INTRODUCTION. Recommended Operating Practices. Synthetic Web Slings. NISKU Ave., Nisku, AB T9E 7N5 Ph: (780) Fx: (780)

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1 Web Slings

2 INTRODUCTION We at Super Slings Inc. are a proud member of the Web Sling & Tie Down Association. The Web Sling & Tie Down Association (WSTDA) is a tax exempt, non-profit, technical association dedicated to the development and promotion of voluntary recommended standards and associated reference materials. Originally established in 1973 as the Web Sling Association (WSA), the WSA serviced the synthetic web sling industry. In 1988, the WSA further defined its purpose to include synthetic web tie downs and became the Web Sling & Tie Down Association. Today, members of the WSTDA include manufactures and suppliers of synthetic web slings and tie downs, polyester round slings, synthetic webbing, fibers, thread and related components. The WSTDA s mission is to foster and further, in every lawful manner, the common interests of its members and industry. It is an industry organization of manufacturers of synthetic yarns, synthetic webbing, synthetic slings, synthetic web tie downs and related components. These products are used in the manufacturing, transportation, recreation and forestry industries; also by the military and governmental agencies, for lifting, lowering, moving and securing loads. In pursuance of this mission, the association has prepared this manual. It is intended to serve as a general outline of recommended procedures and suggested operating practices and is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of procedures for specific products or applications. Accordingly, the Web Sling & Tie Down Association, Inc. disclaims any responsibility for the actual use of any synthetic web sling products. The user should consult the manufacturer of such products concerning the proper care and use of their products. Synthetic Web Slings A sling is defined as synthetic webbing fabricated into a configuration for hoisting, lifting and lowering applications in general industrial and specialized operations. Safety is the paramount consideration involved in the use of any synthetic web sling. The proper sling must be chosen for each job. Riggers must know the proper hitch to use, where and how to attach synthetic web slings to the load. Therefore, riggers shall acquire the knowledge; not only of the different type hitches, but the way loads can be expected to react when the lift is made. Synthetic Web Sling Identification Each synthetic web sling shall be durably marked or labeled showing: a) Name or trademark of manufacturer b) Manufacturer s code or stock number c) Rated capacities for types of hitches, and the angle upon which is based d) Type of synthetic material Recommended Operating Practices Mechanical Considerations SYNTHETIC WEB SLINGS SHALL ALWAYS BE PROTECTED FROM BEING CUT BY CORNERS, EDGES, PROTRUSIONS OR ABRASIVE SURFACES. Determine weight of the load. Synthetic web slings shall not be loaded in excess of their rated capacity. Consideration shall be given to the angle from the horizontal (load to synthetic web sling angle) which affects rated capacities. Synthetic web slings with fittings that are used in a choker hitch shall be of sufficient length to ensure that the choking action is on the synthetic web slings and never on the fitting. Synthetic web slings used in a basket hitch shall have the load balanced to prevent slippage. Synthetic web slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. Synthetic web slings shall not be twisted or tied into knots, or joined by knotting. Synthetic web slings shall not be pulled from under loads when the load is resting on the sling. Synthetic web slings shall be used with lifting devices that are compatible with synthetic web slings. Do not drop synthetic web slings equipped with metal fittings. The opening in fittings shall be the proper shape and size to ensure that the fitting will seat properly in the sling, crane hook or other attachments. Synthetic web slings that are cut shall be removed from service. Consideration shall be given to the distribution of load weight on a multi-legged lift. Environmental Considerations Synthetic web slings should be stored in a cool, dry and dark place when not in use to prevent loss of strength through exposure to ultra-violet light. Synthetic web slings shall not be stored in chemically active areas. Chemically active environments can affect the strength of synthetic web slings in varying degrees ranging from little to total degradation. The synthetic web sling manufacturer, or qualified person, should be consulted before synthetic web slings are used in a chemically active environment

3 INTRODUCTION CONT D O Nylon and polyester slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 194 degrees F (90 C), or O at temperatures below minus 40 degrees F (-40 C). For sling applications where temperatures O exceed 194 degrees F (90 C), contact your synthetic web sling supplier. Nylon and polyester slings incorporating aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of alkalis and/or acids are present, unless the compatibility of these materials is verified by the manufacturer or a qualified person. Ultra-Violet Light Environments in which synthetic web slings are continuously exposed to ultra-violet light can affect the strength of synthetic webbing in varying degrees, ranging from slight to total degradation. The degradation is also cumulative. Factors which can determine the degree of strength loss are: 1. Length of time of continuous exposure. 2. Sling construction and design. 3. Other environmental factors such as weather conditions, altitude and geographic location. Suggested procedures to minimize the effects of ultra-violet light: 1. Store slings in a cool, dry and dark place when not being used for prolonged periods of time. 2. Inspect slings weekly or more often depending on frequency of slings use. Visual indications of ultra-violet degradation are: 1. Bleaching out of sling color. 2. Increased stiffness of sling material. 3. Surface abrasion in areas not normally in contact with the load.

