Specifics in Guidance with migrant students

Transcription

1 Dr. Bernd Lienstädt Retz Specifics in Guidance with migrant students Opportunities and Problems for migrant students in Germany and how to cope with them

2 Table of contents Introduction. What are the main groups of people we are working with? Introduction to legal regulations. (Very short!) Typical problems in counselling with migrant students. (Not so short!) What strategies and counselling methods are needed in guidance with migrant students? Open Questions? (If you have any, feel free to ask immediately) Seite 2

3 What are the main groups of people we are working with? University students from non EU countries. University students from EU countries. University students and pupils who where born and raised in Germany with a migrant background. Immigrants with academical graduations from non EU countries. Immigrants with academical graduations from EU countries. Seite 3

4 Introduction to legal regulations I Direct job entry after graduation As a non-eu citizen, you need another residence permit with a new title after graduation ( Aufenthaltstitel ). When graduating from a German university, this is more of a formality. You need: Passport. Diploma (Transcript) certifying your successful graduation. Proof of Health Insurance. Financial proof to make a living here. Quelle: Seite 4

5 Introduction to legal regulations II Direct job entry after graduation Your new residence permit title ( Aufenthaltstitel ) will contain the following: 18 months of permitted residence to look for a job equivalent to your qualifications. During these 18 months any job to secure your livelihood is allowed, including jobs requiring less qualifications or part-time jobs. Quelle: June 2014, Bundesagentur für Arbeit Seite 5

6 Introduction to legal regulations III Indirect job entry after graduation After returning to your home country you will need a visa for your job search. You obtain these from your German embassies. It grants you a 6 month residence permit to look for a job equivalent to your qualifications. During these 6 months no job to secure your livelihood is allowed. You have to be able to sustain yourself from other sources during this time. Quelle: June 2014, Bundesagentur für Arbeit Seite 6

7 Introduction to legal regulations IV Accepting a job offer At the end of these 18 or 6 months, a job equivalent to your qualifications needs to be found, that covers at least your living expenses. The decision whether your new job fulfills these criteria is decided by the responsible Aliens Department ( Ausländerbehörde ). You have the choice between a residence title ( Aufenthaltstitel ) and a blue card EU ( Blaue Karte EU ). You can clarify which one applies to you with your Aliens Department. Both are temporary at first. A residence title ( Aufenthaltstitel ) allows 6 months of residence within the EU without expiring. A blue card EU ( Blaue Karte EU ) allows 12 months of residence within the EU without expiring. Two years later you can receive an unlimited residence permit ( Niederlassungserlaubnis ) if you are still employed. Quelle: June 2014, Bundesagentur für Arbeit Seite 7

8 Typical problems in counseling with migrant students Common problems for any kind of students. Problems with the German language. Specific problems of university students and pupils who where born and raised in Germany with a migrant background. Financial Problems. Problems with racism, sexism, wrong citizenships. Seite 8

9 Common problems for any kind of students Problems: What is actually an adequate job for me? How and where to find job offers? How to apply to a job in Germany? How to deal with non existend work experience? Strategies: Helping the individual to find an adequate job for him or her. Up-to-date knowledge about anything regarding the German labour market for graduates. How to write an application. Make clear for migrant students that any student has to deal with these common problems. Seite 9

10 Problems with the German language Seite 10

11 Problems with the German language Problems: German language proficiency is the criterium for entering the German job market! For adequate jobs, German language skills are expected on an academic level! Of course there are companies with an English working language. But after that...? Going grocery shopping, doing sports or going out for drinks with colleagues after work? Without German, that will be difficult! Would like to start your professional career in Germany? Without the local language skills? Very difficult! Seite 11

12 Problems with the German language More Problems: German universities tend to intensify their number of English speaking degree programms. It is very hard to get an adequate German level in a one or two year Master programm. Between 70%-80% open jobs are in Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Migrant students do not know the culture and differences in the German corporate world. Therefore migrant students often do not see the significance for learning proper German. Seite 12

13 Problems with the German language Die hundert beliebtesten Unternehmen bei Absolventen/innen (The 100 most popular companies of graduates) Die hundert beliebtesten Unternehmen bei Mitarbeitern/innen (The 100 most popular companies of employees) November 2014, Bundesagentur für Arbeit Seite 13

14 Problems with the German language Strategies: Very limited because of the recruitment practices of employers. Try to affect the recruitment practices of employers. Try to affect on the universities that their migrant students from abroad have to undergo compulsory German language moduls. Creating a procedure to assist migrant graduates to enter the German labour market easier. This procedure was funded by the ESF. Seite 14

15 Problems with the German language Strategies: ESF procedure modules 1) Information about the German labour market, related to the relevant branches of study. 2) Strategies in searching for job offers. 3) Strategies in selfmarketing for graduates. 4) Individuell career planing. 5) Create individuell application documents. 6) Training for job interviews / assessment centers. Seite 15

16 Specific problems of university students and pupils who where born and raised in Germany with a migrant background Problems: Family structures set narrow borders for occupational choice and mobility. Difficulties in personal classification into different cultural groups. What are the advantages and disadvantages while living between different cultural areas? Strategies: Work in schools with pupils and their parents. Give informations about the different ways of qualifications in Germany. Take the above problems serious. Emphasize positive aspects of these biographies. Inform employers about the benefits of these biographies. Seite 16

17 Financial Problems Problems: Length of studenships for PHD or Master programmes are not sufficient. Sometimes no working permit for jobs outside the PHD programme. Family backup too low or breaking away completely. Loss of student jobs after studies ending. Strategies: Not so much we can do here. Know which institutions might be helpful. If we have to deal with EU citiziens or people with a residence title, the BA could help in some ways. Round tables. Seite 17

18 Problems with racism, sexism, wrong citizenships Problems: Racism. Sexism. Wrong citizenship. Strategies: Discuss these type of existing problems with the students. Do not negate these kind of prejustices in Germany. Be open to discuss these problems with employers and society in general. To be part of initiatives who deals with prejustice, for example Round tables. Seite 18

19 Strategies and counselling methods in guidance with migrant students Openness!!! Serious knowledge about the German labour market. High competence in dealing with cultural differences. Ability to formulate sensible, but plain and consequent, what degree of cultural assimilation will be expected from migrant students. Get clear about your own prejustices!! Don t let them steer your attitude. Seite 19

20 Strategies and counselling methods in guidance with employers, university departments and others. Discuss similarities and differences between migrant and non migrant students. Identify for the above groups, the problems migrant students have. Use your knowledge about migrant students to dispel doubts on the employer s side. Don t get tired to emphasize the advantages for society and economy if migrant students would stay and work in Germany! Seite 20

21 Specifics in Guidance with migrant students Any Open Questions??? Comments?? November 2014, Bundesagentur für Arbeit Seite 21

22 Specifics in Guidance with migrant students Thank you for your Attention! November 2014, Bundesagentur für Arbeit Seite 22