JavaScript: Control Statements II Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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1 1 JavaScript: Control Statements II
2 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.1: WhileCounter.html --> 6 <!-- Counter-controlled repetition. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>counter-controlled Repetition</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 var counter = 1; // initialization while ( counter <= 7 ) // repetition condition 15 { 16 document.writeln( "<p style = \"font-size: " + 17 counter + "ex\">xhtml font size " + counter + 18 "ex</p>" ); 19 ++counter; // increment 20 } //end while 21 // --> 22 </script> 23 </head><body></body> 24 </html> Incrementing statement Initializes counter Fig. 8.1 Countercontrolled repetition (Part 1 of 2). Precedes the with a \ to create an escape sequence so that it can be used in the string Condition to be fulfilled with every iteration 2
3 3 Fig. 8.1 Counter-controlled repetition (Part 2 of 2).
4 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.2: ForCounter.html --> 6 <!-- Counter-controlled repetition with the for statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>counter-controlled Repetition</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 // Initialization, repetition condition and 13 // incrementing are all included in the for 14 // statement header. 15 for ( var counter = 1; counter <= 7; ++counter ) 16 document.writeln( "<p style = \"font-size: " + 17 counter + "ex\">xhtml font size " + counter + 18 "ex</p>" ); 19 // --> 20 </script> 21 </head><body></body> 22 </html> Initial value of the control variable Condition to test whether looping should continue Statement inside the for loop Fig. 8.2 Countercontrolled repetition with the for statement (Part 1 of 2). Increment to occur after each iteration of the loop 4
5 5 Fig. 8.2 Counter-controlled repetition with the for statement (Part 2 of 2).
6 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.5: Sum.html --> 6 <!-- Summation with the for repetition structure. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>sum the Even Integers from 2 to 100</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 var sum = 0; for ( var number = 2; number <= 100; number += 2 ) 15 sum += number; document.writeln( "The sum of the even integers " + 18 "from 2 to 100 is " + sum ); 19 // --> 20 </script> 21 </head><body></body> 22 </html> Fig. 8.5 Summation with Control variable number begins at the value of 2 the for repetition structure. We execute the loop while number is less than or equal to 100 After each loop iteration is complete, increment number by 2 6
7 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.6: Interest.html --> 6 <!-- Compound interest calculation with a for loop. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>calculating Compound Interest</title> 10 <style type = "text/css"> 11 table { width: 100% } 12 th { text-align: left } 13 </style> 14 <script type = "text/javascript"> 15 <!-- 16 var amount; // current amount of money 17 var principal = ; // principal amount 18 var rate =.05; // interest rate document.writeln( 21 "<table border = \"1\">" ); // begin the table 22 document.writeln( 23 "<caption>calculating Compound Interest</caption>" ); 24 document.writeln( 25 "<thead><tr><th>year</th>" ); // year column heading 26 document.writeln( 27 "<th>amount on deposit</th>" ); // amount column heading 28 document.writeln( "</tr></thead><tbody>" ); 29 Fig. 8.6 Compound interest calculation with a for loop (Part 1 of 2). 7
8 30 // output a table row for each year 31 for ( var year = 1; year <= 10; ++year ) 32 { 33 amount = principal * Math.pow( rate, year ); 34 document.writeln( "<tr><td>" + year + 35 "</td><td>" + amount.tofixed(2) + 36 "</td></tr>" ); 37 } //end for document.writeln( "</tbody></table>" ); 40 // --> 41 </script> 42 </head><body></body> 43 </html> Control variable year begins with a value of 1 Continue to execute the loop while year is less than or equal to 10 Fig. 8.6 Compound interest calculation with a for loop (Part 2 of 2). After each loop iteration, increase the value of year by 1 8
