Testing Disk Imaging Tools

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1 DIGITAL FORENSIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE Testing Disk Imaging Tools By James Lyle Presented At The Digital Forensic Research Conference DFRWS 2002 USA Syracuse, NY (Aug 6 th - 9 th ) DFRWS is dedicated to the sharing of knowledge and ideas about digital forensics research. Ever since it organized the first open workshop devoted to digital forensics in 2001, DFRWS continues to bring academics and practitioners together in an informal environment. As a non-profit, volunteer organization, DFRWS sponsors technical working groups, annual conferences and challenges to help drive the direction of research and development.

2 NIST CFTT: Testing Disk Imaging Tools James R. Lyle National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Md

3 Talk Overview Project Background Test methodology Creating the disk imaging specification Testing imaging tools Current CFTT status Future directions DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 2

4 DISCLAIMER Certain trade names and company products are mentioned in the text or identified. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 3

5 Goals of CFTT Problem: Computer forensic investigators need tools that Work well and Produce results admissible in court Response: Establish a testing methodology by developing for forensic tools Specifications Test procedures Test cases DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 4

6 Why is NIST involved? Mission: Assist federal, state & local agencies NIST is a neutral organization not law enforcement or vendor NIST provides an open, rigorous process DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 5

7 Overview of Methodology CFTT directed by Steering Committee Functionality driven Specifications developed for specific categories of activities, e.g., disk imaging, hard drive write protect, etc. Test methodology developed for each category DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 6

8 Developing a Specification After tool category selected by SC Focus group (law enforcement + ITL) develop tool category specification Spec posted to web for public comment Comments incorporated Develop test environment DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 7

9 Tool Test Process After SC selects a tool Acquire tool & review documentation Select test cases Execute test cases Produce test report DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 8

10 Capabilities to test disk imaging Accuracy of copy Compare disks Initialize disk sectors to unique content Verify source disk unchanged Corrupt an image file Error handling: reliably faulty disk DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 9

11 Test Case Structure: Setup 1. Record details of source disk setup. 2. Initialize the source disk to a known value. 3. Hash the source disk and save hash value. 4. Record details of test case setup. 5. Initialize a destination disk. 6. If the test requires a partition, create and format a partition on the destination disk. 7. If the test uses an image file, partition and format a disk for the image file. DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 10

12 Test Case Structure: Run Tool 8. If required, setup I/O error 9. If required, create image file 10. If required, corrupt image file 11. Create destination DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 11

13 Test Case Structure: Measure 12. Compare Source to Destination 13. Rehash the Source DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 12

14 Disk Imaging Test Parameters Parameter Functions Value Copy, Image, Verify Source interface BIOS to IDE, BIOS to SCSI, ATA, ASPI, Legacy BIOS Dst interface Relative size Errors Object type Remote access Src=Dst, Src<Dst, Src>Dst None, Src Rd, Dst Wt, Img R/W/C Disk, FAT12/16/32, NT, Ext2 Yes, no DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 13

15 Evaluating Test Results If a test exhibits an anomaly 1. Look for hardware or procedural problem 2. Anomaly seen before 3. If unique, look at more cases 4. Examine similar anomalies DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 14

16 Refining the Test Procedure During dd testing some results seemed to indicate that the Linux environment was making a change to the source disk. After investigation we found that the problem was actually the test procedure. DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 15

17 Current Status Test reports for Linux dd & SafeBack 2.18 in final review Developing test cases for software hard drive write protect specification Running EnCase tests DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 16

18 Future Tasks Deleted file recovery specification Hardware hard disk write protect device specification Testing other disk imaging tools DFRWS 7 Aug 02 NIST/ITL/SDCT/CFTT 17

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