ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CALIFORNIA DUI MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Transcription

1 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ANNUAL REPORT TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASSEMBLY BILL 77 CHAPTER, 989 LEGISLATIVE SESSION JANUARY EDMUND G. BROWN JR. Governor BRIAN P. KELLY, Secretary California State Transportation Agency JEAN SHIOMOTO Director California Department of Motor Vehicles,

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3 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruct ions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Service, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, Jefferson D avis Highway, Suite, Arlington, VA -, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (7-88) Washington, DC.. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) January. TITLE AND SUBTITLE. REPORT TYPE Final Report Annual Report of the California Management Information System 6. AUTHOR(S) Sladjana Oulad Daoud 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) California Department of Motor Vehicles Research and Development Branch P.O. Box 98 Sacramento, CA 9-8. DATES COVERED (From - To) a. CONTRACT NUMBER b. GRANT NUMBER c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER d. PROJECT NUMBER e. TASK NUMBER f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER CAL-DMV-RSS SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES). SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S). DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES - Corresponding author: Sladjana.OuladDaoud@dmv.ca.gov. ABSTRACT. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER In this twenty-third annual legislatively-mandated report, and driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs () data from diverse sources were compiled and cross-referenced for the purpose of developing a single comprehensive data reference and monitoring system. This report presents cross-tabulated information on arrests, convictions, court sanctions, administrative actions, and alcohol- or drug-involved crashes. In addition, this report provides -year proportions of recidivism and crash rates for first and second offenders arrested in each year over a time period of years. Also, the long-term recidivism curves of the cumulative proportions of reoffenses are shown for all offenders arrested in 99. Two analyses were conducted to evaluate if referrals to programs were associated with reductions in -year subsequent violations and crashes among those convicted of the reduced charge of alcohol- or drug-related reckless driving, and if referrals to the 9-month program were associated with reductions in -year subsequent violations and crashes when compared to referrals to the -month program among first offenders. The proportions of convicted first and second offenders arrested in, who were referred, enrolled, and completed programs are also presented.. SUBJECT TERMS Drinking drivers, tracking data system, reporting system, countermeasures, recidivism, alcohol education and rehabilitation, driver license disqualification, drugged driving 6. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: Unclassified A. REPORT Unclassified B. ABSTRACT Unclassified 7. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 8. NUMBER OF PAGES C. THIS PAGE Unclassified None 9 9a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Douglas P. Rickard 9b. TELEPONE NUMBER (Include area code) NSN Standard Form 98 (8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z9-8

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5 SUMMARY STATISTICS: - measures arrest rate (per, licensed drivers) Total arrests a Felony arrests a Misdemeanor arrests a YEAR b Total convictions c conviction rates c N/A 77.% 76.7% 77.% 78.% 79.% 78.8% 78.7% 77.% 7.% d 7.% d N/A i Alcohol- or drug-involved reckless driving convictions c Percent convicted of alcohol or drug reckless driving c N/A 8.% 8.% 8.% 8.% 7.9% 7.9% 8.% 9.% 8.% d 7.9% d N/A Alcohol-involved crash fatalities e % of crash fatalities Alcohol-involved crash injuries e % of crash injuries Drug-involved crash fatalities f % of crash fatalities Drug-involved crash injuries f % of crash injuries Note: N/A indicates that this information is not available yet for. a These totals do not include duplicate cases as originally reported in the Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center data. b Due to the underreporting of arrest data by CHP for the month of April, the total for is undercounted by approximately 6, arrests. c In the past, these data were updated for prior years in each successive -MIS report. Starting with the -MIS report, these figures show the total counts of convictions and conviction rates, by year of violation, as typically reported in Section of this report. They are no longer updated each year so are not comparable to data presented in the past. d The and later conviction rates and percent convicted of alcohol-reckless driving are derived using different data extraction procedures than those used in the past and are not comparable to figures for prior years. e These figures include cases in which drugs were also involved. They are provided annually by CHP prior to publication of this report. f These figures include cases in which alcohol was also involved. They are provided annually by CHP prior to publication of this report. -MIS REPORT