4 WEB SLINGS Inspection Criteria! WARNING Inspection Criteria for Synthetic Web Slings Refer to illustrations do damaged webbing Remove from service if any of the following are visible: Capacity tag is missing or illegible Red core warning yarns are visible Sling shows signs of melting, charring or chemical damage End fittings are excessively pitted, corroded, distorted, cracked or broken Cuts on the face or edge of webbing Holes, tears, snags or crushed web Signs of excessive abrasive wear Broken or worn threads in the stitch patterns Any other visible damage which causes doubt as to its strength Red Core - warn of dangerous sling damage. All Super Slings Web Slings shown in this section of the catalogue have this warning feature. When red yarns are visible, the sling should be removed from service immediately. The red core yarns become exposed when the sling surface is cut or worn through the woven face yarns. Examples of Web Sling Abuse Most of the damage shown here would cause immediate catastrophic failure of the sling. Not all of the damage you will see will be this obvious or extreme, but still requires removal from use. Elasticity - The stretch characteristics of web slings depends on the type of yarn and the web finish. Approximate stretch at RATED SLING CAPACITY is: Nylon Treated - 10% Untreated - 6% Polyester Treated - 7% Untreated - 3% NISKU Ave., Nisku, AB T9E 7N5 Ph: (780) Fx: (780)

5 NYLON WEB SLINGS General Guide Physical Factors Effecting Strength Your care in the use and handling of slings will prolong sling life significantly. The following physical factors should be considered when using any of the three basic types of slings in this catalog: Cutting The number one cause of web sling damage/failure, usually caused by load edge movement against sling. Temperature Nylon & polyester are seriously degraded at temperatures above 180 F. Improper Loading Shock loading, unbalanced loading, over loading and inadequate consideration for the effect of angle factors can adversely affect strength. Punctures & Abrasions These can seriously degrade sling strength. Foreign Matter Material such as metal chips, weld spatter, heavy grit, etc. can damage a web sling both internally and externally. Ultraviolet Light Nylon & polyester web slings are adversely affected by prolonged exposure to UV light, i.e. sunlight or arc welding. Slings appear bleached and stiff. Choker Hitch Vertical Hitch Vertical Basket Hitch 1,000 lbs. o lbs. o lbs. o lbs. A sling capable of lifting 1,000 lbs. in a 90 vertical basket hitch, can only lift 866 lbs. at a 60 angle, 707 lbs. at a 45 angle and 500 lbs. at a 30 angle. Effect of Angle on a Slings Rated Capacity When slings are used at an angle (i.e. two slings or one sling in a basket attached to only one crane hook), sling capacity is reduced. How much it is reduced depends on the degree of the angle. You can determine whether a sling will be rated high enough if you know the angle between the sling leg and the vertical. Once you know this angle, multiply the sling s rating by the appropriate factor in the table. This will give you the sling s reduced rating. Angle Degrees Loss Factor Sling capacity decreases as the angle from vertical increases.

6 HARDWARE / BRIDLE SLINGS (eg) Many custom configurations of webbing & hardware are available. Please consult your Super Slings rep for assistance. Part No. for Web Sling Legs Web Width (in.) Web Ply Number of Legs Rated Capacity (lbs.) Master Link @30 A x B x C (D x E x F) EE Single 1600 ½ x 2 ½ x Double ½ x 2 ½ x Triple /4 x 3 x 6 (½ x 1 x 3) 1 1 Quad /4 x 3 x 6 (½ x 1 x 3) A B C 1 2 Single 3100 ½ x 2 ½ x 5 EE Double /4 x 3 x Triple /4 x 3 x 6 (½ x 1 x 3) A B 1 2 Quad x 4 x 8 (3/4 x 1 x 3) 2 1 Single 3100 ½ x 2 ½ x 5 EE Double /4 x 3 x Triple /4 x 3 x 6 (½ x 1 x 3) C 2 1 Quad x 4 x 8 (3/4 x 1 x 3) 2 2 Single /4 x 3 x 6 F EE Double x 4 x Triple /4 x 5 x 10 (1 x 3 x 5) D E 2 2 Quad /4 x 5 x 10 (1 x 3 x 5) Nylon Sling capacities are for new slings only. Ensure all slings have been inspected for wear & damage.! WARNING *DO NOT exceed rated capacities. Sling capacity decreases as the angle from horizontal decreases. Slings should not be used at angles of less than 30.

