Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Ethernet and FDDI
|
|
- Harold Clarke
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Picture Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Ethernet and FDDI Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen
2 Page 2 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
3 Page 3 History - Ethernet and DIX Consortium Creation of Ethernet DEC-Intel-Xerox (DIX) Consortium by Dr. Robert Metcalfe at Xerox Corporation in Palo Alto, California, 1973 operated at 2.94Mbps goal was to improve the connection speed between computers and printers developed the standard for 10Mbps Ethernet, 1980 thick multi-drop coaxial cable IEEE 802 standards, 1980 IEEE for Ethernet IEEE for Token Bus IEEE for Token Ring
4 Page 4 In the beginning 1976 R. Metcalfe presented Ethernet for the first time; he used this diagram
5 Page 5 Evolution Ethernet 10Mb/s Fast Ethernet 100Mb/s Gigabit Ethernet 1000Mb/s 10 Gigabit Ethernet 10000Mb/s
6 Page 6 IEEE Standards Logical Link Security B r id g in g Overview Ethernet L A N To k e n B u s To k e n R i n g D Q D B Broadband Ta g F i b e r O p t i c Ta g Integrated Services Wireless L A N
7 Page 7 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
8 Page 8 OSI Layers Application Presentation Session Transport Network LLC Data Link MAC Physical PHY PMD
9 Page 9 Sub-Layers LLC MAC Logical Link Control LLC (de)multiplexing packets from the network layers MAC Media Access Control frame formats, addressing, sharing of the medium PHY physical medium independent layer encoding/decoding bits into pulses, synchronization of the transceiver clocks PMD Physical Medium Dependent Layer handling with electrical components PHY PMD
10 Page 10 Inter-Layer Connections F ra m e s M A C P H Y P M D M A C S y m b o l s P H Y Pulses P M D
11 Page 11 Physical Effects The basic problems of signal transmission are caused by Attenuation Dispersion EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) Power limitations Rise and fall times
12 Page 12 Physical Layer - Summery of Coding Purposes optimizing signal for transmission prevent from the loss of the clock signal reduce the required bandwidth get line control signals
13 Page 13 Pulse Coding - Schemes 0 c l o c k N R Z N R Z I M a n c h e s t e r
14 Page 14 MLT-3 Coding Scheme 0 clock M L T
15 Page 15 NRZI-MLT-3 Bandwidth Gain N R Z I 1 c y c le, 2 b its 100 MHz M L T - 3 1cycle, 4 bits 50 MHz
16 Page 16 4B/5B Coding data code bits symbol A B C D E F original control invalid code bits symbol J K 101 L 1101 T 111 R S code bits line state code bits symbol 0 Q I 100 H
17 Page 17 Pulse Coding - Schemes 0 c l o c k N R Z N R Z I M a n c h e s t e r
18 Page 18 MLT-3 Coding Scheme 0 clock M L T
19 Page 19 Bandwidth Sharing (Half Duplex Mode) For a bus or any other half duplex topology a method for bandwidth sharing is mandatory. In the development days of the Ethernet the following methods were tested: P u r e A lo h a Slotted Aloha C S M A C S M A / C D
20 Page 20 CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection wait until medium is available medium must be idle for the Interframe Gap (IFG) time before sending start transmission if a collision is detected while transmitting, transmit a jam signal wait for a random time and retry (up to 16 times) collision detection is done by comparing transmitted and received signals
21 Page 21 CSMA/CD
22 Page 22 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
23 Page 23 Ethernet Versions Two incompatible versions: Ethernet II (DIX - consortium of the companies DEC, Intel and Xerox) Ethernet (standard of IEEE) PMD, PHY, and MAC layers are covered in the standard IEEE LLC - covered in the standard IEEE (general standard, not only for Ethernet)
24 Page 24 Ethernet II Principles fixed 10Mbps Manchester coded signals CSMA/CD used for bandwidth sharing frame size range 64 to1518 bytes truncated binary back-off algorithm used for retransmission little-endian bit-order 64 bit preamble at front and 9.6μs delay between frames bus topology Ethernet is a passive network, only transmitting stations can be detected
25 Page 25 Example for a Bus Topology (obsolete) 1 0 M b /s
26 Page 26 Example for a Star/Tree Topology 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 1 0 M b / s 1 0 M b / s 100Mb/s M b /s 100Mb/s 1 0 M b / s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s
27 Page 27 Example for a Star Topology
28 Page 28 Half-duplex Mode Stations share a single Ethernet channel by using a medium access control protocol (see CSMA/CD) Only one station can send data over the channel at any given time Disadvantage: segment length is limited by timing requirement caused by requirements of collision detection mechanism
29 Page 29 Full-duplex Mode Point-to-point links over twisted pair or fiber optic media Both devices may send data at any time Disable the carrier sense function Disable collision detect Disable the looping back of transmitted data onto the receiver input Advantages: Segment length is limited by the signal-carrying capabilities of the segment media The multiple access algorithm (CSMA/CD) is unnecessary Standard IEEE 802.3x
30 Page 30 Physical Extension Ethernet cards detect collisions only while transmitting. A collision that occurs at the far end of the medium must reach the sender before it stops transmitting.