9 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.7: SwitchTest.html --> 6 <!-- Using the switch multiple-selection statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>switching between XHTML List Formats</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 var choice; // user s choice 13 var starttag; // starting list item tag 14 var endtag; // ending list item tag 15 var validinput = true; // indicates if input is valid 16 var listtype; // type of list as a string choice = window.prompt( "Select a list style:\n" + 19 "1 (numbered), 2 (lettered), 3 (roman)", "1" ); switch ( choice ) 22 { 23 case "1": 24 starttag = "<ol>"; 25 endtag = "</ol>"; 26 listtype = "<h1>numbered List</h1>"; 27 break; 28 case "2": 29 starttag = "<ol style = \"list-style-type: upper-alpha\">"; 30 endtag = "</ol>"; 31 listtype = "<h1>lettered List</h1>"; 32 break; Statements Fig. 8.7 Using the switch multipleselection statement (Part 1 of 4). Beginning of switch statement Beginning of statements to be executed if choice equals 1 Break out of switch statement Beginning of statements to be executed if choice equals 2 Statements Break out of switch statement 9
10 33 case "3": 34 starttag = "<ol style = \"list-style-type: upper-roman\">"; 35 endtag = "</ol>"; 36 listtype = "<h1>roman Numbered List</h1>"; 37 break; 38 default: 39 validinput = false; 40 } //end switch if ( validinput == true ) 43 { 44 document.writeln( listtype + starttag ); for ( var i = 1; i <= 3; ++i ) 47 document.writeln( "<li>list item " + i + "</li>" ); document.writeln( endtag ); 50 } //end if 51 else 52 document.writeln( "Invalid choice: " + choice ); 53 // --> 54 </script> 55 </head> 56 <body> 57 <p>click Refresh (or Reload) to run the script again</p> 58 </body> 59 </html> Break out of switch statement Beginning of statements to be executed if choice is anything other than 1, 2 or 3 Fig. 8.7 Using Beginning of statements to be executed if choice equals 3 the switch multipleselection statement (Part 2 of 4). No break is necessary, since we ve come to the end of the switch anyway Statement Statements 10
11 11 Fig. 8.7 Using the switch multiple-selection statement (Part 3 of 4).
12 12 Fig. 8.7 Using the switch multiple-selection statement (Part 4 of 4).
13 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.9: DoWhileTest.html --> 6 <!-- Using the do...while repetition statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>using the do...while Repetition Statement</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 var counter = 1; do { 15 document.writeln( "<h" + counter + ">This is " + 16 "an h" + counter + " level head" + "</h" + 17 counter + ">" ); 18 ++counter; 19 } while ( counter <= 6 ); 20 // --> 21 </script> </head><body></body> 24 </html> Perform the following actions Then check to see if counter <= 6. If it is, iterate through the loop again. 13 Fig. 8.9 Using the do while repetition statement (Part 1 of 2).
14 14 Fig. 8.9 Using the do while repetition statement (Part 2 of 2).
15 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.11: BreakTest.html --> 6 <!-- Using the break statement in a for statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title> 10 Using the break Statement in a for Statement 11 </title> 12 <script type = "text/javascript"> 13 <!-- 14 for ( var count = 1; count <= 10; ++count ) 15 { 16 if ( count == 5 ) 17 break; // break loop only if count == document.writeln( "Count is: " + count + "<br />" ); 20 } //end for document.writeln( 23 "Broke out of loop at count = " + count ); 24 // --> 25 </script> 26 </head><body></body> 27 </html> Exits the for loop immediately if count == 5 15 Fig Using the break statement in a for statement (Part 1 of 2).
16 16 Fig Using the break statement in a for statement (Part 2 of 2).
17 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.12: ContinueTest.html --> 6 <!-- Using the continue statement in a for statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title> 10 Using the continue Statement in a for Statement 11 </title> <script type = "text/javascript"> 14 <!-- 15 for ( var count = 1; count <= 10; ++count ) 16 { 17 if ( count == 5 ) 18 continue; // skip remaining loop code only if count == document.writeln( "Count is: " + count + "<br />" ); 21 } //end for document.writeln( "Used continue to skip printing 5" ); 24 // --> 25 </script> </head><body></body> 28 </html> Fig Using the continue statement in a for statement (Part 1 of 2). If count == 5, skips the rest of the statements in the loop, increments count, and performs the loopcontinuation test 17
18 18 Fig Using the continue statement in a for statement (Part 2 of 2).
