Document E. Nucleus, Foundation and Mother Units

Transcription

1 1 Document E Nucleus, Foundation and Mother Units

2 2 Deciduous Fruit Plant Improvement Association NUCLEUS, FOUNDATION AND MOTHER UNITS CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 Constitution of the Technical Committee Powers of the Technical Committee Establishment of mother units Selection of site 2.2 Priority considerations for site 2.3 Establishment of a mother unit 2.4 Registration of a mother unit 2.5 Scrapping of a mother unit 2.6 Re-registration of a mother unit 3 Care of Units Care of Nucleus units 3.2 Care of Foundation units 3.3 Care of Mother units 4 Inspection of Units 5 Release and Certification of plant material Determination of status of plant material 5.2 Requirements for plant material 5.3 Release of plant material 5.4 Certification of released plant material 6 Compilation of identification codes 19 7 Measurement of shoot thickness 20 8 Evaluation of candidate clones in mother units 21

3 3 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Composition a) At least one Board member must be included on the technical committee and the Chairperson of the committee should also be a Board member. b) The Executive Board appoints the Chairman and members of the Technical Committee annually. Should an appointed member vacate his post during the year, the Board shall appoint a new committee member. c) The Technical Committee shall consist of at least the following members, namely: 1 member representing the SA Vine Nursery Association. 1 member representing the Deciduous Fruit Nursery Association. 1 member representing SAPO. 1 member representing ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij. 1 member representing each private Plant Improvement Association. 1 member representing the Directorate of Plant Health 1 member representing the Directorate of Gene Sources. 1 member representing the Directorate of Inspection Services. 1 member representing BG Plant Inspection Consultants. d) Experts nominated by the members of the association may be co-opted on the strength of their specific technical proficiency. e) Alternates for each of the official representatives listed in paragraph (d) must be nominated by each of the respective bodies, so as to ensure continuity at the meetings. 1.2 POWERS OF THE COMMITTEE a) To make recommendations to the Board. b) To give effect to the Board's decisions. c) To deal with and authorize standard Operational procedures. d) All decisions of the Technical Committee shall be subject to the approval of the Board.

4 4 2.1 Approval of site 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF MOTHER UNITS PIO s annually recruits producers with available sites envisaged for approval before 28 February of each year The full name and address of the producer and the name of the farm where the site is envisaged must be kept on record by the PIO PIO s make prior arrangements for visits to the sites with the producer concerned, in accordance with the dates and times agreed upon PIO s should preferably arrange with the producers to prepare profile test holes to assist in the determination of soil potential PIO's visit the sites and take nematode samples and soil samples if required PIO s map the position of each site PIO s themselves determine the priorities for each site. 2.2 Priority considerations for a site PIO s themselves allocate the material according to these priorities before 15 April The priorities determined must at all times be handled in the strictest confidence and are only disclosed by the PIO's who received the applications Only the PIO itself involved may disclose the reasons for the priorities determined for mother units, when replying to inquiries from producers. 2.3 Establishment of a mother unit PIO s must lodge a written application with the DPA before 31 st December for the registration of mother units established during the year Each application must include: a) An application and evaluation form as prescribed in Addendum 2A. b) All laboratory results of a unit and a unique reference number for each test. c) A site plan that clearly indicates the unit number, row and number of plants per scion and/or rootstock clone.

5 5 d) A return with full particulars of each scion and/or rootstock clone established on the unit, as prescribed in Addendum 2B and 2C. e) from which graft combination and foundation or nucleus premises the involved unit established is Mother units must exist out of at least 200 trees per clone. 2.4 Registration of mother unit (As amended on 26 April 1998) Applications for registration, after having been monitored, are submitted through the Secretary to the Technical Committee for its approval After approval by the Technical Committee, the unit is registered and full particulars of the unit must be entered in the register for registered mother units The Secretary submits a summary of the units approved of by the Technical Committee to the Board for its ratification In the case of new producers, the new producer is registered by the DPA and a certificate number allocated. 2.5 Scrapping of a mother unit PIO s apply to the DPA in writing annually before 31 st December for the scrapping of a unit and supply full particulars of the unit and the reasons for recommending scrapping, as prescribed in Addendum 2B and 2C The Secretary presents applications for the scrapping of units to the Technical Committee After ratification by the Technical Committee, the unit is scrapped and full particulars of the unit are entered in the register for scrapped units The Secretary presents a summary of the units scrapped by the Technical Committee to the Board for its ratification. 2.6 Re-registration of a mother unit Should a unit undergo a change of ownership, the PIO concerned must apply in writing to the DPA for re-registration of the site in the name of the new owner The full name and address of the new producer and the name of the farm where the unit is situated must be supplied, as described in Addendum 2A.