6 ii license actions Total mandatory suspension/ revocation (S/R) actions PRECONVICTION Admin Per Se (APS) Actions. Zero tolerance suspensions.8 First-offender suspensions.8 Repeat-offender suspensions.8 Repeat-offender revocations Commercial driver actions Chemical test refusal actions. Test refusal suspensions.8 Test refusal suspensions.8 Test refusal revocations POSTCONVICTION h Juvenile suspensions First-offender suspensions Misdemeanor Felony Second-offender S/R actions Misdemeanor Felony Third-offender revocations Misdemeanor Felony Fourth-or-more-offender revocations Total postconviction S/R actions SUMMARY STATISTICS: (CONTINUED) YEAR g g g g g g g g g g g g Some figures for have been slightly revised to adjust for duplicate records found after publishing last year s report. h These totals might include multiple license action activities associated with the same event. Total counts for 6 and later increased as a result of a law change, effective 9//. This law assigned to DMV the sole responsibility for imposing license actions for all s and removed this responsibility from the courts. -MIS REPORT

7 -MIS REPORT HIGHLIGHTS OF YEAR CALIFORNIA -MIS REPORT Alcohol-involved crash fatalities increased by 7.% in, following an increase of.6% in (see Summary Statistics). Drug-involved crash fatalities increased substantially, by.%, in, after an increase of.9% in, which is an increase of 8.% in the past decade (see Summary Statistics). Of the total number of crash fatalities, the percentage of alcohol-involved fatalities increased from 8.% in to 9.% in. The percentage of drug-involved fatalities increased from.% to 7.% during the same time period. The number of persons injured in alcohol-involved crashes increased by.% in, following a decrease of.% in (see Summary Statistics). arrests decreased by.% in, following decreases of 8.% in and 6.% in (see Summary Statistics and Table ). The arrest rate per, licensed drivers declined by.% in, following a decline of 8.6% in (see Summary Statistics)..% of all arrests were associated with a reported traffic crash, compared to.6% in..% of arrests were associated with crashes involving injuries or fatalities, similar to.8% in (see Table 7). Among arrestees, Hispanics (.%) were the largest racial/ethnic group, as they have been each year for over a decade. Hispanics continued to be arrested at a rate substantially higher than their estimated percentage of California s adult population (.% in ). This is shown in Figure. The median (midpoint) age of a arrestee in was years. Less than.% of all arrests were juveniles (under age 8). This is shown in Table a. Among convicted offenders arrested in, 7.7% were first offenders and 6.% were repeat offenders (one or more prior convictions within the previous years). The iii

8 -MIS REPORT proportion of repeat offenders has decreased considerably since 989, when it stood at 7%, even though prior convictions are counted over years now, but only over 7 years in 989 (see table 8). The median blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of a convicted offender, as reported by law enforcement on Administrative Per Se (APS) forms, was.% in, same as in the last 7 years, yet almost double the California illegal per se BAC limit of.8% (see Table 7a)..8% of arrest cases did not show any corresponding conviction on DMV records (see Table 6). iv

9 -MIS REPORT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author acknowledges with appreciation the many individuals who have contributed to the success of this project. In particular, we wish to acknowledge the cooperation of the Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, in providing annual arrest data and documentation, as well as the California Highway Patrol, Information Management Division, in providing annual alcohol- and drug-involved crash data and documentation. The conceptual design of this project was developed by former Research and Development Branch Chief Clifford J. Helander who was also its co-author for many years. His critical role in the establishment and creation of the project is greatly appreciated. The first author and the principal investigator of this report for years was Helen N. Tashima, former Research Program Specialist II. From the start, Helen worked diligently on all segments of the report, from the development of numerous data extraction and statistical analysis procedures, which are still in use, to putting a final touch on the information presented in the report. She was also a wonderful mentor and a guide to the author on the report. Helen s essential role in the project and her dedication throughout the years is invaluable. The contributions of Douglas Rickard, Associate Governmental Program Analyst, in transforming computer files into readable data tables and figures, as well as his general assistance in the production of this report, are acknowledged with appreciation. The author also would like to acknowledge the contributions of Patrice Rogers, Research Program Specialist II, Michael Gebers, Research Scientist III, and Scott Masten, Research Manager II, Alcohol/Drugs Projects, Research and Development Branch. Report Author: Sladjana Oulad Daoud, Research Program Specialist II, Principal Investigator v