31 Page 31 Collision Domain Repeater R e p e a te r
32 Page 32 Separate Collision Domains Switch R e p e a te r Repeater Repeater
33 Page 33 Framing Layer 2 encapsulation Breaking the stream into fields Start and stop indicator fields Naming or addressing fields Data fields Quality control fields
34 Page 34 IEEE MAC Address I/G 1 Bit U / L 1 Bit O U I 22 Bits 24 Bits by OUI assigned Owner I/G Individual/Group U/L Universal/Local OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier specifies the manufacturer of the Ethernet card
35 Page 35 Ethernet II Frame F ra m e H e a d e r Pream ble (8 Byte) Destination Address S o u r c e Address (6 Byte) (6 Byte) T y p e D a t a F C S (2 Byte) ( Byte) (4 B y te ) Preamble for synchronization of the stations Type specifies Layer 3 Protocol FCS Frame Check Sequence
36 Page 36 Ethernet Frame F ra m e H e a d e r P r e a m b l e S F D (7 Byte) ( 1 B ) Destination A d d r e s s (6 Byte) S o u r c e A d d r e s s (6 D S A P S S A P D e s tin a tio n S A P (1 Byte) Source SAP (1 Byte) LLC L e n g t h / Type Byte) (2 Byte) Control Field (1-2 Byte) D a t a ( Byte) F C S (4 Byte) D a t a ( Byte) Header Length/Type SFD Length of data or Type Start Frame Delimiter shows the start of a Frame LLC Header: SAP Control Field Service Access Point for the Layer 3 Protocol determination for the indication of supervisory, information, unnumbered frames
37 Page SNAP Header Destination Address Source Address (6 Byte) Length Data FCS (6 Byte) (2 Byte) ( Byte) (4 Byte) DSAP SSAP Destination SAP (1 Byte) Source SAP (1 Byte) Control Field (1 Byte) SNAP Data (5 Byte) (<= 1492 Byte) OUI Protocol Type (3 Byte) (2 Byte)
38 Page 38 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
39 Page 39 Some of the Standards for 10Mbit/s StandardTopology Medium first released 10Base5 DIX Base a-1985 Bus 10Base-T 802.3i-1990 Star 10Base-F 802.3j-1993 Star 10 stands for 10Mbit/s Base stands for Baseband Bus single 50 Ohm coaxial cable (10mm thick) - thicknet single 50 Ohm RG 58 coaxial cable (5mm thick) - thinnet two pairs of 100 Ohm Cat3 or better UTP cable two optical fibres Max Cable Segment [m] halfduplex full-duplex 500 not supported 185 not supported > 2000
40 Page 40 Standards for 100Mbit/s StandardTop. first released 100Base-TX 802.3u-1995 Star 100Base-FX 802.3u-1995 Star 100Base-T u-1995 Star 100Base-T y-1997 Star Medium Max Cable Segment [m] halfduplex full-duplex two pairs of 100 Ohm Cat5 UTP cable two optical fibres four pairs of 100 Ohm Cat3 or better UTP cable two pairs of 100 Ohm Cat3 or better UTP cable 100 not supported
41 Page 41 Standards for 1Gbit/s Standard Top. Medium -first released 1000Base-LX 802.3z1998 Star 1000Base-SX 802.3z1998 Star 1000Base-CX 802.3z1998 Star 1000Base-T 802.3ab- Star 1999 long wavelength laser: μm multi-mode fiber - 50μm multi-mode fiber - 10μm single-mode fiber short wavelength laser: μm multi-mode fiber - 50μm multi-mode fiber specialty shielded balanced copper jumper cable assemblies ( twinax ) four pairs of 100 Ohm Cat5 or better cable Max Cable Segment [m] halfduplex fullduplex
42 Page 42 Encoding of the IEEE Standards Ethernet Manchester coding Fast Ethernet 100Base-FX NRZI and 4B/5B encoding 100Base-TX MLT-3 (or NRZI-3) and 4B/ 5B encoding 100Base-T4 8B/6T encoding 1000Base-LX 8B/10B encoding Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-SX 8B/10B encoding 1000Base-CX 8B/10B encoding 1000Base-T PAM5
43 Page 43 Parameters 10MBit/s 100MBit/s 1GBit/s nominal Bit Time 0,1 μs 0,01 μs 0,001 μs Slot Time [Bit Times] Interframe Gap 9,6 μs 0,96 μs 0,096 μs Max Frame Size 1518 Byte 1518 Byte 1518 Byte Min Frame Size 64 Byte 64 Byte 64 Byte Extended Size 0 Bit 0 Bit Burst Limit no no Slot-TimeMinFrameSize Bit
44 Page 44 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
45 Page 45 Gigabit Ethernet Standards Media Access Control(MAC) full duplex / half duplex Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII) optional 8B/10B encoding/decoding 1000BASE-LX LWL Fiber Optic 1000BASE-SX SWL Fiber Optic 1000BASE-CX Shielded Balanced Copper 802.3z physical layer 1000BASE-T encoder/decoder 1000BASE-T UTP Category ab physical layer
46 Page 46 Migration to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet looks identical to Ethernet from data link layer upwards Changes are made to physical interface Gigabit Ethernet Physical Media Attachment (PMA) is identical to Fiber Channel PMA Standard takes advantage of High speed physical interface of fiber channel IEEE Ethernet frame format Full or half duplex CSMA/CD
47 Page 47 IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Upper Layers Logical Link Control (LLC) MAC Reconciliation MII GMII: Gigabit Media Independent Interface PMA: Physical Media Attachment PMD: Physical Media Dependent Reconciliation: Mapping between: Physical layer signaling primitives & Signals on GMII Reconciliation GMII PCS PCS PMA PMA PMD PMD Medium Medium 100Mbps 1000Mbps
48 Frame Formats IEEE frame format 7 octets 7 octets Preamble 1 octet Start-of-Frame Delimiter 6 octets Destination Address Source Address 2 octets Length/Type Start-of-Frame Delimiter Destination Address 6 octets Source Address 2 octets Length/Type octets 4 octets Data... Frame Check Sequence Preamble octets Data 1 octet 6 octets 6 octets octets Gigabit Ethernet frame format Data Link Layer Encapsulation Page 48 Frame Check Sequence 1 octet.. Extension octets
