Jzyk C++ cz 4. Jarosław Gramacki Instytut Informatyki i Elektroniki ' (%)* ) ' &+ (,% &*-
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1 Jzyk C++ cz 4 Jarosław Gramacki Instytut Informatyki i Elektroniki # $ %& % ' (%)* ) ' &+ (,% &*-.,& & * * *void main() Stack s1; s1.init(); s1.push( 5 ); s1.print_stack(); Stack s1;??? s1.push( 5 ); s1.print_stack(); ',%& & /*. s1 &% & ) & '.&00 &+ & %*. (,1init()" ' & (& %.(+*)(&( ) &), & 0. +" ', 0 &. ) ', 0 *. %&)./,% ' *23. (& ),&4 %&%+&*"2!" 2
2 # ' % &&((&,+)& ' &)4 void"&,)inline ' %.&*%*&%%& )&))56 #include <iostream.h> const int MAX_SIZE = 5; enum stack_state OK, FULL, EMPTY; class Stack Stack(); // Konstruktor klasy Stack. void push( int ); int pop(); void print_stack(); int ile_elementow(); int table[ MAX_SIZE ]; int top; stack_state state; ; Stack s1;??? s1.push( 5 ); s1.print_stack(); ) %%& // Konstruktor: inicjuje strukture Stack. inline Stack::Stack() top = 0; state = EMPTY;!" 3 # ' &)4 ' ))"%. /*" class Stack Stack(); Stack( int ); Stack( int, int ); void push( int ); int pop(); void print_stack(); int ile_elementow(); int table[ MAX_SIZE ]; int top; stack_state state; ; // Konstruktor bez argumentu. inline Stack::Stack() top = 0; state = EMPTY; // Konstruktor z jednym argumentem. inline Stack::Stack( int _element ) table[ 0 ] = _element; top = 1; state = OK; // Konstruktor z dwoma argumentami. Stack::Stack( int _elem1, int _elem2 ) top = 2; state = OK; push( _elem1 ); push( _elem2 );!" 4
3 # ' &+& )0 &%& ( ) " &/ Stack s1; // Wywoluje Stack::Stack(). cout << "s1 :" << endl; s1.push( 5 ); s1.print_stack(); Stack s2( 10 ); // Wywoluje Stack::Stack( int ). cout << "s2 :" << endl; s2.print_stack(); Stack s3( 15, 20 ); // Wywoluje Stack::Stack( int, int ). cout << "s3 :" << endl; s3.print_stack(); ' **%&%*+ %& & &. +&%(%new Stack s1 = Stack(); Stack s2 = Stack( 10 ); Stack s3 = Stack( 10, 20 );!" 5 # ' &+.* /+ %4 class Data // Konstruktor trójargumentowy. Data( int _dzien, int _miesiac = 10, int _rok = 2000 ); int dzien, miesiac, rok; ; Data d1(26, 01, 2000); Data d2; // BLAD, nie ma konstruktora bezparametrowego Data d3 (12) // OK, data: Data d4 = d1; // OK, inicjalizacja innym obiektem ' )) & )*% )(* &&& ) ") ' /&&* $% )) )0 " ' %% )(.,& % &%, ( %&& ( & %&& )(%%char *str"!" 6
4 # '.. +. ) &)4.&%. +,/.&*+" '. ) &/ class Data // Konstruktor trójargumentowy. Data( int _dzien, int _miesiac = 10, int _rok = 2000 ); // Konstruktor bezparametrowy Data(); int dzien, miesiac, rok; ; Data dtab1[3]; Data dtab2[3] = // wywołano konstruktor domylny // (zakładamy, e istnieje) Data(12, 08, 2003), Data(15), Data() ;!" 7 # '. & & &&/%% & ) & 7 )(2 ' %&%.. +*(%) /,%% ) Stack *ps1 = new Stack(); Stack *ps2 = new Stack( 10 ); Stack *ps3 = new Stack( 10, 20 ); Data *pd1 = new Data(26); // data: Stack *ps5 = new Stack[5]; // pojawi si błd, gdy NIE bdzie istniał // konstruktor domylny!" 8
5 # *+&" ' *)( & 0 &0&4 %& &)%, "&. %&./,%.,& )& %+82" ' %.,& )*%&. "%&)./,% '. +*.0)(,%&9& ) " & %&&9&,%*" '. +0)(,% ) main() &. &(&) main()"!" 9 # *+& " ' % &&((&,+)&%%&&( & " ' / &) +") ) ' %. &&&" 3./,%& ( ' &*)&&*),&* *),& "%,/..)**$ %% %char*)!" 10
6 # class String String( const char* _str ); String( int _size ); ~String(); // Destruktor klasy String. void set( const char* _str ); // seter const char* get(); void print(); int size; char* str; ;.. );::) *% & ) "7)&).* % + // geter // Destruktor obiektu String zwalnia // pami przydzielona // za pomoc operatora new nalecego // do konstruktora. inline String::~String() delete [] str; String s( "Obiekt globalny" ); // Konstruktor obiektu w oparciu o łacuch String::String( const char* _str ) size = strlen( _str ); str = new char[ size + 1 ]; strcpy( str, _str ); // Rezerwacja pamici dla obiektu String String::String( int _size ) size = _size; str = new char[ size + 1 ]; *str = '\0'; str[ size ] = '\0'; s.print(); String s1( "Obiekt lokalny" ); s1.print(); cout << s1.get() << endl; String s2( 12 ); s2.set( "Test obcinania" ); s2.print();., : &+!" 11 # $.&* %!" 12