6 Applications for re-registration of units are submitted by the Secretary to the Technical Committee and, after approval, to the Board for its ratification After ratification by the Board, the units must be re-registered in the unit register In the case of new producers, the new producers are registered by the DPA and a certificate number allocated. 3.1 Care of nucleus units Scheme requirements Isolation area: 3. CARE OF UNITS Isolation distance must be at least 2m wide Buffer area: No other plants of any kind are permitted within the isolation area Soil requirements Care The unit must be protected inside an insect-tight greenhouse. Plants must be established in containers in a sterile soil medium. The floor of the greenhouse must be covered with material that cannot be penetrated by the roots of the plants in the containers. Plants in a unit must be cared for in a manner conducive to the production of plant material of a high quality. 3.2 SOP Prescriptions Removal of trees Visibly infected trees and trees that test positively must be removed continuously. Deviating trees must be removed continuously Buffer between Nucleus Plants and Candidate Nucleus Plants Candidate nucleus plants are permitted within a nucleus unit, but must be clearly separated from the nucleus plants. 3.2 Care of foundation units Scheme requirements

7 Isolation area: Isolation distance must be at least 5m wide Buffer area: Care No other plants of any kind are permitted within 5m. Plants in a unit must be cared for in a manner conducive to the production of plant material of a high quality Weed Control SOP Prescriptions Plants in a unit must not be overgrown with weeds Removal of trees 1.1 Visibly infected trees and trees that test positively must be marked continuously. Deviating trees must be marked continuously Weed Control Weeds may not be permitted to grow uncontrolled in a unit Woolly Apple Aphid Apple scion and rootstock units must be treated after harvest with Imadachloprid. 3.3 Care of mother units Scheme requirements Isolation area: Unit must be 3m from other orchards Inspection of units:

8 Care At least once a year and alternately during the summer, autumn and winter. Plants in a unit must be cared for in a manner conducive to the production of plant material of a high quality Weed Control Plants in a unit must not be overgrown with weeds SOP Prescriptions Removal of trees a) Visibly infected trees and trees that test positively must be marked continuously. Before collection of plant material, marked trees as well as the two neighbouring trees must be pruned beforehand. b) Deviating trees must be marked continuously and like the other marked trees, be pruned beforehand Weed Control Weeds may not be permitted to grow uncontrolled in a unit and a specific weed control programme must be followed. 4. INSPECTION OF UNITS 4.1 Pome fruit units are inspected on a regular basis by the PIO s at the following times, namely: Spring a) Take samples for tests b) Flowering inspection of deviating trees Autumn a) True to variety control b) Bacterial and fungus disease inspection Winter a) Collection control b) Physical and phytosanitary inspection

9 9 4.2 Stone fruit units are inspected on a regular basis by the PIO s at the following times, namely: Spring a) Take samples for tests b) Flowering inspection of deviating trees Summer a) True to variety control b) Bacterial and fungus disease inspection Autumn a) True to variety control b) Bacterial and fungus disease inspection Winter a) Collection control b) Physical and phytosanitary inspection 5. RELEASE AND CERTIFICATION OF PLANT MATERIAL 5.1 Requirements for Plant Material Nucleus Plant Material (a) Nucleus plants must originate from a nucleus plant or source plant that test clean according to the prescribed test. b) PIOs inspect nucleus units during the growth season. Trees which deviate from horticultural and phytosanitary norms are removed. c) Nucleus units are tested according to hard wood indicators for the prescribed viruses after the first growth season. d) Plant material issued from nucleus plants must originate from trees that test clean from the prescribed viruses with the help of the prescribed tests. e) Within a nucleus unit there must be a clear separation between nucleus plants that test clean and nucleus plants that have not been tested completely. f) Prescribed tests:

10 10 DISEASE TEST INTERVAL Pome Fruit Apples Apple Stemgrooving Apple Mosaic Pears Apple Stemgrooving Cydonia Apple Stemgrooving Stone Fruit Prunus Necrotic Prune Dwarf Apple Mosaic After validation g) Plant material of nucleus units that will be sold to another PIO, must be certified. (as amended 25 Oct 2012) Foundation Plant Material a) PIOs inspect foundation units during the growth season. Trees which deviate from horticultural and phytosanitary norms are removed in the first and second year. Thereafter, horticulturally deviating trees and trees which show symptoms of naturally transmitted viruses are only marked. b) Foundation units must test clean of viruses using the presecibed tests before plant material may be released.. c) Plant material released from foundation plants must originate from nucleus plants that test clean from viruses using the prescribed tests, while the foundation plants themselves must test clean treefor-tree from viruses using the prescribed tests.