49 Page 49 Problems with Gigabit Ethernet In half-duplex mode, the physical extension would - without further measures - be less than 20 meters reason: dependence between minimum sized frames, speed and physical extension The minimum CSMA/CD carrier time and the Ethernet slot time have been extended to 512 bytes. Packets 512 bytes are not modified Packets < 512 bytes have a carrier extension field following the CRC field
50 Page 50 Frame with Extension Field Packets smaller than 512 Byte will be extended with an additional field: Destination A d d r e s s (6 Byte) S o u r c e A d d r e s s (6 Byte) T y p e / L e n g t h (2 D a t a F C S (4 B y te ) Byte) 512 Byte E x te n s io n
51 Page 51 Packet Bursting Mechanism to improve the performance of the small sized packets: Packet Bursting the devices are allowed to send some small packets together but a burst limit is defined too: one transmission of a station must not be longer than 65,536 bit times Frame Inter-Frame-Gaps 1 Extension B y te Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame n
52 Page 52 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
53 Page 53 VLANs (Virtual Local Area Network) R o u te r Switch H Switch H H H Switch H H H H H H: H H H VLAN A VLAN B VLAN C Host
54 Page 54 Benefits of VLANs facilitating network administration allowing formation of work groups enhancing network security providing a means of limiting broadcast domains
55 Page 55 VLAN Standards IEEE 802.3ac (1998) defines frame format extensions to support Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Tagging on Ethernet networks. IEEE 802.1Q defines the general VLAN protocol.
56 Page 56 VLAN Tag The VLAN protocol permits the insertion of an identifier, or "tag", into the Ethernet frame format to identify the VLAN to which the frame belongs. It allows frames from stations to be assigned to logical groups. Destination A d d r e s s (6 Byte) S o u r c e A d d r e s s (6 Byte) Length/ T y p e Q Ta g Type (2 Byte) 0x8100 Ta g Control Information (2 Byte) Length/ T y p e (2 Byte) D a t a F C S ( Byte) (4 B y te )
57 Page 57 Ethernet and FDDI Ethernet History, Evolution, Overview OSI-Model Physical Layer: Coding Schemes MAC-Layer: CSMA/CD Ethernet Principles Versions and Parameters Topologies Communication Modes Collision Domain Framing Standards up to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet VLAN FDDI
58 Page 58 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 100Mbps bandwidth up to 500 stations in one network up to 60km between two stations total length 200km guaranteed waiting time Redundancy in topology
59 Page 59 FDDI Summary fixed 125Mbps 4b/5b coded signals timed token rotation used for bandwidth sharing frame size bytes topology: dual ring of trees big-endian bit order offers synchronous and asynchronous transmissions stations have station-management duties
60 Page 60 FDDI Topology tre e D u a l R in g Ring with Trees
61 FDDI Stations D A S D A S p r im a r y r in g B r in g A da ry B A se co n Page 61 A B M M D A C S S A S S S A S DAS: DAC: SAS: A: B: M: S: Dual Attachment Station Dual Attachment Concentrator Single Attachment Station Primary Port Secondary Port Master Port Slave Port
62 Page 62 Wrapped Ring primary ring secondary ring Dual Ring Wrapped Ring
63 Page 63 FDDI Frame S ta r tin g Delimiter F r a m e Control ( 2 s y m b o ls ) (2 symbols) C L F F Destination Address (12 Z Type symbols) Z of Frame Length of Address 0=16bits, 1=48bits Class of Service 0=asynchronous, Z 1=synchronous Source Address (12 Z symbols) Information (<= 8956) Ending Delimiter F r a m e Status (1 symbol) (3 symbols) Error Detected Address Recognized F r a m e Copied (1 symbol) (1 symbol) (1 symbol)
64 Page 64 Access Method
65 Page 65 FDDI Access Method There are 2 types of transfers: synchronous and asynchronous Synchronous transfers can be done whenever the station gets the token; was never really used Asynchronous traffic can be started whenever the station gets a token that is not late The last frame is always allowed to complete The token is immediately released after transmission The transmitting station removes its own data
66 Page 66 Token Release Methods S F r a m e To k e n S To k e n Wasted Immediate Release Time Delayed Release F r a m e
67 Page 67 FDDI Error Detection a station suspects a fault in the ring it starts sending beacon frames every station that receives a beacon frame stops sending beacons if a station receives its own beacon everything is OK else the ring is broken right before the station the SMT takes action
68 Page 68 FDDI Ring Wrapping and Hold A B C F E D wrapping results in partitions A B C F E D global hold maintains primary ring
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Networks: Fast Ethernet 1
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet Networks: Fast Ethernet 1 Fast Ethernet (100BASE-T) How to achieve 100 Mbps capacity? MII LLC MAC Convergence Sublayer Media Independent Interface Media Dependent Sublayer
More informationFast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Computer Networks: Fast and Gigabit Ethernet
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet 1 Fast Ethernet (100BASE-T) How to achieve 100 Mbps capacity? MII LLC MAC Convergence Sublayer Media Independent Interface Media Dependent Sublayer Data Link Layer Physical
More informationEthernet/IEEE 802.3 evolution
Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 evolution Pietro Nicoletti www.studioreti.it 8023-Evolution-Engl - 1 P. Nicoletti: see note pag. 2 Copyright note These slides are protected by copyright and international treaties.
