(musculoskeletal disorder MSD) MSD) (NMQ) MSD (OSHA) MSD (74% (68%) (musculoskeletal disorder, (Hagberg and Kvarnstrom, 1984; Waersted, et al.

Transcription

1 (musculoskeletal disorder MSD) (OSHA) (NMQ) MSD MSD (74% ) (68%) (67%) MSD 1. MSD) (Hagberg and Kvarnstrom, 1984; Waersted, et al., 1991) (Schuldt, et al., 1987) (Bergquist, et al., 1995) (musculoskeletal disorder, 2. Keegan 1953 (Low Back Pain, LBP) (Nordin

2 and Frankel, 2001) / (Kumar, 2001) 1971 Rosemeyer Nakajima (Wu and Chen, 2006) (Nakajima, 1985) ( 1996) OSHA 90 (Wu and Chen, 10~ ) (footrest) 90 OSHA (Backbelt) S (Chen, 2003; Vink, et al., 1994) 3.1 (cross-sectional study) ( 1996) (Hagberg and Kvarnstrom, 1984; Waersted, et al., 1991) (Aaras, et al., 1998; 6 Aaras, et al., 2001) (Occupational Safety and Hygiene Association, OSHA) % 1

3 ( 18%) ( 69%) ( 54%) (year) 39.1 ± ± ± 3.9 (cm) 162 ± ± ± 7 / / (kg) 55 ± ± ± 7 (year) 12.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.0 (day) (hour) 8.0 ± ± ± OSHA OSHA 4.1 (MSD) 5~ A 1 1_7 (72%) (68%) (60%) / (83%) (78%) (1) (2) / 1-15 (3) (67%) (86%) / (4) (78%) (76%) / 31-45(5) / % 68% 67% 3.3 (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ) NMQ (SPSS, 10 ) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 72% 68% 60% 4. 83% 78% 67% 86% 78% 76% 1

4 ( ) 2 64% 71% 80% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 29% 64% 25% 71% 14% 80% MSD MSD MSD 45 CAD/CAM (P < 0.05) MSD MSD 2 ( r / /

5 2 (0.37**) (0.36*) (0.38**) (0.35*) (0.34*) (0.32*) (0.32*) (0.32*) (0.36*) (0.36*) (0.33*) (0.36*) (0.35*) (0.30*) (0.32*) (0.37**) (0.28*) (0.30*) (0.33*) (0.32*) (0.30*) (0.31*) (0.39**) (0.33*) (0.31*) (0.47**) (0.48**) (0.28*) (0.37**) (0.45**) (0.37**) (0.40*) (0.36*) (0.41**) (0.45**) (0.35*) (0.39**) (0.36*) (0.29*) (0.35*) (0.29*) (0.30*) (0.31*) (0.30*) (0.28* ( ) (0.36**) (0.32*) (0.29*) (0.32*) (0.31*) (0.30*) (0.37**) (0.31*) (0.36*) (0.29*) (0.35*) (0.29*) (0.31*) (0.30*) (0.38** (0.42**) (0.34*) (0.38**) (0.34*) (0.34*) (0.30*) (0.32*) (0.39**) (0.29*) (0.35*) (0.28*) (0.30*) / (0.56*) (0.33*) (0.29*) (0.42**) (0.29*) (0.31*) (0.31*) / (0.41**) (0.30*) (0.39**) (0.30*) (0.38** (0.30*) ( ) (0.44**) (0.29*) (0.31*) (0.36**) (0.34*) (0.34*) (0.31*) ( r ) * p-value < 0.05 ; ** p-value < 0.01

6 5.2 RSICVS ( 2003) (P<0.01)( 1996) (P<0.05) ( r < 0.6) OSHA 1_1 (1)(2) (1) (2) 1-10 (3) (4) (5) %74%72% (pre -selected effect) % ( ) MSD MSD 6. (74%) (68%) (67%) MSD