11 11 d) Units where the number of deviative trees plus trees that test positively with the prescribed tests plus trees with visual symptoms exceed than 3%, will be scratched. e) Prescribed tests: DISEASE TEST INTERVAL Pome Fruit Apples Apple Stemgrooving Apple Mosaic Pears Apple Stemgrooving Cydonia Apple Stemgrooving Stone Fruit Prunus Necrotic Prune Dwarf Apple Mosaic After validation (as amended 25 Oct 2012) Mother Plant Material a) PIOs inspect mother units during the growth season. Trees which deviate from horticultural and phytosanitary norms are removed in the first and second year. Thereafter, horticulturally deviating trees and trees which show symptoms of naturally transmitted viruses are only marked. b) PIOs mark trees that are visually infected with naturally transmitted pathogenes.

12 12 c) Units where the number of deviative trees plus trees that test positively using the prescribed tests plus trees with visual symptoms exceed 5%, will be scratched. (As amended 31 August 2006) d) PIOs check that the caes of all marked trees are not collected. e) PIOs check according to the IPW records that the more intensive spray programme for the control of pathogenes were followed. f) Prescribed tests: DISEASE TEST INTERVAL Pome Fruit Apples Every fifth year Apple Stemgrooving Every fifth year Apple Mosaic Every fifth year Pears Every fifth year Apple Stemgrooving Every fifth year Cydonia Every fifth year Apple Stemgrooving Every fifth year Stone Fruit Prunus Necrotic Prune Dwarf Every fifth year Apple Mosaic Every fifth year After validation (as amended 25 Oct 2012) 5.2 Determination of the Status of Plant Material PIO s must before 31 st December annually apply in writing to the DPA for the updating of units already established PIO s must annually submit returns to the Secretariat of the prescribed virus test at the following dates:

13 13 Stone Fruit 30 September Pome Fruit 30 September Each application must include a return with complete details of the data to be updated in the form as prescribed in Addendum 2D The classification of the status of the plant material in the units must be determined annually and submitted to each PIO before the following dates: Stone Fruit 31 October Pome Fruit 31 October The classification of the status of plant material in the units is determined by the following guidelines: Certified plant material Plant material that qualify in the present year for certification, must comply to the following requirements, namely: Apples Scion foundation units b) Origin must be from nucleus or foundation unit. f) The unit must be declared true-to-type. g) indexing must be negative for one of the of the preceeding 5 years for Apple Mosaic. e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Scion mother units b) Origin must be from nucleus, foundation or mother unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative for one of the of the preceeding 5 years for Apple Mosaic. e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Rootstock foundation units b) Origin must be from nucleus or foundation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative for one of the of the preceeding 5 years for Apple Mosaic. e) Clones must be registered.

14 14 Scion mother units b) Origin must be from nucleus, foundation or mother unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative for one of the of the preceeding 5 years for Apple Mosaic. e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered Pears Scion foundation units b) Origin must be from nucleus or foundation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) No indexing. e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Scion mother units b) Origin must be from nucleus, foundation or mother unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) No indexing. e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Rootstock foundation units b) Origin must be from nucleus or foundation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) No indexing. e) Clones must be registered. Rootstock mother units b) Origin must be from nucleus, foundation, mother or evaluation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) No indexing. e) Clones must be registered..

15 Stone fruit Plant material that qualify in the present year for certification, must comply to the following requirements, namely: Scion foundation units b) Origin must be from nucleus or foundation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative for the preceeding Spring for Prune Dwarf virus Prunus Necrotic Ringspot virus e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Scion mother units b) Origin must be from nucleus, foundation or mother unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative in the preceeding Spring for Prune Dwarf virus Prunus Necrotic Ringspot virus e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Rootstock foundation units b) Origin must be from nucleus or foundation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative in the preceeding Spring for Prune Dwarf virus Prunus Necrotic Ringspot virus e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered. Rootstock mother units b) Origin must be from nucleus, foundation, mother or evaluation unit. c) The unit must be declared true-to-type. d) indexing must be negative for Prune Dwarf virus and Prunus Necrotic Ringspot virus. e) Clones of the scions and rootstocks must be registered.