More informationGigabit Ethernet: Architectural Design and Issues
Gigabit Ethernet: Architectural Design and Issues Professor of Computer and Information Sciences Columbus, OH 43210 http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 9-1 Overview Distance-Bandwidth Principle 10 Mbps
More informationLocal Area Networks. Guest Instructor Elaine Wong. Elaine_06_I-1
Local Area Networks Guest Instructor Elaine Wong Elaine_06_I-1 Outline Introduction to Local Area Networks (LANs) Network architecture Geographical area LAN applications LAN Technologies Ethernet Fiber
More informationData Link Layer. Page 1. Ethernet
Sicherungsebene Network Categories Local Area Networks (LAN): 10m - few km, simple connection structure Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet Token Bus, Token Ring LAN Wireless LAN (WLAN, up to a few
More informationEthernet. Ethernet Frame Structure. Ethernet Frame Structure (more) Ethernet: uses CSMA/CD
Ethernet dominant LAN technology: cheap -- $20 for 100Mbs! first widely used LAN technology Simpler, cheaper than token rings and ATM Kept up with speed race: 10, 100, 1000 Mbps Metcalfe s Etheret sketch
More informationNetwork Categories. Network Types for the Local Range. Ethernet
Sicherungsebene Network Categories Chapter 2: Computer Networks 2.1: Physical Layer: representation of digital signals 2.2: Data Link Layer: error protection and access control 2.3: Network infrastructure
More informationINTRODUCTION TO 100BASE-T: FAST (AND FASTER) ETHERNET
51-20-97 DATA COMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO 100BASE-T: FAST (AND FASTER) ETHERNET Colin Mick INSIDE How It Works: An Iso View, 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-T2, Gigabit Ethernet, Impacts
More information2. What is the maximum value of each octet in an IP address? A. 128 B. 255 C. 256 D. None of the above
1. How many bits are in an IP address? A. 16 B. 32 C. 64 2. What is the maximum value of each octet in an IP address? A. 128 B. 255 C. 256 3. The network number plays what part in an IP address? A. It
More informationUnit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer. Sergio Guíñez Molinos sguinez@utalca.cl 2-2009
Unit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer Sergio Guíñez Molinos sguinez@utalca.cl 2-2009 Local Area Network (LAN) Redes de Computadores 2 Historic topologies more used in LAN Ethernet Logical Bus and Physical
More informationNetwork Categories. Network Types for the Local Range. Ethernet. Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Sicherungsebene Network Categories Local Area Networks (LAN): 0m - few km, simple connection structure Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet Token Bus, Token Ring LAN Wireless LAN (WLAN, up to a few
More informationToken Ring and. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 1
Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 1 IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Proposed in 1969 and initially referred to as a Newhall ring. Token ring :: a number of stations
More informationCSE331: Introduction to Networks and Security. Lecture 6 Fall 2006
CSE331: Introduction to Networks and Security Lecture 6 Fall 2006 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) End Host Application Reference model not actual implementation. Transmits messages (e.g. FTP or HTTP)
More informationFiber Distributed Data Interface
CHPTER 8 Chapter Goals Provide background information about FDDI technology. Explain how FDDI works. Describe the differences between FDDI and Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI). Describe how CDDI
More informationBased on Computer Networking, 4 th Edition by Kurose and Ross
Computer Networks Ethernet Hubs and Switches Based on Computer Networking, 4 th Edition by Kurose and Ross Ethernet dominant wired LAN technology: cheap $20 for NIC first widely used LAN technology Simpler,
More informationIntroduction to Ethernet
Technical Tutorial 2002 12-06 Table of Contents 1: Introduction 2: Ethernet 3: IEEE standards 4: Topology 5: CSMA/CD 6: Wireless-LAN 7: Transmission Speed 8: Limitations of Ethernet 9: Sena Products and
More informationRFC 2544 Testing of Ethernet Services in Telecom Networks
RFC 2544 Testing of Ethernet Services in Telecom Networks White Paper Nigel Burgess Agilent Technologies Introduction The object of this paper is to discuss the use and testing of Ethernet services in
More informationRTT 60.5 msec receiver window size: 32 KB
Real-World ARQ Performance: TCP Ex.: Purdue UCSD Purdue (NSL): web server UCSD: web client traceroute to planetlab3.ucsd.edu (132.239.17.226), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 switch-lwsn2133-z1r11 (128.10.27.250)
More informationData Link Protocols. TCP/IP Suite and OSI Reference Model
Data Link Protocols Relates to Lab. This module covers data link layer issues, such as local area networks (LANs) and point-to-point links, Ethernet, and the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). 1 TCP/IP Suite
More informationLocal Area Networks transmission system private speedy and secure kilometres shared transmission medium hardware & software