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11 -MIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SUMMARY STATISTICS: -... i HIGHLIGHTS OF YEAR CALIFORNIA -MIS REPORT... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... v INTRODUCTION... SECTION : ARRESTS... SECTION : CONVICTIONS... SECTION : POSTCONVICTION SANCTIONS... SECTION : POSTCONVICTION SANCTION EFFECTIVENESS... RECIDIVISM AND CRASH RATES... 6 One-Year Recidivism and Crash Rates for First and Second Offenders Arrested from One-Year Recidivism and Crash Rates by County for First and Second Offenders Arrested in... 8 Long Term Recidivism Rates of the 99 Offenders... The Proportions of Program Referrals, Enrollments, and Completions for First and Second Offenders Arrested in... 7 PROGRAM EVALUATION FOR ALCOHOL- OR DRUG-RELATED RECKLESS OFFENDERS AND FIRST OFFENDERS... 8 Methods... 8 Results of the Program Evaluation for Drivers Convicted of Alcohol- or Drug-Reckless Driving... 9-Month Program Evaluation for Repeat Alcohol- or Drug-Related Reckless Drivers... Results of the Evaluation of -Month and 9-Month Programs for First Offenders... SECTION : ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS... SECTION 6: DRIVERS IN CRASHES INVOLVING ALCOHOL AND DRUGS... 9 DATA SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS... 7 HISTORY OF MAJOR LAWS IN CALIFORNIA SINCE REFERENCES GLOSSARY... 9 vii

12 -MIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) APPENDICES NUMBER PAGE A ASSEMBLY BILL NO CHAPTER... 9 B APPENDIX TABLES B ARRESTS BY COUNTY, AGE, SEX AND RACE/ETHNICITY B CONVICTIONS BY COUNTY, SEX, AND AGE... B CONVICTION DATA FOR ARRESTS BY COURT... B SANCTIONS BY COUNTY, COURT, AND OFFENDER STATUS... B DEMOGRAPHIC -YEAR PRIOR DRIVER RECORD VARIABLES FOR ALCOHOL- OR DRUG-RELATED RECKLESS OFFENDERS AND FIRST OFFENDERS ARRESTED IN... 9 LIST OF TABLES ARRESTS BY COUNTY, AND ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE,... 9 ARRESTS BY COUNTY AND TYPE OF ARREST... a ARRESTS BY AGE, SEX, AND RACE/ETHNICITY... b ARRESTS BY SEX, AGE, AND RACE/ETHNICITY... c ARRESTS UNDER AGE, -... CONVICTIONS BY AGE AND SEX... 7 CONVICTION DATA FOR ARRESTS ADJUDICATION STATUS OF ARRESTS BY COUNTY a REPORTED BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC) LEVELS OF AND ALCOHOL- OR DRUG-RECKLESS CONVICTIONS... 7b REPORTED BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC) LEVELS OF CONVICTED OFFENDERS UNDER AGE... viii

13 -MIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) NUMBER LIST OF TABLES (continued) PAGE 8 CONVICTIONS BY OFFENDER STATUS AND REPORTED BAC LEVEL... 9 COURT SANCTIONS BY OFFENDER STATUS... COURT SANCTIONS BY COUNTY AND OFFENDER STATUS... 6 a ONE-YEAR UNADJUSTED PERCENTAGES OF SUBSEQUENT - INCIDENT- INVOLVED AND CRASH-INVOLVED FIRST AND SECOND OFFENDERS, b -YEAR SUBSEQUENT RECIDIVISM RATES BY COUNTY FOR FIRST AND SECOND OFFENDERS... c -YEAR SUBSEQUENT CRASH RATES BY COUNTY FOR FIRST AND SECOND OFFENDERS... CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES OF FIRST SUBSEQUENT REOFFENSES FOR 99 OFFENDERS AND COHORT GROUPS... COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS OF REPORTED PROGRAM REFERRALS, ENROLLMENTS, AND COMPLETIONS FOR CONVICTED FIRST AND SECOND OFFENDERS ARRESTED IN... 8 a THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROGRAMS WITH SUBSEQUENT CRASHES AND INCIDENTS FOR DRIVERS CONVICTED OF ALCOHOL- OR DRUG-RELATED RECKLESS DRIVING ARRESTED IN... b THE RELATIONSHIP OF -MONTH AND 9-MONTH PROGRAMS WITH SUBSEQUENT CRASHES AND INCIDENTS AMONG FIRST OFFENDERS ARRESTED IN... MANDATORY LICENSE DISQUALIFICATION ACTIONS, ADMINISTRATIVE PER SE PROCESS MEASURES ARRESTS ASSOCIATED WITH REPORTED CRASHES, ix

