MA Psychology :: I Year

Transcription

1 MA Psychology :: I Year Syllabus: Paper I :: General Psychology UNIT I: DEFINITION OF PSYCHOLOGY: The works of Psychologists The Early Scholars of Psychology - The Modem Perspective. THE BIOLOGICAL BASES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR: Species Typical Behaviour Patterns Brain and Behaviour: Nervous System - Spinal Card, Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Reticular Formation, Associative Cortex, Behaviour and Experience - hemisphere Function. UNIT II: SENSORY PROCESSES AND PERCEPTION: Sensory Processes: Vision, Hearing, Smell, Taste, Skin Attention Perception: Form Perception Visual Depth Perception Perceptual Constancy Movement Perception - Plasticity Individual Difference. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING: Classical Conditioning Instruments Conditioning Cognitive learning - The learner and Learning: MEMORY: STM LTM Forgetting Amnesia - improving Memory. THINKING AND LANGUAGE: Thinking process Concepts Problem Solving Decision Making Creative Thinking Language Communication. UNIT III: MOTIVATION: Motivation as Inferences, Explanation and Predictors Theories of Motivation Biological Motivation Social Motivate Motivate to know and to be Effective Frustration and Conflict of Motives. EMOTION AND STRESS: Expression and Perception of Emotion The Physiology of Emotion Body Language Lie Detectors Stress Coping with Stress Theories of Emotion. UNIT IV: NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE: Factor Theories and Process Orientation Theories of Intelligence Assessing intelligence Tests Individual Difference in intelligence Mentally Gifted genetic and Environment influence on Intelligence (Nature and Nurture Issues) Group Difference in Intelligence. UNIT V: PERSONALITY: Meaning and Definition Theories of Personality: Type, Trait, dynamic, Psychoanalytical, Learning and Behavioral, and Humanistic Theories Personality Assessment Issues and Controversies in Personality Theory and Research. REFERENCE: 1.Morgan, C.T. King, R.A. Weisy, J.R, & Scooper, J. Introduction to Psychology. New Delhi: Tata Mc Grew - Hill, VII.,, Baron A. Robert (1993) Psychology: Prentice Hall of India PVT. Ltd., New Delhi.

2 MA Psychology :: I Year Paper II :: Development Psychology UNIT I: Growth and Decline - Meaning of Developmental changes. Significant facts about Development The Life Span Recent focus of Interest in Life Span Happiness and Unhappiness during the life span. Stages of Development Principles of Development The Prenatal period Characteristics of the prenatal period characteristics of Infancy Major adjustments of Infancy Hazards of Infancy. Babyhood Characteristics of Babyhood Developmental tasks. Psychological functions Muscle, Speech Interest in play understanding Morality Sex-role Typing Family Relationships. UNIT II : Early childhood Characteristics of early childhood Developmental Tasks Physiological habits, Improvements in Speech Emotions Socialization Play understanding Sex-role Typing - Late Childhood Characteristics of Late Childhood Developmental Tasks Physiological Habits Skills Emotions Socialization Play understanding Sex-role Tying Family Relationships Personality Hazards and Happiness in late Childhood. UNIT III : Characteristics of Puberty Criteria causes Age Growth Spurt Body changes at Puberty Effects of Puberty changes and Deviant Maturing Sources of Concern Hazard and unhappiness at Puberty. Adolescence The adolescent years characteristics of Adolescence Developmental Tasks Emotionality Social Interests and Morality changes during adolescence Sex Interests Sex behaviour and Approved Sex Roles Family Relationships, Personality changes and Hazards of Adolescence. UNIT IV : Early Adulthood: Personal and Social Adjustments: Characteristics of early Adulthood Developmental Tasks changes in Interests Social Mobility Sex-role adjustment. Personal and Social Hazards of Early Adulthood. Early Adulthood: Vocational and Family Adjustments: Vocational, Marital, Parenthood, Single hood and Hazards of Adjustments Middle Age: Personal and social Adjustment Characteristics and Developmental Tasks Adjustments to Physical Changes Assessment of Adjustments of Physical Changes. Middle Age : Vocational and Family Adjustments. Adjustments to Vocational, Family Patterns, Single hood, Loss of a spouse, Approaching Retirement and Old Age Vocational and Marital Hazards of Middle Age. UNIT V : Old age: Personal and Social Adjustments Characteristics and Developmental Tasks of Old age. Adjustment to Physical Changes Motor Abilities Hazards to Personal and Social Adjustments in old age. Old age: Vocational and Family Adjustment: Adjustments to Vocational, Retirement, Family Life, Loss of a Spouse, Remarriage Cohabitation, and Single hood in old age Living arrangements for the Elderly Geographic Mobility Vocational and Family Life Hazards and Assessment Adjustment to Old Age. REFERENCES: 1. HURLOCK. E.B (1980) Development Psychology: A Life Span Approach (Fifth Ed) New Delhi: Tata Mc Graw Hill pub.co.ltd. 2. SANTROCK. J.W (1997) Life Span Development (sixth Ed) Chicago: Brown Mark.

