect. Will have skylights and cathedral ceiling to provide variations inside the house. Example Picture

12 Trends in Architecture Today s architecture allows for many combinations and variations of designs and enable unique designs because of individual preferences, construction materials, and structural techniques. Designs with dramatic effects are being created in locations such as hillsides, seashores, and cliffs. Trends are moving towards dramatic yet comfortable living. Homes are being designed to complement the site and to provide a feeling of openness while retaining privacy. Post-modern architecture combines traditional and contemporary characteristics. Modern materials and building techniques are used to produce energy efficient and weather resistant homes. Older, structurally solid homes are being renovated or restored to their original beauty.