7 Rosemeyer, B., Elektromyographische Aaras, A., Horgen, G., Bjorset, H.-H., Ro, O., and Thoresen, M., Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions. Applied Ergonomics, 29(5), Aaras, A., Horgen, G., Bjorset, H.-H., Ro, O., and Walsoe, H., Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions. A 6 years prospective study. Applied Ergonomics, 32, Bergquist, U., Wolgast, E., Nilsson, B., and Voss, M., Musculoskeletal disorders among visual display terminal workers: Individual, ergonomic, and work organizational factors. Ergonomics, 38, Chen, Y.-L., Effectiveness of a new backbelt in the maintenance of lumbar lordosis while sitting: a pilot study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 32, Hagberg, M.H. and Kvarnstrom, S., Muscular endurance and electromyographic fatigue in myofascial shoulder pain. Archive of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 65(9), Keegan, J.J., Alternations of the lumbar curve related to posture and seating. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 35, Kumar, S., Theories of musculoskeletal injury causation. Ergonomics, 44, Nakajima, T., Study of chairs for automated office. Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 21, Nordin, M. and Frankel, V., Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. Lippincott, Williams and Wilson, Sydney. untersuchungen der Rucken-und Schultermuskulatur im stehen und sitzen unter berucksichtigung der haltung des autofahrers. Archiv orthopaedische Unfall-Chirurgie, 69, Schuldt, K., Ekholm, J., Harms -Ringdahl, K., Arborelius, U.P., and Nemeth, G., Influence of sitting postures on neck and shoulders e.m.g during arm-handwork. Clinical Biomechanics, 2(3), Vink, P., Douwes, M., and Van Woensel, W., Evaluation of a sitting aid: the Back-Up. Applied Ergonomics, 25, Waersted, C.T.M., Bjorklund, R.A., and West gaard, R.H., Shoulder muscle tension induced by two VDU-based tasks of different complexity. Ergonomics, 34(2), Wu, H.C. and Chen, T., The development of an electronic tool for diagnosing risk factors in computer operation. WSEAS Transactions on Computers, 5(5),

8 A OSHA 2 1. ( )1_1. (1) (2) 1-10 (3) (4) (5) 45 ( )1_2. (1) (2) 1-15 (3) (4) (5) 60 ( )1_3. (1) (2) 1-15 (3) (4) (5) 60 ( )1_4. (1) (2) (3) (4) ( )1_5. (1) (2) 1-15(3) (4) (5) 60 ( )1_6. 90 (1)90 (2)60-89 (3)30-59 (4) (5) ( )1_7. ( ) / (1) (2) / 1-15 (3) / (4) / (5) / 45 ( )1_8. ( ) / (1) (2) / 1-15 (3) / (4) / (5) / 45 ( )1_9. (1)90 (2) (3) (4)60-89 (5)30-59 (6) 30 ( )1_10. (1)(2) 2. ( )2_1. ( )(1)(2) ( )2_2. ( )(1)(2) ( )2_3. (1)(2) ( )2_4. (1)(2) ( )2_5. (1)(2) ( )2_6. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 3. ( )3_1. (1) ( ) (2) 2~4.9 (3) 5~9.9 (4) 10~19.9 (5) 20

9 ( )3_2. (1) (2) 0~30 (3) 30~60 (4) 60~90 ( )3_3. (1) (2) 1~15(3) 16~30(4) 31~60(5) 60 ( )3_4. ( : ) (1)(2) 4. ( )4_1. ( )(1)(2) ( )4_2. (1)(2) 5. ( )5_1. / (1)(2) ( )5_2. (1) (2) (3) (4) ( )5_3. (1)(2) ( )5_4. ( : ) (1)(2)(3) ( : ) 6. ( )6_1. (1)(2)(3) ( )6_2. (1) (2) 2~4.9 (3) 5~9.9 (4) 10~25 (5) ( )6_3. (1)(2) ( )6_4. / (1) (2) / 0~30 (3) / 30~60 (4) / 60~90 ( )6_5. (1) 1(2) 1(3) 1(4) 1(5)

10 Relations between Ergonomic Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Computer Operation H.C. Wu, C.Y. Lin, H.C. Chen and C.H. Wang Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan ABSTRACT The relations between computer-related ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) were aimed to investigate in this study. The surveyed occupations include university administrator, programmer, and computer drawer. The ergonomic risk factors in the workplace were identified by the modified OSHA s computer workstation checklist. The MSD situations faced by the workers were collected through the revised NMQ (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire). 123 effective responses were obtained from 150 sampled workers. Pearson correlation analysis was then conducted to find the significant factors being associated with the MSDs. Eyes strain was responded from the 74% of the respondents to be the most prevalent disorder, followed by neck pain (68%) and right shoulders disorder (67%). The critical factors resulting in these MSDs were greater years of occupation and age, shoulders and upper arms elevated or stretched forward, prolonged watching a monitor, poor postures, and etc. The results of this study can be used to assist in finding and eliminating key ergonomic risk factors so as to prevent the musculoskeletal disorders. Keywords : Computer operation, Musculoskeletal disorders, Checklist, Ergonomics, Risk factors