3 MA Psychology :: I Year Paper III :: Personality UNIT I : Introduction Definition of Personality Determinants of Personality Personality assessment. UNIT II : The Psychoanalytic Approach: Introduction to Structure, Development and Dynamics of Psychoanalytical Theory. Freud, Jung and Adler. Sigmund Freud s Psychoanalytical Theory Carl Jung s Analytic Theory Adler s Social Psychological Theory Erikson Contemporary Psychoanalytical Theory UNIT III : Type and Trait Approach: Sheldon Type Theory, Cattel s Trait Theory, Eysencks Biological Trait Theory, Allport Trait Approach. UNIT IV : Humanistic Approach: Maslow s Hierarchical Theory of Human Motivation. Assumptions about human nature. Carl Roger s Person centered Theory. Structure, dynamics and development of personality. Concept of Counselling. UNIT V : Behaviourist Approach: Dollard and Miller s Stimulus Response Theory The structure, Dynamics and development of S-R-Theory. B.F. Skinner s operant conditioning The structure, dynamics and development of personalityalbert Bandura Social Learning Theory. REFERENCES: 1. Hall C.S. & Lindzey. G. Theories of Personality 3rd Ed. Newyork. J. Wiley &Sons 2. Caloin S. Hall, Gardner Lindzey, John B. Compbell Theories of Personality, John Wiley & Son (Fourth Ed). 3. Elizabeth B. Hurlock- Tata Mc. Graw Hill - Personality Development.

4 MA Psychology :: I Year Paper IV :: Social Psychology UNIT I: The field of social Psychology: How we think about and Interact with others: A working Definition of Social Psychology Social Psychology in the new Millennium Research methods in Social Psychology. Social Perception: Understanding others Attribution: Understanding the causes of others behaviour Theories of Attribution Impression formation and impression management. Social Cognition: Thinking about others and the social world: Heuristics Mental shortcuts in Social Cognition Basic aspects of Social thought potential sources of Errors in Social Cognition Affect and Cognition: How thought shapes feelings and feeling shape thought. UNIT II: Attitudes: Evaluating the Social World Forming attitudes Social Learning, Direct Experience and Genetic Factors Attitudes and Behavior. The essential Link Specificity, Components, Strength, Vested interest, the Role of Self-Awareness Accessibility Persuasion: The Traditional and cognitive Approaches Resistance to persuasion cognitive Dissonance Social Identity Self and Gender The Self, Self Concept, Self Esteem Self-efficiency, Self Monitoring Behavior, Self Focusing Gender Maleness or Femaleness as a Crucial Aspect of identify. UNIT III : Prejudice and Discrimination: Understanding their Nature, Countering their Effects. The origins of Prejudice. Direct Intergroup contact. Recategorization Cognitive intervention Prejudice based on Gender. Its nature and effects Gender stereotypes Discrimination against females, Sexual Harassment. Interpersonal Attraction : Getting Acquainted, Becoming friends; Proximity and Emotions The need to affiliate and reactions to Observable Characteristics Similarity and Reciprocity in becoming friends. Close Relationships Friends & Love: Moving beyond casual Friendships Relationships among relative s, friends and lovers. What is love? What is Loneliness? UNIT IV : Social Influence: Changing Others Behavior: Group influence in action Factors Affecting Confirmity. The bases of Confirmity, Need for individuation and need for control, Minority influences- Compliance, Obedience: Social influence by demand. Prosocial behavior providing help to others Responding to an Emergency Bystander behavior, Five necessary cognitive steps for help Internal and External factors that influence Altruistic behavior, role models, Emotion, Characteristics of the Victim Prosocial Behavior: Empathy Altruism theory. UNIT V : Aggression: Theoretical perspective on Aggression In search of the roots of Violence Determinants of Human Aggression: Social, Personal, situational. Aggression in long-term relationships. The prevention and control of Aggression. Groups and Individuals : Groups: What they are and how they function: How groups affect individual performance: from Social facilitation to Social Loafing Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or conflict? Perceived Fairness in Groups: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its nature and effects Decision making by Groups. REFERENCES : 1. ROBERT A. BARON & BRYNE.D (1999) Social Psychology (Eigth Ed) New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. 2. MOGHADDAN.F.D (1998) Social Psychology: New York : W.H. Freeman.