7 # ) &)%&% % ' ),&;::+ &, ) &) & )&%&% )& ) 4 ),&<3=;3 *4 *&+ " const int i1 = 7; // OK, inicjalizacja i1 = 12; // BLAD, przypisanie wartoci zmiennej const int const int i2 // BLAD, dla const konieczna inicjalizacja '.,% "&9&,,% &*1 class String2 String2( int _size ); ~String2(); void set( const char* _str ); const char* get(); void print(); const int size; char* str; ; &+/*,& & 1 _size size // pole size jest teraz const. // Zarezerwowanie pamici dla String2. String2::String2( int _size ) size = _size; // BLAD: przypisanie obejmuje dan const. str = new char[ size + 1 ]; *str = '\0';!" 13 # ) &)%&% % $ ) &)( ' &(. + / &,1 ) &)%+. )%, %+" %&% %4 )&%,&>?" ' & ) &) &/.%%&&, ) &)( ' &))(,4 &) & ) &%%" 5& )%& '. (& ) &/& 0%+. class String2 String2( int _size ); ~String2(); void set( const char* _str ); const char* get(); void print(); const int size; char* str; ; && )/ % ) // Rezerwuje pamiec dla obiektu String2. String2::String2( int _size ) : size( _size ) // Inicjalizacja pola //Faza przypisania. str = new char[ size + 1 ]; % 4/% *str = '\0';!" 14
8 #. '. ) & "*(./& const const String s( "Zmienna globalna" ); const Data d1(26, 01, 2000); ' )3.,& /). const@),&..(% const String s1( "Staly obiekt String" ); cout << s1.get() << endl; ' =()1get()"+ )(. ) %)( %. )("A 0/. const A ) & 0 ) %) + /!" 15 # %+)%&%& C *& %) )(, class String String( const char* _str ); String( int _size ); ~String(); void set( const char* _str ); const char* get() const; // Funkcja składowa const B)+3 )(. (/.,+ void print() const; // Funkcja składowa const int size; char* str; ; //Zwraca wskanik do łacucha znakowa ASCII zawartego w obiekcie String. inline const char* String::get() const // Nie zapomnij wstawi const. return str; //Wyswietla obiekt String. inline void String::print() const // Nie zapomnij wstawi const. cout << str << endl;.&)%) %).,).( const String s1( "Staly obiekt String" ); cout << s1.get() << endl;!" 16
9 # ' %&%&&*+,%) + + +&* )(..) 0" '. +const 3$"/+ +)const ',/ 4/& 00. * %+.)& ) &/ ' /%%)9&. &, 17 # ' %%& const ) const // time.h class Time Time( int = 0, int = 0, int = 0 ); // default constructor // set functions void settime( int, int, int ); // set time void sethour( int ); // set hour void setminute( int ); // set minute void setsecond( int ); // set second // get functions (normally declared const) int gethour() const; // return hour int getminute() const; // return minute int getsecond() const; // return second // print functions (normally declared const) void printuniversal() const; // print universal time void printstandard(); // print standard time int hour; // 0-23 (24-hour clock format) int minute; // 0-59 int second; // 0 59 ;!" 18
10 # // time.cpp #include <iostream> #include "time.h" // set hour, minute and second values void Time::setTime( int hour, int minute, int second ) sethour( hour ); setminute( minute ); setsecond( second ); // return hour value int Time::getHour() const return hour; // print Time in standard format void Time::printStandard() cout << ( ( hour == 0 hour == 12 )? 12 : hour % 12 ) << ":" << setfill( '0' ) << setw( 2 ) << minute << ":" << setw( 2 ) << second << ( hour < 12? " AM" : " PM" );!" 19 # // main.cpp // Attempting to access a const object with // non-const member functions. #include <iostream> #include "time.h" int main() Time wakeup( 6, 45, 0 ); // non-constant object. 3$D& &%.. D%+%+ const Time noon( 12, 0, 0 ); // constant object // OBJECT MEMBER FUNCTION wakeup.sethour( 18 ); // non-const non-const E.E+0 %&%+ noon.sethour( 12 ); // const non-const // BŁD, modyfikacja // obiektu const wakeup.gethour(); // non-const const noon.getminute(); // const const noon.printuniversal(); // const const noon.printstandard(); // const non-const // BŁD // pritnstandard NIE const return 0;!" 20