16 Candidate plant material Candidate plant material that qualify to be issued, must meet the following requirements: Apples Pears Scion candidates Must meet the requirements as for certified mother or foundation units, except for: a) that the unit is not true-to-type b) that the unit is not older than 2 years c) that the scion and / or rootstock clone is a candidate clone. Rootstock candidates Must meet the requirements as for certified mother or foundation units, except for: a) that the unit is not true-to-type b) that the unit is not older than 2 years c) that the rootstock clone is a candidate clone. Scion candidates Must meet the requirements as for certified mother or foundation units, except for: a) that the unit is not true-to-type b) that the unit must have been registered and established for less than 2 years; or c) that the scion and/or rootstock clone is a candidate clone. Rootstock candidates Must meet the requirements as for certified mother units or foundation units, except for: a) that the unit is not true-to-type b) that the unit must have been registered and established for less than 2 years; or c) that the rootstock clone is a candidate clone.

17 Stone fruit Scion candidates Must meet the requirements as for certified mother or foundation units, except for: a) that the unit is not true-to-type b) that the unit must have been registered and established for less than 2 years; or c) that the scion and/or rootstock clone is a candidate clone. Rootstock candidates Must meet the requirements as for certified mother units or foundation units, except for: a) that the unit is not true-to-type b) that the unit must have been registered and established for less than 2 years; or c) that the scion and/or rootstock clone is a candidate clone In instances where the results of the tests are not available before 30 September, the PIO s must indicate which units are intended for the issue of plant material in the year concerned so that the preliminary status of the plant material can be determined before hand. Precautionary measures must be taken by the PIO s in order to assure that only plant material is issued from units that test negative. Should it happen that units which were provisionally approved were found to be positive, no plant material can be issued and the Secretariat must be informed immediately so that these units can be withdrawn. 5.3 Release of plant material The DPAreports to the NDA before 15 January on the units of each PIO that have complied with the Scheme s requirement. This report takes the form of a computer printout, listing all the data in respect of the units from which plant material may be released The DPA issues certification labels to members in accordance with the numbers ordered by them PIOs, in consultation with the mother unit producers involved, estimate the amount of plant material available Certification labels with pre-printed details are issued to mother unit producers in accordance with the numbers estimated by the PIOs. Shortages can be made up with hand-written labels No changes may be entered on the labels.

18 A certification label must be attached to each bundle of plant material released to a grower to testify the certification of plant material concerned, according to the following categories: Green label = Intact plant material Yellow label = Cut plant material Brown label = Seed (As amended 25 August 2005) It is accepted that the numbers in intact bundles cannot be determined with accuracy. a) In cases where nurserymen utilize more plant material out of intact bundles than is indicated on the delivery note, the additional quantity must be declared to the PIO concerned before 15 February. b) The PIOs, using the appropriate documentation, must adjust additional releases between mother unit producers and nurserymen. c) The PIOs must present full details of their releases to the SPO, taking into consideration all rectifications and exchanges with nurseries Autumn 30 June e.g releases from 1 Febr to 30 Apr 2011 Winter 15 November e.g releases from 1 Jul 2011 to 31 Oct 2011 Summer 15 February e.g releases from 1 Nov 2011 to 15 Jan PIOs make out notes comprising the full information of the plant material issued and check sizes and cutting up procedures followed by producers and nurserymen on an ad hoc-basis. a) Sales and exchanges of certified bundles plant material with original certification labels between nurserymen must be recorded continuously on the prescribed form B2 and reported to the PIO by the nurserymen concerned before 15 February. b) Sales and exchanges of certified plant material mutually by nurserymen must be rectified with the appropriate documentation by the PIOs and nurserymen involved, so that the PIOs are enabled to declare the total number of releases to the DPA before 15 February. c) PIOs follow up on complaints and serve the mother unit producers with advice. d) Delivery notes must accompany each consignment and the driver of the vehicle must be able to present it.

19 Three percent of the plant material in cut up as well as uncut bundles may not deviate from the physical standards, but no deviations may occur in the numbers listed on uncut plant material bundles PIOs collect the unutilized and damaged certification labels, together with the delivery notes from the mother unit producers and check the number of bundles against the number of certification labels used. 5.4 Certification of Plant Material issued A comprehensive account of all numbers per clone released from mother units, as prescribed in Addendum 5A and 5B must be submitted by the PIOs before the following dates to the DPA for the checking of statistics against nursery returns. Autumn 30 June e.g releases from 1 Febr to 30 Apr 2011 Winter 15 November e.g releases from 1 Jul 2011 to 31 Oct 2011 Summer 15 February e.g releases from 1 Nov 2011 to 15 Jan Each return on releases must be accompanied by a declaration by the inspector, as prescribed in Addendum 5C, that the plant material issued on behalf of the PIO concerned, complied with the requirements of the Scheme DPA issues a computer printout of all releases by the PIOs to inspectors for the monitoring of statistics against nursery returns.