5 MA Psychology :: I Year Practical I (GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY) 1. Span of Attention 2. Maze Test 3. Habit Interference Test 4. Recall and Recognition Test 5. Observation and Accuracy of Testimony 6. Raven s Progressive Matrices 7. Koh s Block Design 8. Group Intelligence Test 9. Differential Aptitude Test (Indian Adaptation) 10. Mirror Drawing experiment (PERSONALITY and SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY) 1. Introversion - Extroversion Test 2. Multiple variable Personality Inventory 3. TAT (Test) Indian Adaptation 4. Level of Aspiration 5. Emotional Maturity Scale 6. Leadership Preference Scale 7. Indian adaptation of Clark s parent child relationship Questionnaire 8. Bell s adjustment Inventory 9. Social Intelligence 10. Interest Inventory

6 MA Psychology :: II Year Paper I :: Psychopathology UNIT I : ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY : What is Abnormal Psychology? The epidemiology of Maladaptive Behaviour The Historical Background of Abnormal Psychology - Physiological and Organic Behaviour Seeking help for Abnormal Behaviour Research in Abnormal Psychology. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR: The role of the Theory in Abnormal Psychology The Biological Perspective The Psychodynamic Perspective The Behavioral Perspective The Community Cultural Perspective An integral approach. CLASSIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT: Classification: Categories of Maladaptive Behaviour Advantages and Disadvantages Vulnerability, Resiliency and coping The Multiaxial approach DSM IV the major diagnostic categories Evaluation of DSM Multiaxial Approach Research on classification assessment: The basis of classification ICD 10 classification. UNIT II : STRESS, COPING AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR: Stress and coping Social Support Stressful situation and life Transitions Clinical Reactions to stress Treating stress Related Problems. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS: Psychological, Social and Bodily Interactions Psychophysiological Disorders Somatoform disorders Factitious Disorders and Malingering. ANXIETY DISORDERS: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder interpreting and treating anxiety Disorders. SEXUAL VARATIONS AND DISORDERS: Changing views of sexual Behaviour Homosexuality Sexual Dysfunctions Gender identify Disorder The paraphilias Sexual Victimizations. UNIT III : PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Classifications Odd or Eccentric Behaviours Dramatic, Emotional or Erratic Behaviour - Anxious or Fearful Behaviours Treatment of Personality Disorders. MOOD DISORDERS: Depression Depressive Disorders Theoretical Perspecives on Depression Bipolar Disorders Suicide. SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERS: Characteristics and probable causes Major subtypes of schizophrenia What causes schizophrenic Disorder? Methods of Studying Genetic and Environmental Factors Psychological Research Treatment, and Outcome Attention, Cognition and the Schizophrenic process Therapeutic Approaches. UNIT IV : COGNITIVE IMAIRMENT DISORDERS: The Brain An interactional Perspective Delirium Dementia Amnestic Disorders An Integrative Approach to Brain Disorders. SUBSTANCE RELATED DISORDERS: Substance use Disorders Substance Induced Disorders Alcohol related Disorders Other Drugs Substance Dependence and Social policy. DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE: The scope of the problem Disruptive Behaviour internalizing Disorders Eating Disorder Therapy for Children and Adolescents. DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS : Autistic Disorder Mental Retardation. UNIT V : THERAPIES AND THEIR OUTCOMES: Psychotherapy Cognitive Behavioural therapies Group Therapy Research on the Psychological therapies Integration of Psychologically based therapeutic approaches Biological Therapies Hospitalizations. SOCIETY S RESPONSE TO MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR: Types of prevention sites of prevention The challenge of prevention Treatment in the community Legal Aspects of Treatment and prevention. REFERENCE: 1. SARASON I.G. & SARASON, B.R (1998). Abnormal Psychology. The problem of maladaptive behavior VIII edition, prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. 2. RONALD F.COMER (1996). Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology: Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.