19 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.13: BreakLabelTest.html --> 6 <!-- Labeled break statement in a nested for statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>using the break Statement with a Label</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 stop: { // labeled block 13 for ( var row = 1; row <= 10; ++row ) 14 { 15 for ( var column = 1; column <= 5 ; ++column ) 16 { 17 if ( row == 5 ) 18 break stop; // jump to end of stop block document.write( "* " ); 21 } //end for document.writeln( "<br />" ); 24 } //end for // the following line is skipped 27 document.writeln( "This line should not print" ); 28 } // end block labeled stop 29 Statement label Beginning of labeled statement Fig Labeled break statement in a nested for statement (Part 1 of 2). If row == 5, immediately go to the end of the stop block End of labeled statement 19
20 30 document.writeln( "End of script" ); 31 // --> 32 </script> 33 </head><body></body> 34 </html> Fig Labeled break statement in a nested for statement (Part 2 of 2). 20
21 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.14: ContinueLabelTest.html --> 6 <!-- Labeled continue statement in a nested for statement. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>using the continue Statement with a Label</title> 10 <script type = "text/javascript"> 11 <!-- 12 nextrow: // target label of continue statement 13 for ( var row = 1; row <= 5; ++row ) 14 { 15 document.writeln( "<br />" ); for ( var column = 1; column <= 10; ++column ) 18 { 19 if ( column > row ) 20 continue nextrow; // next iteration of labeled loop document.write( "* " ); 23 } //end for 24 } //end for 25 // --> 26 </script> 27 </head><body></body> 28 </html> Statement label End of labeled statement Beginning of labeled statement Fig Labeled continue statement in a nested for statement (Part 1 of 2). If column > row, skip all remaining statements in the nextrow block, perform the increment expression, then evaluate the loopcontinuation test 21
22 22 Fig Labeled continue statement in a nested for statement (Part 2 of 2).
23 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3 " 4 5 <!-- Fig. 8.18: LogicalOperators.html --> 6 <!-- Demonstrating logical operators. --> 7 <html xmlns = " 8 <head> 9 <title>demonstrating the Logical Operators</title> 10 <style type = "text/css"> 11 table { width: 100% } 12 td.left { width: 25% } 13 </style> 14 <script type = "text/javascript"> 15 <!-- 16 document.writeln( 17 "<table border = \"1\"" ); 18 document.writeln( 19 "<caption>demonstrating Logical " + 20 "Operators</caption>" ); 21 document.writeln( 22 "<tr><td class = \"left\">logical AND (&&)</td>" + 23 "<td>false && false: " + ( false && false ) + 24 "<br />false && true: " + ( false && true ) + 25 "<br />true && false: " + ( true && false ) + 26 "<br />true && true: " + ( true && true ) + 27 "</td></tr>" ); 23 Fig Demonstrating logical operators (Part 1 of 2). Generates a truth table for the logical AND operator
![28 document.](/docs-images/50/26787632/images/24-0.png "writeln( 29 \"<tr><td class = \\"left\\">logical OR ( )</td>\" + 30 \"<td>false false: \" + ( false false ) + 31 \"<br />false true: \" + ( false true ) + 32 \"<br />true false: \" + ( true false ) + 33 \"<br")
24 28 document.writeln( 29 "<tr><td class = \"left\">logical OR ( )</td>" + 30 "<td>false false: " + ( false false ) + 31 "<br />false true: " + ( false true ) + 32 "<br />true false: " + ( true false ) + 33 "<br />true true: " + ( true true ) + 34 "</td></tr>" ); 35 document.writeln( 36 "<tr><td class = \"left\">logical NOT (!)</td>" + 37 "<td>!false: " + (!false ) + 38 "<br />!true: " + (!true ) + "</td></tr>" ); 39 document.writeln( "</table>" ); 40 // --> 41 </script> 42 </head><body></body> 43 </html> 24 Fig Demonstrating logical operators (Part 2 of 2). Generates a truth table for the logical OR operator Generates a truth table for the logical NOT operator
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