Local Area What s a LAN? A transmission system, usually private owned, very speedy and secure, covering a geographical area in the range of kilometres, comprising a shared transmission medium and a set
More informationHigh Speed Ethernet. Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. Professor School of Computing, UNF
High Speed Ethernet Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. Professor School of Computing, UNF Hubs and Switches Hubs and Switches Shared Medium Hub The total capacity in the shared medium hub configuration (figure
More information11/22/2013 1. komwut@siit
11/22/2013 1 Week3-4 Point-to-Point, LAN, WAN Review 11/22/2013 2 What will you learn? Representatives for Point-to-Point Network LAN Wired Ethernet Wireless Ethernet WAN ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
More informationMathatma Gandhi University
Mathatma Gandhi University BSc Computer Science IV th semester BCS 402 Computer Network &Internet MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The computer network is A) Network computer with cable B) Network computer
More informationEECS 122: Introduction to Computer Networks Multiaccess Protocols. ISO OSI Reference Model for Layers
EECS 122: Introduction to Computer Networks Multiaccess Protocols Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776
More informationLAN / WAN Technologies
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Industrial Centre Knowledge Update Course for Secondary Computer Teachers LAN / WAN Technologies By Edward Cheung email: icec@polyu.edu.hk 15 July, 2003. 030715 LAN
More informationTCOM 370 NOTES 99-12 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS AND THE ALOHA PROTOCOL
1. Local Area Networks TCOM 370 NOTES 99-12 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS AND THE ALOHA PROTOCOL These are networks spanning relatively short distances (e.g. within one building) for local point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
More informationGigabit Ethernet MAC. (1000 Mbps Ethernet MAC core with FIFO interface) PRODUCT BRIEF
Gigabit Ethernet MAC (1000 Mbps Ethernet MAC core with FIFO interface) PRODUCT BRIEF 1. INTRODUCTION This document serves as a product info for the Gigabit Ethernet MAC from Hitek Systems. The core supports
More informationControlled Random Access Methods
Helsinki University of Technology S-72.333 Postgraduate Seminar on Radio Communications Controlled Random Access Methods Er Liu liuer@cc.hut.fi Communications Laboratory 09.03.2004 Content of Presentation
More informationRing Local Area Network. Ring LANs
Ring Local Area Network Ring interface (1-bit buffer) Ring interface To station From station Ring LANs The ring is a series of bit repeaters, each connected by a unidirectional transmission link All arriving
More informationCandidates should attempt FOUR questions. All questions carry 25 marks.
UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN Exam 2010 Degree Examination in ES 3567 Communications Engineering 1B Xday X Notes: 9.00 a.m. 12 Noon (i) CANDIDATES ARE PERMITTED TO USE APPROVED CALCULATORS (II) CANDIDATES ARE
More informationCCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks. Chapter 5: Ethernet
CCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks Chapter 5: Ethernet 5.0.1.1 Introduction The OSI physical layer provides the means to transport the bits that make up a data link layer frame across the network media.
More informationHow To Communicate With A Token Ring Network (Dihon)
Token us Token -procedure: Only someone who possesses a certain ken (= bit sequence), may send. One example for a ken network: IEEE 80. Token us All stations should be treated equally, i.e. they have pass
More informationGigabit Ethernet. Abstract. 1. Introduction. 2. Benefits of Gigabit Ethernet
Table of Contents Abstract... 2 1. Introduction... 2 2. Benefits of Gigabit Ethernet... 2 2.1 Easy Migration to Higher Performance Levels... 3 2.2 Decreased Overall Costs Over Time... 3 2.3 Supports for
More informationLesson 2-3: Ethernet Basics
Unit 2: LAN Configurations Lesson 2-3: Ethernet Basics At a Glance Ethernet LAN topology is currently the most common network architecture. Ethernet topologies are generally bus and/or bus-star topologies.
More informationESSENTIALS. Understanding Ethernet Switches and Routers. April 2011 VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 A TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT TO CONTROL NETWORK
VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 A TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT TO CONTROL NETWORK Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. Understanding Ethernet Switches and Routers This extended article was based on a two-part article that was
More informationIndustrial Networks & Databases. Protocols and Networks - Device Bus - - Field Bus -
Industrial Networks & Databases - Device Bus - - Field Bus - - Data Bus - Recall MODBUS protocol is a messaging structure used to set up master/client type communications with slaves/servers between intelligent
More informationQUESTION 1 If one of the links to a computer on a physical star topology is served, what will be the result?