14 -MIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) NUMBER LIST OF TABLES (continued) PAGE 8 ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY RACE/ETHNICITY AND IMPAIRMENT LEVEL ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY ADJUDICATION STATUS AND IMPAIRMENT LEVEL... 6 ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES WITH NO RECORD OF CONVICTION, BY COUNTY AND IMPAIRMENT LEVEL... 6 ALCOHOL-INVOLVED DRIVERS UNDER AGE IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES, a ALCOHOL-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY AGE AND SEX b ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY AGE AND SEX (NOT SUSPENDED UPON ARREST OR CONVICTED) a ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY IMPAIRMENT LEVEL AND PRIOR CONVICTIONS b ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY IMPAIRMENT LEVEL AND PRIOR CONVICTIONS (NOT SUSPENDED UPON ARREST OR CONVICTED) a ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY PRIOR CONVICTIONS b ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES BY PRIOR CONVICTIONS (NOT SUSPENDED UPON ARREST OR CONVICTED) REPORTED BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC) LEVELS OF ALCOHOL- AND DRUG- INVOLVED DRIVERS IN FATAL/INJURY CRASHES... 7 x

15 -MIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) NUMBER LIST OF FIGURES PAGE management information system... arrests Percentage of arrests and projected population (age and over, based on the census) by race/ethnicity... 8 convictions and conviction rates, -... Percentage representation of court-ordered sanctions ()... 6 Percentages of first and second offenders reoffending with a incident within year after conviction (arrested between 99 and ) Percentages of first and second offenders involved in a crash within year after conviction (arrested between 99 and ) a Cumulative percent of first subsequent conviction and incident (alcohol crashes, convictions, APS suspensions, and FTAs) for the 99 offenders... 8b Cumulative percent of first subsequent conviction by number of prior convictions for the 99 offenders... 8c Cumulative percent of first subsequent conviction by sex for the 99 offenders... 8d Cumulative percent of first subsequent conviction by age group (age at conviction date) for the 99 offenders... 8e 9a Cumulative percent of first subsequent reoffense of the 98, 98, 99, and offenders... 6 Adjusted -year crash and incident rates for alcohol- or drug-reckless drivers (arrested in ) by program assignment... xi

16 -MIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) LIST OF FIGURES (continued) NUMBER PAGE 9b Adjusted -year crash and incident rates for first offender drivers (arrested in ) by length of program... Percentages of crash injuries and fatalities that were alcohol-involved, Alcohol- and drug-involved crash fatalities, xii

17 -MIS REPORT INTRODUCTION This report is the twenty-third Annual Report of the California Management Information System, produced in response to Assembly Bill 77 (Friedman), Chapter, 989 legislative session, adding Section 8 to the vehicle code (see Appendix A). This bill required the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to establish and maintain a data and monitoring system to evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs for persons convicted of in order to provide accurate and up-to-date comprehensive statistics to enhance the ability of the Legislature to make informed and timely policy decisions. The need for such a data system had long been documented by numerous authorities, including the 98 Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving. In responding to this legislative mandate, this report combines and crossreferences data from diverse sources and presents them in a single reference. Data sources drawn upon include the California Highway Patrol (CHP) for crash data, Department of Justice (DOJ) for arrest data, and the DMV driver record database. Each of these reporting agencies, however, initially draw their data from diffuse primary sources such as individual law enforcement agencies (arrest and crash reports) and the courts (abstracts of conviction). The general conceptual design of the California management information system (- MIS) is presented in Figure. The basic theme of the -MIS is to track the processing of offenders through the system from the point of arrest and to identify the frequency with which offenders flow through each branch of the system process (from law enforcement through adjudication to treatment and license control actions). Figure also illustrates the relationship between offender flow and data collection at each point of the process. The initiating data source for the -MIS is the arrest report, as compiled by the DOJ, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR) system. Another major objective of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of court and administrative sanctions on convicted offenders. In the earlier years of this report, these evaluations were accomplished by examining the postconviction recidivism records (alcohol/drug-related crashes and traffic convictions) of offenders assigned to alternative sanctions within offender group. In recent years as the sanctions became increasingly homogenous within each offender group, the evaluations (as mandated by law) became focused on available sanctions in selected groups. These evaluations are detailed in Section on Postconviction Sanction Effectiveness.