7 MA Psychology :: II Year Paper II :: Research Methodology UNIT I Meaning of Research Purpose of research Types of research : Basic, Applied and Action Research- Significance of Research - Criteria of good Research - Steps in Research process - Problem formulation- Setting research objectives-formulating hypotheses. UNIT - II Research Design Methods: Historical Normative Exploratory-Descriptive Experimental - Case method - Cross section and longitudinal methods-participatory- Choosing the right method of research UNIT- III Data collection Secondary vs primary data sources Primary data collection tools: Observation- Interview- Tests- Questionnaire- Rating scales and Attitude scales Characteristics of research tools validity, reliability and objectivity - Standardization of test. UNIT - IV Sampling methods Probability vs non-probability sample- Sample size determination- Data presentation Descriptive statistics Measure of Central tendency Dispersion Normal distribution Skewness and kurtosis Tabular and Graphical representation- Data analysis Measuring the power of a hypothesis tests Procedure for hypothesis testing. UNIT - V Testing and reporting- Important parametric tests : Hypothesis testing for difference of proportions and means and for comparing two or more related samples(t- test, z - test, ANOVA) Hypothesis testing of correlation coefficients Non parametric tests: Chi Square test Sign test-mann- Whitney U test. Interpretation and discussion of findings-identifying limitations - Preparing research report.. REFERENCES: 1. R. Paneerselvan(2004) Research Methodology,PHI :New Delhi 2. G.R. Kothari - Research Methodology - Methods & Technicians, 2nd Edition New Age International Publishers, New Delhi 3. Devendra Thakur (2000) - Research Methodology in Social Sciences Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi

8 MA Psychology :: II Year Paper III :: Counselling UNIT I : Introduction to Counselling : Meaning and Definition of Counselling. Purpose and goals of Counselling Perspectives in Counselling Psychodynamic, Cognitive humanistic, behavioral, sociological Effective counselling. Factors contributing to the emergence of counselling counselling and psycho Therapy counselling and Guidance. Counselling as a helping relationship. UNIT II : Counselling Process: Introduction Preparation for Counselling Nature and characteristics of the Counselling Process steps in the Counselling Process Counselling Relationship. Relationship Techniques: Rapport reflection of feeling, acceptance, silence, reassurance, Counsellors skills Portrait of an effective counsellor. Counselling Interview Non-verbal communication in Interview Counsellee Counsellor relationship. Interviewing techniques in counsellling. Empathy as the key to the counselling process. UNIT III : Approaches to Counselling - Introduction The Directive approach Humanistic approach Roger s self-theory Development of Self-concept. Behavioristic approaches to counselling The eclectic approach. UNIT IV : Counselling for special groups: Counselling children with learning and behaviour problems: Counselling for the mentally retarded, counselling adolescents for better adjustment, counselling women Marital and family counselling Counselling the alcoholic drug abuse groups. UNIT V : Counselling for anxiety problems stress and burnout. Counselling for depression. Guidance and counselling in the educational setting - career counselling. REFERENCES: 1. Bhatnagar, A & Gupta N (1999) Guidance and Counselling. A Theoretical perspective: New Delhi Vikas Publishing House. 2. Hallam R. (1992) Counselling for Anxiety Problems: London: Sage Publication. 3. S. Naryana Rao (1997) Counselling and Guidance: Tata Mc. Graw-Hill