N10-003 Network+ QUESTION 1 If one of the links to a computer on a physical star topology is served, what will be the result? A. The entire network will stop working. B. The affected link and the adjacent
More informationETHERNET. The Technology and a Polemic History. Jim Jackson University of Leeds School of Computing
ETHERNET The Technology and a Polemic History Jim Jackson University of Leeds School of Computing Ethernet Technology Today The predominant networking technology for Local Area Networks Used more and more
More informationNetwork Design. Yiannos Mylonas
Network Design Yiannos Mylonas Physical Topologies There are two parts to the topology definition: the physical topology, which is the actual layout of the wire (media), and the logical topology, which
More informationLAN Switching. 15-441 Computer Networking. Switched Network Advantages. Hubs (more) Hubs. Bridges/Switches, 802.11, PPP. Interconnecting LANs
LAN Switching 15-441 Computer Networking Bridges/Switches, 802.11, PPP Extend reach of a single shared medium Connect two or more segments by copying data frames between them Switches only copy data when
More informationModule 5. Broadcast Communication Networks. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 5 Broadcast Communication Networks Lesson 1 Network Topology Specific Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to: Specify what is meant by network topology
More informationEthernet, VLAN, Ethernet Carrier Grade
Ethernet, VLAN, Ethernet Carrier Grade Dr. Rami Langar LIP6/PHARE UPMC - University of Paris 6 Rami.langar@lip6.fr www-phare.lip6.fr/~langar RTEL 1 Point-to-Point vs. Broadcast Media Point-to-point PPP
More informationDirect Link Networks. Introduction. Physical Properties. Lecture - Ethernet 1. Areas for Discussion. Ethernet (Section 2.6)
reas for Discussion Direct Link Networks Joseph Spring School of Computer Science Sc - Computer Network Protocols & rch s ased on Chapter 2, Peterson & Davie, Computer Networks: Systems pproach, 5 th Ed
More informationIEEE p1394c: 1394 with 1000BASE-T PHY Technology. Kevin Brown kbrown@broadcom.com
IEEE p1394c: 1394 with 1000BASE-T PHY Technology Kevin Brown kbrown@broadcom.com IEEE Working Group 1394c Charter Bob Davis, Chair of the Microcomputer Standards Committee of the IEEE approved the formation
More informationCSMA/CA. Information Networks p. 1
Information Networks p. 1 CSMA/CA IEEE 802.11 standard for WLAN defines a distributed coordination function (DCF) for sharing access to the medium based on the CSMA/CA protocol Collision detection is not
More informationLANs. Local Area Networks. via the Media Access Control (MAC) SubLayer. Networks: Local Area Networks
LANs Local Area Networks via the Media Access Control (MAC) SubLayer 1 Local Area Networks Aloha Slotted Aloha CSMA (non-persistent, 1-persistent, p-persistent) CSMA/CD Ethernet Token Ring 2 Network Layer
More informationRETI DI TELECOMUNICAZIONI
Accademia Navale Armi Navali LAUREA in INGEGNERIA DELLE TELECOMUNICAZIONI RETI DI TELECOMUNICAZIONI Stefano Giordano Lezione n.18n Ethernet Gruppo di Ricerca in Reti di Telecomunicazioni Dipartimento di
More informationChapter 7 Low-Speed Wireless Local Area Networks
Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 7-1 Chapter 7 Low-Speed Wireless Local Area Networks At a Glance Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Overview Objectives s Quick Quizzes Class Discussion Topics
More informationGigabit Switching Ethernet Media Converters - Product User Guide
Gigabit Switching Ethernet Media Converters - Product User Guide PL0338 Issue3 Introduction These Tyco Electronics Gigabit Media Converters translate between 1000Base-T copper and 1000Base-X fiber optic
More informationReal-Time (Paradigms) (51)
Real-Time (Paradigms) (51) 5. Real-Time Communication Data flow (communication) in embedded systems : Sensor --> Controller Controller --> Actor Controller --> Display Controller Controller Major
More informationCopper to Fiber Stand-Alone Media Converter. Quick Installation Guide
Copper to Fiber Stand-Alone Media Converter Quick Installation Guide Model No. FVT-2001 FVT-2002 FVT-2201 FVT-2401 GVT-2000 GVT-2001 Description 10/100BASE-TX to 100BASE-FX MMF SC Converter, 2km 10/100BASE-TX
More informationCOMPUTER NETWORKS HANDOUTS LECTURERS # 01 45 PREPARED BY: HAMMAD KHALID KHAN. Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
COMPUTER NETWORKS (CS610) HANDOUTS LECTURERS # 01 45 PREPARED BY: HAMMAD KHALID KHAN 1 Table of contents Lecture No. 1...4 INTRODUCTION...4 Lecture No. 2...9 Motivation and Tools...9 Lecture No. 3...13
More informationCCNA 1: Networking Basics. Cisco Networking Academy Program Version 3.0
CCNA 1: Networking Basics Cisco Networking Academy Program Version 3.0 Table of Contents CCNA 1: NETWORKING BASICS...1 TARGET AUDIENCE...3 PREREQUISITES...3 COURSE DESCRIPTION...3 COURSE OBJECTIVES...3
More information1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network
Review questions 1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network B Local area network C Client/server
More informationThe installed base for Ethernet ranges from PCs and servers to printers,