18 Figure. management information system. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADJUDICATIVE TREATMENT LICENSE CONTROL Ch e mical Treatmen t Licen se Accid en t Co mp lain t Plea- Referred to Licen se Arrested? Test No t Su sp en d ed / INCIDENTS In v o lv ed? Filed? Barg ain? Co n v ictio n? Treatmen t? Rein stated? Refu sed? Rev o k ed? Co mp leted? Ad min istrativ e Per Treatmen t Su sp en sio n / Arrest Accid en t Co u rt Do ck et Co n v ictio n o f Treatmen t Rein statemen t o n Se Su sp en sio n Dro p o u t Rev o catio n o n Rep o rt Rep o rt Estab lish ed Lesser Offen se Co n v ictio n Referral Driv er Reco rd Rep o rt Driv er Reco rd Mo n th ly Arrest Licen se Su sp en sio n Statewid e an d Citatio n an d In teg rated Traffic Reg ister Pro cessin g Reco rd Sy stem Ab stract o f Co n v ictio n Au to mated Name In d ex Sy stem Driv er Reco rd Master File Data Ex tractio n Mo d u le -MIS Figure. management information system.

19 -MIS REPORT It should again be noted that it is not an objective of this report to make recommendations based on the data presented. Rather, the primary purpose of a reporting system such as the -MIS is to provide objective data on the operating and performance characteristics of the system for others to assess in making policy decisions, formulating improvements, and conducting more indepth evaluations. The -MIS data system and report has led to numerous improvements in the California system, from the identification of inappropriate dismissals in a small central valley court to major initiatives to improve the tracking and reporting of cases. The success of the California -MIS has also contributed to a national initiative to design a model reporting system, developed under contract to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

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21 -MIS REPORT SECTION : ARRESTS The information presented below on arrests is based primarily on data collected annually by the Department of Justice (DOJ), Criminal Justice Statistics Center, Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR) system. These data are the most current nonaggregated data available on arrests. This section includes the following tables and figures: Table : Arrests by County, and Annual Percentage Change, -. The number of arrests by county for the years - and the percentage change from - are shown in Table. Table : Arrests by County and Type of Arrest. This table shows a breakdown of arrests by felony, juvenile, and misdemeanor arrest type, by county. The table also shows county and statewide arrest rates per licensed drivers. Tables a and b: Arrests by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity. Table a cross tabulates age by sex and age by race/ethnicity of arrestees statewide. The same tabulations by county are found in Appendix Table B. Also, Table a shows the median age for arrestees. Table b shows the same data cross-tabulated by sex and age within race/ethnicity. Table c: Arrests Under Age, -. Table c shows a breakdown of arrests under, by age, from to. It also shows the proportion of total arrests under for the state over the same time period. Figure displays the trend in arrests from to. Figure shows the percentages of arrests and projected population by race/ethnicity.

22 SECTION : ARRESTS NUMBER OF ARRESTS Total Felony Misdmeanor YEAR Note. Due to the non-reporting of arrest data by CHP for the month of April, an undercount is present in the figures for (with approximately 6, fewer total arrests). Figure. arrests -. Based on the data shown in Figures and and previously listed tables, the following statements can be made about arrests in California: Statewide Parameters arrests decreased by.% in, after decreasing by 8.% in (see Table ). Table shows that the arrest rate per licensed drivers was.7 in, slightly lower than.8 in and. This represents a 6% reduction from the.8 rate in 99. The percentage of arrests that were felonies (involving bodily injury or death) increased from.6% in to.9% in. Felony arrests continue to constitute a relatively small percentage of all arrests (see Table ). County Variation.% of all California arrests occurred in Los Angeles County. Five counties (Los Angeles, San Diego, Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside) had over, arrests each, accounting for.9% of all arrests (see Table ). The county arrest rates ranged from. to. arrests per licensed drivers (the statewide average rate is.7). Three counties had rates of. or below. These counties 6