7 STANDARD WEB SLING TYPES Hardware Slings Type U (UU) - Has preferred and economical Unilink fitting on each end for use in a vertical, choker or basket hitch. Unilinks allow choking from either end to save time and vary wear points. Type 1 (TC) - Has a triangle and choker fitting on either end. Typical use is in a choker hitch. Can also be used in vertical and basket hitches. Type 2 (TT) - Has a triangle on both ends. Normally used in basket hitch, but can also be used in a vertical hitch. They cannot be used as a choker. Eye Type Type 3 (EE) - Flat eye slings are very popular and can be used in all three types of hitches. They are easier to remove from beneath the load than sling types 1, 2, and 4. Type 4 (EE) - Twisted eye slings are similar to Type 3 except the eyes are turned 90o to form a better choker hitch. The eyes of a Type 4 nest are better on the crane hook. Unless type 3 is requested, type 4 will be supplied as the standard EE sling. Endless Type Type 5 (EN) - Endless slings are versatile and the most economically priced. They can be used in all three types of hitches. The sling can be rotated to minimize wear. The sling legs can be spread for improved load balance. Type 6 (RE) - An endless sling with butted edges sewn together to double the sling width. They have reinforced eyes and wear pads on both sides of the body and eyes. The result is an extremely strong and durable sling. Environmental Considerations! WARNING Nylon and polyester are seriously degraded at temperature above 180o F. Prolonged exposure to ultaviolet light adversely affects nylon and polyester. Slings become bleached and stiff when exposed to sunlight or arc welding. Many chemicals have an adverse effect on nylon and polyester. See chemical chart this page. Chemical Environment Data General guide only. For specific temperature, concentration and time factors, please consult Super Slings prior to purchasing or use. Chemical Type 6 OK NO Polyester Nylon Acids Alcohols Aldehydes Strong Alkalis Bleaching Agents Dry Cleaning Solvents Ethers Halogenated Hydro-Carbons Hydro-Carbons Ketones Oils Crude Oils Lubricating Soap & Detergents Water & Sea Water Weak Alkalis * ** * Disintegrated by concentrated sulfuric acid. ** Degraded by strong alkalis at elevated temperatures. NISKU Ave., Nisku, AB T9E 7N5 Ph: (780) Fx: (780)

8 WEB SLINGS Tapering Eyes As a standard practice, the eyes, or bearing points, of sling types 3 and 4 are tapered to accommodate a crane hook on slings that are 3 and wider. Untapered eyes are available upon request. Type 5 (Endless) slings are NOT tapered unless specified on order. Definition of Web Sling Order Code EE x 12 T3 TR Sling Type (Two Letters) UU - Type U - Unilink on each end TC - Type 1 - Triangle & Choker TT - Type 2 - Triangle on each end EE - Type 3 - Flat Eye & Flat Eye EE - Type 4 - Twisted Eye & Twisted Eye EN - Type 5 - Endless RE - Type 6 - Reversed Eye Number of Plies (One Digit) 1, 2, or 4 Web Class All Super Slings nylon is rated Class 7, which is designated by 9 HOW TO ORDER Sling Length Use actual pull to pull length (Reach) in feet Sling Type Sling Width in inches (Two Digits) Treated (TR) Natural (NAT) Length Tolerance for Web Sling Sling Type + - Tolerance * 1 Ply % of sling length 2Ply % of sling length 4 Ply % of sling length * For web sling widths wider than 6, add ½ to these values. For tighter tolerance or matched set length requirements please consult with Customer Service. Sling Tag and Warning Sheet Always measure sling pull to pull when flat OSHA requires all web slings to show rated capacities and type of material. A Warning Sheet is included with every web sling order from Super Slings. The sheet lists inspection information and operating practices applying to synthetic web slings. Super Slings Inc. can customize your nylon slings with the company logo, shop or operator name and number or just about anything else you want In Service: Day-Mon-Yr Custom Logo Custom Text

9 Type 3 Flat Eye, Type 4 Twist Eye WEB SLING RATING CHARTS Super Slings Inc web slings are made with domestically manufactured nylon to ensure the highest quality product. Our nylon slings come in either natural (white) or treated (yellow)nylon. Our treated nylon has added advantages, such as UV, abrasion cut and water resistance. All pre-built nylon slings are made out of treated material. Eye and eye sling. Very popular. Can be used in all types of hitches EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE Length Type 5 Endless Sling Endless. Very popular. Can be used in all types of hitches EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN Length

10 WEAR PADS & SLEEVES Wear Pad Importance The most common cause of synthetic sling failure is cuts and abrasion. When slings are cut, property damage and personal injury or death can result. Along with proper inspection wear pads can help to reduce the risk of cutting by acting as a buffer between the load edge and the sling. Used with steel slings, wear pads help protect both sling and load from damage along points of contact. Features and Benefits of Using Wearpads Limits contact between sling and load Prolongs Sling life Inexpensive Protects Sling from sharp corners and edges Protects Load from marring Wear Pad Materials Nylon Polyester Cordura Ballistic Nylon Velcro Sliding Edge Protection Flat Sewn Full Eye Load Contact Pad