TUTORIAL Gigabit Ethernet is the latest in GIGABIT ETHERNET: From 100 to 1,000 Mbps the family of high-speed Ethernet technologies. It extends the operating speed of the world s most deployed LAN to 1
More informationHARTING mcon 1000 Introduction and features
Introduction and features HARTING mcon 1000 es, managed, for mounting onto top-hat mounting rail in control cabinets General Description Features Supporting Ethernet (10 Mbit/s), Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s)
More informationData Link Protocols. Link Layer Services. Framing, Addressing, link access: Error Detection:
Data Link Protocols Link Layer Services Framing, Addressing, link access: encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, trailer channel access if shared medium MAC addresses used in frame headers to
More informationCisco CCNA Study Guide
1 Cisco CCNA Study Guide v2.71 2014 Aaron Balchunas aaron@routeralley.com http://www.routeralley.com Foreword: This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework
More informationIT4405 Computer Networks (Compulsory)
IT4405 Computer Networks (Compulsory) INTRODUCTION This course provides a comprehensive insight into the fundamental concepts in data communications, computer network systems and protocols both fixed and
More informationGigabit Ethernet. Today a number of technologies, such as 10BaseT, Auto-Negotiation
Gigabit Ethernet Auto-Negotiation By Rich Hernandez The Auto-Negotiation standard allows devices based on several Ethernet standards, from 10BaseT to 1000BaseT, to coexist in the network by mitigating
More informationFlow control on IEEE 802.3x switch
Flow control on IEEE 802.3x switch Mario Baldi Politecnico di Torino mario.baldi[at]polito.it staff.polito.it/mario.baldi Pietro Nicoletti Studio Reti piero[at]studioreti.it www.studioreti.it Based on
More informationNetwork Design and Implementation
Recent Advances in 100 Mbps LAN Technologies Professor of Computer and Information Sciences Columbus, OH 43210-1277 Jain@CIS.Ohio-State.Edu http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview FDDI, Copper
More informationTroubleshooting and Auto-Negotiation Features for IMC Networks Media Conversion Products
Troubleshooting and Auto-Negotiation Features for IMC Networks Media Conversion Products Table of Contents Introduction...................................................................... 1 About Link
More informationIT4504 - Data Communication and Networks (Optional)
- Data Communication and Networks (Optional) INTRODUCTION This is one of the optional courses designed for Semester 4 of the Bachelor of Information Technology Degree program. This course on Data Communication
More information10/100 Mbps Ethernet MAC
XSV Board 1.0 HDL Interfaces and Example Designs 10/100 Mbps Ethernet MAC VLSI Research Group Electrical Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Last Modified: 20 September 2001
More informationAdhoc Contributors. Nader Vijeh
PHY DEFINITIONS Adhoc Contributors Brad Booth Ben Brown Steve Haddock Jeff Lynch Stuart Robinson Nader Vijeh Paul Bottorff Roy Bynum David Law David Martin Geoff Thompson Some definitions for us from 802.3
More informationCMA5000 SPECIFICATIONS. 5710 Gigabit Ethernet Module
CMA5000 5710 Gigabit Ethernet Module SPECIFICATIONS General Description The CMA5710 Gigabit Ethernet application is a single slot module that can be used in any CMA 5000. The Gigabit Ethernet test module
More informationEthernet 102: The Physical Layer of Ethernet
Ethernet 102: The Physical Layer of Ethernet Scott Kipp President of the Ethernet Alliance (Brocade) Frank Yang Marketing Chair, Next Generation Cabling Subcommittee (CommScope) February 27th, 2012 1 The
More informationDATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS 1. Define the term Computer Networks. A Computer network is a number if computers interconnected by one or more transmission paths. The transmission path often is the telephone
More informationVorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Fieldbus Systems
Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Fieldbus Systems Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen
More information(7+(51(7 Tutorial August 15, 2002
(7+(51(7 Tutorial August 15, 2002 Product Name Trademarks and Copyrights UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc., and is exclusively licensed by the X/Open Company, Ltd. Windows
More informationHow To Test For 10 Gigabit Ethernet At 10 Gb/S
White Paper Testing Scenarios for Ethernet at 10 Gb/s By Guylain Barlow Introduction As a natural evolution, the typical test concepts borrowed from lower-rate Ethernet apply to 10 Gigabit Ethernet (GigE).
More informationUnderstanding Ethernet and Fibre Channel Standard-Based Test Patterns An explanation of IEEE 802.3 and NCITS standard test patterns By Todd Rapposelli
White Paper Understanding Ethernet and Fibre Channel Standard-Based Test Patterns An explanation of IEEE 802.3 and NCITS standard test patterns By Todd Rapposelli Overview The IEEE 802.3 standards for
More informationWritten examination in Computer Networks
Written examination in Computer Networks February 14th 2014 Last name: First name: Student number: Provide on all sheets (including the cover sheet) your last name, rst name and student number. Use the
More informationGigabit Ethernet over fiber optic cable.