11 # &% 8 ' String% %8 " char *str ' &%8. )& 4.," )%& /.,+ String s1( "String 1" ); String s2( "String 2" ); s2 = s1; //??? ' (&. s1&)),8.%, & )(*% "String 1" ),.. s2& )(% "String 2" ' % ) s2 = s1;&, str s1 String 1 \0 str s2 String 2 \0 String 1 \0 String 2 \0 po s2 = s1 str s1 str s2!" 21 # &% 8 ' %& ) (,&) )"&%. %,/ &&&EE$ *))) & & E %, &%*E".. & )(8 **% )&. +.,& )%&.)* %,/&(%&&% * *. 2 C%1 ))*. %%%&&String::set()" )*. &*&*., &2" ' F& (& 1 4&0,%%&% =)%&%%% %& /%& (/"& *%.= * C (* )(),operator=() =&&*+& (&&%& ( %+.,( & *!" 22
12 # %& ( %G ' ),&;::%&&,&0,% 0%+),& &4 %+*+ ',),operator=()+)&.,& % &4 %, &)%&&str& % 8 class String String( const char* _str ); String( int _size ); ~String(); void set( const char* _str ); const char* get() const; void print() const; String& operator=( const String& _string ); // Operator przypisania. int size; char* str; ; String& String::operator=( const String& _string ) if( this == &_string ) // Sprawdza s1 = s1; return *this; delete [] str; // Usuwa stary łacuch. size = _string.size; str = new char[ size + 1 ]; // Przydziela niezbdna pami. strcpy( str, _string.str ); // Kopiuje zawarto łacucha. )../ ) %s1 = s1; return *this; %+)*,))&!" 23 # %& ( %G ' &. )(+ s2 = s1; s2.operator=(s1); // zwykłe wywołanie funkcji // o nazwie operator= %G)%$* ) %& &*. &&+*)),%G"* *))!" 24
13 # %& ( %G ' (& )90%) )0 ) %&% & & &)4 * &))&*%%&% &*& 0%0%+ String s1( "String 1" ); String s2( "String 2" ); String s3( "String 3" ); s3 = s2 = s1; )1%+) ) %& ' %& & )&& /*) )+)" %G)(&% " s3.operator=(s2.operator=(s1)); ' /&8 *) operator=())4/& &%%& * ) operator=(). 5&&&%&& ),operator=() %./%))4 ))) ' *4)) ) operator=() *(,%)(1 AClass& AClass::operator=(const AClass&);!" 25 # % )( ' %.()(%,%& String s2 = s1; // uywamy domylnego // konstruktora kopiujcego ' %)& & ) &)( 3%&%,) 3%%&% % )( ',%% *)% & )% )( )(& %*. ). (&%)4. ))% )(. E%% %E" ' %% *4**(,%)(1 AClass (const AClass &); ' *)& &% 8 String"(% ( * &%.)% &4 )&%%&% & (&.%& ( %=%%&& )) operator=()" ' & (&.*%..,& % %& % )(*!" 26
14 # % )( class String String( const char* _str ); String( int _size ); String( const String& _string ); // Konstruktor kopiujcy. ~String(); void set( const char* _str ); const char* get() const; void print() const; String& operator=( const String& _string ); // Operator przypisania. int size; char* str; ; //Konstruktor kopiujacy. String::String( const String& _string ) size = _string.size; str = new char[ size + 1 ]; // Przydziela potrzebna pami. strcpy( str, _string.str ); // Kopiuje zawarto łacucha. 3 * %&&)% )(**%&&4/ H % )(*&9&,)4 9&(%,, I&*-)% *%)%!" 27 # % )( %& ( %G ' %) 0)% )%%+.&. /& ) %+" s2 = s1; // ZABRONIONE String s4 = s3; // ZABRONIONE ' && ) operator=() & % )(*J 0 % "%* I &.&% &.,& && 0) private!" 28
15 # % )( %& ( %G class String String( const char* _str ); String( int _size ); ~String(); void set( const char* _str ); const char* get() const; void print() const; String& operator=( const String& _string ); // Operator przypisania. String( const String& _string ); // Konstruktor kopiujcy int size; char* str; ; String s1( "Pierwszy lancuch" ); String s2( "Drugi lancuch" ); String s3( "Trzeci lancuch" ); String s4 = s3; // BLAD funkcja String::String(const String&) // jest niedostpna s3 = s2 = s1; // BLAD funkcja String:operator=(const String&) // jest niedostpna!" 29 # % )( %& ( %G (&&)+ & )%,/!" 30
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