Cultural Treasure Hunt. Text and photo: Mihhail Petrov Translation: Pavel Smulski. A walking tour of the historic sites of Narva

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1 Cultural Treasure Hunt LEONARDO da VINCI PARTNERSHIP PROJECT ( ) Text and photo: Mihhail Petrov Translation: Pavel Smulski A walking tour of the historic sites of Narva Pedestrian or bike tour of Narva historic sites designed for 6-7 hours of active movement with an hour off for a picnic. Tour starts in the Dark garden near bastion Justicia with a view of the Narva, and Ivangorod fortress. We pass along the boulevard Koidula by the house where in 1919 there were army newspaper editors (there famous Russian writer A. Kuprin worked) and by Peter the Great's foundation of the house, we pass the mass grave of the Communards (1918), and we approach Victoria s bastion corner, where there is a mass grave of Russian soldiers who died during the siege of Narva in Descending from the bastion Victoria, we are moving to the fifth Ravelin- the mass grave of Soviet soldiers (1944). Later we reach Vestervalli street and the bastion of Honor, where at the intersection with the street Karja we inspect the ruins of the city gates and bastions path of the XVII century. Through Seppa street we reach Jõesuu street and the German military cemetery. We examine the cemetery with magnificent views on Russia on other side of the river. We take Jõesuu street and go to the tip of the Shnellergolm island where we turn left and inspect regimental cemetery, typhoid cemetery of Russian refugees and the North-West Army and postwar camp cemetery. Back on Narva shore we inspect the remains of the crossing of Through binoculars you can see the monument to the soldiers of Peter the Great and the Orthodox chapel on the other side of the crossing (the former island Kampergolm, Russia). After a short halt, hike through the streets Mätta and Jalgratta tee we reach Goldengof. Large camp (picnic). Inspection of the trenches of the first echelon of defensive line Tannenberg ( ). Search for artifacts using metal detectors (forged nails, small coins, fragments of shells, etc.) After relaxing on the Akkiküla street, we are moving towards Tallinn highway. On the road we inspect the excavation of the old landfill. For a small fee, you can dig deeper into the excavation and find apothecary jars, small plastic glass, etc. Next we go to Germansberg higher ground to the intersection with Tallinn highway and go out to the place where the battery of Charles XII was located in 1700, and in 1939 was installed "Swedish Lion." We examine the place of the initial installation of the monument, the foundation, and the fragments of the monument. Then we go to the intersection of Rahu street and Tallinn highway, where in 1700 was located Russian siege and was the command post. On this our Narva tour ends.

2 History of Narva Throughout the course of time, the history of Narva has seen the mightiest European powers permanently struggling to get hold over her. At various times the hosts of Narva were Denmark, the Knights of the Germanic Order, Sweden, and Russia. Very often military engagements took place in Narva's environs. That is why the town had always been a fortress. The fortification of Narva began in the 70's of the XIII century when the Danes laid down Narva Castle on a steep bank of the river. In the middle of the XIV century it passed to the Knights of the Germanic Order and was reconstructed into a type of fortification known as "House of the Convent," which was typical for the military architecture of the Order. The Castle acquired its finished look in the beginning of the XV century during the course of its military and architectural rivalry with Russia's Ivangorod Fortress. The architectural appearance of the Castle is characterized by a mighty tower (more than 50 meters in height) that has the name Pikk Hermann (i.e. Tall Herman). At the end of the XIV century the surrounding town wall was constructed and then fortified with towers. In the XV-XVI centuries, modernization of Narva's fortifications was under way because firearms had come into use. Due to this, the castle's medieval towers were reconstructed into artillery-fitted roundel towers. The Swedes were most active in improving Narva Castle in XVII century. In the first half of the century they constructed bastions of Italian and German types, whereas in the 80's of the XVII century they got involved in the grandiose construction of a new defensive line. This consisted of French-type bastions designed by the prominent Swedish military engineer and architect, Eric Dalberg. In this way, the fortification system of Narva Castle was finally formed and essentially was preserved without any changes until the mid-xix century. At present, the defensive and engineering works of Narva have no equal either in diversity or in state of preservation. Together with Ivangorod Fortress they form an historic architectural ensemble of European importance. The most significant historic action related to Narva took place on November 19th, This is the well-known "Battle of Narva" during the Great Northern War. It was at this time that military forces from Sweden, led by the young King Carl XII, defeated the Russian army headed by Czar Peter I (whose forces were greater than those of the Swedes). This victory in Narva made Carl XII famous as a talented commander of his army. Yet the battle had been meaningful not only for Sweden, but for Russia as well, since it was the first battle held by the Russian regular army. The topography of the historic field of battle can still be recognized at the present time. Then in 1704, the name of Narva rang out over the field of battle once again. This is when forces of Peter I stormed Narva Castle and captured it from the Swedes. The sites of these battles fought during the Great Northern War are marked with various monuments in the area surrounding Narva Castle.

3 Cover for the crossing to the island Kampergrolm The designer of the 17th century defence fortifications is architect Erik Dahlberg. A total of seven bastions were built: Honor, Gloria, Victoria, Fama, Triumph, Fortuna, and Spes. There were interior rooms (cells) in some of the bastions. In the 1930s, tours were organized there. During the Second World War, the local residents used the cells as bomb shelters. Work has been started to dry our and light the bastions.

4 A fragment of an engraving depicting a battle Nov. 19, Goldengof. The dark spot in the center - construction debris. A winding line between the two white dots - trenches. Google map.

5 The chapel on the site of the crossing. The right bank of the Narva river, the former island Kampergolm. Piles of rubble and stone at the crossing place. The left bank of the Narva river.