1000BaseT 1000BaseFX 100BaseTX 100BaseFX 100BaseLX 100BaseSX 100BaseT2 100BaseT4 100BaseTX 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT ACR 1000 Mbps, 1 Billion bits per second data transmission over copper cabling. All four
More informationTCP/IPv4 and Ethernet 10BASE-T/ 100BASE-TX Debugging with the MSO/DPO4000B Series Oscilloscopes
Presented by TestEquity - www.testequity.com TCP/IPv4 and Ethernet 10BASE-T/ 100BASE-TX Debugging with the MSO/DPO4000B Series Oscilloscopes Application Note Introduction The Internet changes the way we
More informationLecture 3: Signaling and Clock Recovery. CSE 123: Computer Networks Stefan Savage
Lecture 3: Signaling and Clock Recovery CSE 123: Computer Networks Stefan Savage Last time Protocols and layering Application Presentation Session Transport Network Datalink Physical Application Transport
More informationWired & Wireless LAN Connections
Lecture 5 Wired & Wireless LAN Connections Network Interface Card (NIC) Ethernet Wiring - Thick Ethernet - Thin Ethernet - Star (Hub) Ethernet Extending LAN - Fiber Modem - Repeater - Bridge - Switch Short
More informationEE290C - Spring 2004 Advanced Topics in Circuit Design High-Speed Electrical Interfaces
EE290C - Spring 2004 Advanced Topics in Circuit Design High-Speed Electrical Interfaces Lecture 20 Case Studies Ethernet Borivoje Nikolić April 1, 2004. Class Material Posted some background material on
More informationIntroduction to Optical Networks
Yatindra Nath Singh Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Email: ynsingh@ieee.org http://home.iitk.ac.in/~ynsingh 1 What are optical network? Telecomm
More information100BASE-SX Fast Ethernet:
100BASE-SX Fast Ethernet: A Cost Effective Migration Path for Fiber in the Horizontal Prepared by the Fiber Optics LAN Section of the Telecommunications Industry Association February 2000 2000 TIA Fiber
More informationCabling LANs and WANs
Cabling LANs and WANs CCNA 1 v3 Module 5 10/11/2005 NESCOT CATC 1 Cabling the LAN Each media has advantages and disadvantages: Cable length Cost Ease of installation Susceptibility to interference The
More informationProcess Control and Automation using Modbus Protocol
Process Control and Automation using Modbus Protocol Modbus is the fundamental network protocol used in most industrial applications today. It is universal, open and an easy to use protocol. Modbus has
More informationLocal Area Network By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com Local Area Network LANs connect computers and peripheral
More informationOverview of Network Hardware and Software. CS158a Chris Pollett Jan 29, 2007.
Overview of Network Hardware and Software CS158a Chris Pollett Jan 29, 2007. Outline Scales of Networks Protocol Hierarchies Scales of Networks Last day, we talked about broadcast versus point-to-point
More informationLecture Computer Networks
Lecture Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hans Peter Großmann mit M. Rabel sowie H. Hutschenreiter und T. Nau Sommersemester 2012 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen Asynchronous
More information10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) and 10Base-T - RoadMap
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) and 10Base-T - RoadMap Ethernet (10 Mbps) wasn't fast enough. Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) wasn't fast enough. Even Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) wasn't fast enough. So IEEE recently
More informationPage 1 of 7. Computer Networking
Page 1 of 7 Computer Networking 7.1 What Is Computer Networking? A computer network consists of several computers that are connected to one another using devices that allow them to communicate. Computer
More informationBasics manual Local Area Network (LAN)
Basics manual Local Area Network (LAN) Basics manual Local Area Network (LAN) The naming of copyrighted trademarks in this manual, even when not specially indicated, should not be taken to mean that these
More informationHARTING econ 3000 Introduction and features
HARTING Introduction and features HARTING es, unmanaged, for installation in control cabinets General Description Features The Fast es of the product family HARTING are suitable for industrial applications
More informationThe OSI and TCP/IP Models. Lesson 2
The OSI and TCP/IP Models Lesson 2 Objectives Exam Objective Matrix Technology Skill Covered Exam Objective Exam Objective Number Introduction to the OSI Model Compare the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP
More informationCOMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH LAYERED ARCHITECTURES. Gene Robinson E.A.Robinsson Consulting 972 529-6395 ROB1200@aol.com
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH LAYERED ARCHITECTURES Gene Robinson E.A.Robinsson Consulting 972 529-6395 ROB1200@aol.com 9 March 1999 IEEE802 N-WEST STANDARDS MEETING FOR BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS
More informationIndustrial 10/100/1000BASE-T to 100/1000BASE-X SFP Media Converter
Industrial 10/100/BASE-T to 100/BASE-X SFP Media Converter Physical Port 1-port 10/100/BASE-T RJ45 with auto MDI / MDI-X function 1 SFP interface, 100/BASE-X dual mode (auto detection) Layer 2 Features
More informationAjay Gummalla-July 2001
DOCSIS Overview Ajay Gummalla Ethernet in the First Mile Study Group July 2001 Ajay Gummalla-July 2001 1 HFC Plant Topology VIDEO combiner Fiber TX Fiber Fiber RX Tap CMTS Fiber RX Fiber Fiber TX 2way
More informationQuick Installation Guide 24-port PoE switch with 2 copper Gigabit ports and 2 Gigabit SFP ports (af Version 15.4W)
Quick Installation Guide 24-port PoE switch with 2 copper Gigabit ports and 2 Gigabit SFP ports (af Version 15.4W) Table of Contents Introduction.. Power Over Ethernet (PoE) & Features.... Unpacking and
More informationBy: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014
By: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014 Contact Information: E-Mail: m.aminifar@modares.ac.ir admin@parsenet.ir Phone : 021-22919726 09128442885 Website : http://parsenet.ir http://aminifar.ir SMS Center : 5000262175
More informationNetwork Topologies. Network Topologies
Network Topologies LANs and WANs - Geographical coverage LANs A single geographical location, such as office building, school, etc Typically High speed and cheaper. WANs Spans more than one geographical
More informationFrame Burst Adjusting for Transmitting Video Conference in Gigabit Ethernet
Frame Burst Adjusting for Transmitting Video Conference in Gigabit Ethernet Han-Chieh Chao and Yao-Chung Chang Institute of Electrical Engineering National Dong Hwa University Hualien, Taiwan E-mail: hcc@cc.ndhu.edu.tw
More informationChapter 9A. Network Definition. The Uses of a Network. Network Basics
Chapter 9A Network Basics 1 Network Definition Set of technologies that connects computers Allows communication and collaboration between users 2 The Uses of a Network Simultaneous access to data Data
More information