9 MA Psychology :: II Year Paper IV :: Organizational Psychology UNIT-I : Meaning of Organisational Behavior Goals of Organisational Behavior Basic concepts of Organisational Behavior - Basic approaches - Human resources, Contingency, Result oriented and Systems Approach. Limitations of Organisational Behavior. The elements of an Organisational Behavior system. The role of Management s philosophy and paradigms. Alternative models of Organisational Behavior and their effects. Communication Communication fundamentals importance The two-way communication process potential problem barriers communication symbols Downward and upward communication. Other forms of communication Electronic communication, Informal communication. Improving communication and managing conflict. The importance of listening - Developing listening skills. Appraising and Rewarding performance Money as a means of rewarding employees. Application of the motivational models. Organisational Behaviour and performance Appraisal Degree feed back program -Appraisal problems Nature of attribution- Application of attribution - Economic incentive systems wage incentives Profit sharing gain sharing skill - based pay UNIT- II : Motivation Motivational drives Managerial application of drives Human needs. Maslow s hierarchy of needs Herzbergs factor model. Behaviour modification Alternative consequence, Schedules of Reinforcement - Interpreting Behavior modification, goal setting Elements - the Expectancy model, the Equity model. UNIT- III : Leadership: The nature of Leadership, Tracts of effective leaders Leadership behavior, situational aspects Followership Behavioral approaches to leadership style, Automatic, consultative and participative leaders. Blake and Mouton s Managerial grid contingency approaches to leadership style. Fiedler s contingency model. Path goal model of leadership. Vroom s decision making theory. Emerging approaches to leadership substitutes for leadership. UNIT- IV : Employee attitudes and their effects The nature of employee attitudes Job satisfaction Job involvement Effects of Employee attitudes changing employee attitude - Conflict in organisation Nature, levels of conflict sources of conflict Effects of conflict model of conflict Resolution strategies, Assertive Behavior. Inter personal orientation -stroking, power and politics. Types of power Organisational politics. Influence and political power. Types of groups The nature of informal organisations - Benefits and problems associated with informal organisation, formal groups structural approaches potential outcomes of formal group processes. Consensus. UNIT- V : Managing Change The nature of change Responses to change, Resistance to change. Types of Resistance Implementing change successfully Three stages in change, building support for change understanding organisation development Characteristics of organisation development The OD process benefits and limitations of OD Stress and counseling Employee stress causes of stress, Job related causes of stress frustration stress and job performance. Approaches to stress management. Counseling what is counseling The goal of counseling, Need for counseling function of counseling, Types of counseling. REFERENCES: 1) Newstrom and Keith Davis Organisational Behavior Human Behavior at Work - Mc Grow Hill 11th edition Human behavior at work 2) Fred Lutham Organisational Behavior Mc Grow Hill 9th edition 3) Stephen P Robins Organisational Behavior PHI 10th edition

10 MA Psychology :: II Year Practical - II (PSYCHOPATHOLOGY) 1. Anxiety Scale 2. Frustration Measurement Scale 3. Self concept Questionnaire (Indian Adaptation) 4. Aggression Scale 5. IPAT anxiety scale (Indian Adaptation) 6. Mentally Depression Scale 7. Security, Insecurity Inventory 8. Neurotic personality Inventory 9. Mental health check list 10. Psycho-Physiological state Inventory (ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY) 1. Steadiness Test 2. O Connor Finger Dexterity Test 3. Two hand Coordination 4. Ergo Graph 5. Reation Time 6. Minnisota Rate of Manipulation Test 7. Eye-hand coordination Test 8. Neurosis measurement scale 9. Personality need Inventory 10. Case Study