23 -MIS REPORT with low arrest rates were San Francisco (.), Santa Clara (.), and Solano (.). Two counties had rates of. or higher Alpine (.) and Trinity (.). This is shown in Table. Most counties had fewer arrests in. Among the larger counties, the greatest percentage decrease occurred in San Diego (-.%). Among smaller counties, the largest percentage decrease in arrests occurred in Inyo (-.%) and San Benito (-.%). Counties showing the largest percentage increase in arrests were Fresno (6.9%), Lassen (.6%), Amador (.7%), and Santa Cruz (.%). This is shown in Table. Demographic Characteristics The median age of a arrestee in was years. Slightly more than half (.%) of all arrestees were age or younger and almost three-quarters (7.%) were age or younger. Less than % of all arrests involved juveniles (under age 8)..% of all arrestees were over age 6 (see Table a). Among all arrestees, the percentage of arrests under age 8 decreased slightly from. in, to. in. The percentage of arrests under age decreased from 7.8 in, to 7. in. This is shown in Table c. Males comprised 76.% of all arrests, the same as in (see Table a). The proportion of females among arrests has risen from.6% in 989 to.% in. In, Hispanics (.%) again represented the largest ethnic group among arrestees, as they have each year for over a decade. Hispanics continued to be arrested at a rate substantially higher than their estimated population parity of.% (Department of Finance, Demographic Research and Census Data Center). Blacks were also overrepresented among arrestees (8.% of arrests,.9% of the population), while other racial/ethnic groups were underrepresented among arrestees, relative to their estimated population parity. These underrepresented groups were Whites (8.6% of arrests,.7% of the population) and Other (9.% of arrests, 6.% of the population). This is shown in Table a and Figure. Among male arrestees, 8.% were Hispanic,.8% were White, 8.% were Black, and 8.9% were Other. Among female arrestees,.% were White,.% were Hispanic, 8.% were Black, and 9.% were Other. The overrepresentation of Hispanics among offenders appears to be limited to males (see Table b). 7

24 SECTION : ARRESTS In some counties where the population of Hispanics is high, their arrest rate is also high. For example, in the following seven counties, Hispanics comprised 6% or more of those arrested for during : Imperial (7.%), Tulare (7.6%), San Benito (68.%), Madera (6.7%), Merced (6.%), Monterey (6.%), and Fresno (6.%). However, in most other counties, the majority of arrestees were White (see Appendix Table B). The median age of a arrestee varied by race: Blacks were the oldest with a median age of. years, while Other and Hispanics had a median age of 9. years (see Table a) arrests projected population PERCENTAGE White Hispanic Black Other Figure. Percentage of arrests and projected population (age and over, based on the census) by race/ethnicity. 8

25 -MIS REPORT a TABLE : ARRESTS BY COUNTY, AND ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE, COUNTY % CHANGE - STATEWIDE ALAMEDA ALPINE 8.7 AMADOR BUTTE CALAVERAS -.9 COLUSA CONTRA COSTA 6. DEL NORTE EL DORADO FRESNO GLENN HUMBOLDT IMPERIAL INYO KERN KINGS LAKE -. LASSEN LOS ANGELES MADERA MARIN MARIPOSA 8 9. MENDOCINO MERCED MODOC MONO MONTEREY NAPA NEVADA 68. ORANGE PLACER PLUMAS RIVERSIDE 6. SACRAMENTO SAN BENITO SAN BERNARDINO SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SAN JOAQUIN SAN LUIS OBISPO SAN MATEO SANTA BARBARA SANTA CLARA SANTA CRUZ SHASTA SIERRA 7 8. SISKIYOU SOLANO SONOMA STANISLAUS SUTTER 7-7. TEHAMA 7 -. TRINITY 6 -. TULARE TUOLUMNE 9 7. VENTURA YOLO YUBA a DOJ arrest totals with boat (N = ) removed. The non-reporting of approximately 6, arrests by CHP for the month of April is reflected in this table s figures. 9

26 SECTION : ARRESTS TABLE : ARRESTS BY COUNTY AND TYPE OF ARREST TYPE OF ARREST ARRESTS PER FELONY JUVENILE MISDEMEANOR LICENSED COUNTY N % N % N % N % DRIVERS STATEWIDE ALAMEDA ALPINE AMADOR BUTTE CALAVERAS COLUSA CONTRA COSTA DEL NORTE EL DORADO FRESNO GLENN HUMBOLDT IMPERIAL INYO KERN KINGS LAKE LASSEN LOS ANGELES MADERA MARIN MARIPOSA MENDOCINO MERCED MODOC MONO MONTEREY NAPA NEVADA ORANGE PLACER PLUMAS RIVERSIDE SACRAMENTO SAN BENITO SAN BERNARDINO SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SAN JOAQUIN SAN LUIS OBISPO SAN MATEO SANTA BARBARA SANTA CLARA SANTA CRUZ SHASTA SIERRA SISKIYOU SOLANO SONOMA STANISLAUS SUTTER TEHAMA TRINITY TULARE TUOLUMNE VENTURA YOLO YUBA