20 20 ADDENDUM 5C SA PLANT CERTIFICATION SCHEME FOR DECIDUOUS FRUIT It is hereby declared that: ISSUE OF PLANT MATERIAL DECLARATION BY INSPECTOR a. The plant material as indicated on the accompanying record sheet in respect of each person, variety, clone, amount, category and unit have been issued by Name of PIO during 20 : b. The units on which the mentioned plant material has been cultivated comply with the requirements of the Scheme; c. The inspections as prescribed by the Scheme have been conducted; d. The plant material fulfills all the relevant phytosanitary and physical requirements as prescribed by the Scheme; e. The plant material is tru-to-type; f. The certification labels have been completed and attached as prescribed by the Scheme. Date.. Inspector

21 21 6. COMPILATION OF IDENTIFICATION CODES 6.1 Mother unit producers Identification codes are used in computer files and nursery returns to distinguish nurserymen and mother unit producers from each other, without having to note down the full name and address Each code must thus be unique to identify each nurserymen or mother unit producer A code consists of a maximum of 15 characters Each code is made up from the name of the mother unit producer and the name of the farm. a) Should the mother unit producer be a private person, the code is composed of the mother unit producer s name and the name of the farm. b) Should the mother unit producer be a company or a institution, the code is composed of the name of the company or institution and the name of the farm Only one space is left between the name of the mother unit producer and the name of the farm DPA allocates a certificate number to each new mother unit producer registered at the DPA Names of companies and other institutions exceeding characters, are abbreviated as follows: Theewaterskloof: Theewaterskloof Holdings, etc Surnames of mother unitproducers, starting with Van, are abbreviated as follows: vd Merwe vd Spuy v Santen v Velden : Van der Merwe : Van der Spuy : Van Santen : Van Velden Names of farms as registered are written in full in the remaining space available Where the codes of two mother unit producers could be identical, the initials are added between the surname and the name of the farm to distinguish between the two.

22 Where ownership or disposal rights in terms of the Scheme are transferred, the registration lapses and the new owner must apply to have the site registered in his name. With the registration of the new owner, a new code has to be compiled. 7. MEASUREMENT OF SHOOT THICKNESS 7.1 Measurement of shoot thickness at the narrowest limit a) Round measuring instrument Shoots qualify in terms of the appropriate articles of the Scheme, if their thinnest internodes cannot pass through a round hole with a diameter of 4, 6 of 7 mm. b) Groove measurement device Shoots qualify in terms of the appropriate articles of the Scheme if they cannot fit into a groove with two evenly spaced sides 4, 6 of 7 mm apart. 7.2 Measurement of shoot thickness at the widest limit a) Round measuring instrument Shoots qualify if their thickest internodes will fit into a round hole, 12 mm in diameter. b) Groove measurement device Shoots qualify in terms of the appropriate articles of the Scheme if their thickest internodes will fit into a groove with two evenly spaced sides 12 mm apart.

23 23 8. EVALUATION OF CANDIDATE CLONES IN MOTHER UNITS 8.1 Clones of scion and rootstock varieties listed on the Official Variety List, as well as varieties not listed on the Official Variety List being evaluated by PIOs, must be placed on the Candidate Clone Register. 8.2 Candidate clones of varieties not listed on the Official Variety List and from scion and rootstocks testing free of viruses, using the tests as prescribed for candidate clones, may with special permission of the Registrar and the DPA be established in potential mother units for evaluation. 8.3 Candidate clones of scion and rootstock varieties not listed on the official variety list testing free of viruses, as prescribed for candidate clones, may with special permission of the Registrar and the DPA be established in mother units and potential mother units up to a maximum of trees for evaluation purposes. Application form as prescribed in Annexure 15A must be completed and addressed to the Registrar of Plant Improvement in order to obtain written permission. (As amended 20 March 2012) 8.4 When candidate clones of varieties not listed on the Official Variety List are propagated in a nursery before establishment in the potential mother units for evaluation, written permission of the Registrar should be obtained. 8.5 Evaluation sites not registered as mother units, that is to say potential mother units, must meet the requirements for mother units as prescribed by the Scheme and must be approved in advance. 8.6 Potential mother units may be registered as mother units upon completion of the evaluation programme, provided that the varieties are listed on the Official Variety List and the clones are accepted as registered clones. 8.7 Plant material of candidate clones may not be certified. 8.8 Plant material of candidate clones of varieties listed on the Official Variety List may be issued to nurserymen under the supervision of the DPA. 8.9 Plant material of registered scion clones in mother units, grafted on to candidate rootstock clones testing free of all the viruses prescribed by the Scheme, may be certified.