Pecatonica River Wisconsin Buffer Initiative (WBI) Pilot Project. Testing the WBI s theories
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1 ecatonica River Wisconsin Buffer Initiative (WBI) ilot roject Testing the WBI s theories hoto credits: (Top) Gerald H. Emmerich, Jr.; (Bottom) Timothy Lindenbaum/TNC; Flickr Creative Commons; (Left) Dane County LWRD
2 roject artners Dane County, Land Conservation Division Iowa and Green County Land Conservation Departments US Geological Survey (USGS) University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Extension Natural Resource Conservation Service Wisconsin DNR Wisconsin DATC The Nature Conservancy Monsanto Corporation McKnight Foundation
3 WBI Hypothesis Targeting watershed implementation efforts to the fields that contribute the most nutrients to water is an effective way to improve water quality.
4 Test with paired watersheds: Reduce Index values to below 6 in one and compare stream sediment and loads X Change practices in high loss areas X
5 WBI Strategy: Use WI Index to target high loss areas within watersheds Index estimates annual delivery in runoff from each field to surface water Field Stream
6 WI Index annual runoff loss estimates Sediment-bound Dissolved from soil Dissolved from manure or fertilizer delivery factor
7 articulate Index attached to sediment Erosion Soil concentration
8 Soluble Index Dissolved from soil Runoff Soil soluble concentration
9 Soluble Index Dissolved from manure or fertilizer Runoff/Rainfall Runoff/Snow Manure/fertilizer soluble concentration
10 Delivery Factor Distance and slope
11 Runoff Sediment and Loss Inventories, Interview operators and soil sample fields Calculate soil loss and Index in Snap-lus Map results
12 Cropland Index values depend on soil test, erosion and runoff, and manure applications Runoff loss lb/a/yr 3.5 T/a/yr soil loss Bray : 70 ppm 10,000 gallon/acre in fall before corn 8 7 # Dissolved from manure Dissolved from soil Eroded sediment 2 1 0
13 Runoff loss lb/a/yr Winter applications lead to higher Index values than non-winter applications 3.5 T/a soil loss Bray 70 ppm 5000 gallon/acre in winter, 5000 gallon/acre in fall Dissolved from manure Dissolved from soil Eroded sediment
14 Monitoring USGS monitoring storm and base flow since Fall 06 Sediment Total Dissolved Flow hoto credit: Steve Richter/TNC
15 Sediment T/acre Flow (cubic ft/m 2 /s Monitoring results: Annual flow and sediment load Treatment Reference Treatment Reference
16 lb/acre Watershed Average Loads Treatment Reference
17 Research: Field-to-stream transport, Stream sediment and storage/release US Geological Survey and UW-Madison In-stream soft sediment Savings and Loan hoto credits:; Dane County Land Conservation Division
18 WBI Theory Ground Truthing Implementation Strategy 10-Year roject, ecatonica partnership formed, 2006 USGS installs monitoring stations in paired watersheds, 2006 Identify priority field and farms based on potential losses, Implementation year 1: Conservation soft practices on I fields greater than 6, i. e. land management changes, 2010 Implementation year 2: Start work on fields with I 3-6, 2011 Implementation years 3-5: Install hard practices, i. e. waste management systems, streambank protection, Track all conservation practice implementation in time and space. Compare to any water quality changes at the USGS station Develop final report in 2015
19 Implementation dollars critical to getting project off the table and on the ground! TNC & NRCS staffing support, i.e. Monsanto Corporation, McKnight Foundation and NRCS Contribution Agreement Applied for and received Cooperative Conservation artnership Initiative (CCI) Grant for $654,000 dollars Staff successfully planned recommended BM s and contracted all grant funds on all (but 2) prioritized farms
20 Lessons learned: Soil phosphorus storage not evenly distributed across the landscape Crop land and astures Average soil test : 39 ppm Range: ppm
21 In contrast: heasant Branch Lake Mendota Watershed Cropland Avg. soil test : 100+ ppm Range: ppm Map source: Cory Anderson
22 Lessons learned: Runoff loss potential not evenly distributed in watershed hoto credit: Stefanie Grieve/TNC
23 Map I values
24 otential Runoff Source Land Areas Area Soil Test Acres Average Range Cropland and MIG pastures ppm ppm Dry lots ppm ppm Managed and unmanaged continuous grazing areas ppm ppm
25 leasant Valley Index Distribution Cropland, Managed Intensive Grazing, Dry lots Index Area Est. load > 6 12 % 60 % % 22 % < 3 65 % 18 %
26 Night pastures, grazed woodlots and sites with past livestock history Active: Soil Test = 345 ppm Inactive: Soil Test = 147 ppm Soil Test not evenly distributed in woodlots and on large pastures. Highest I s in areas where livestock tend to concentrate and with high erosion potential.
27 Need to address the whole farm hosphorous Delivery to the Stream by Land Use Cropland 73% asture 15% Drylot 5% Barnyard 7%
28 Inventoried 62 farms. 10 farms where selected for project focus based on fields having I s greater than 6.
29 Identify priority farms based on I fields >6 plus total from all sources
30 Implementation Strategy First Year, 2010 Identify priority farms based on I fields > 6 Implement conservation practices that will bring fields to 6 or less
31 Implementation strategy: Apply soft practices on I fields > 6 in years 1 & 2 No-till Cover crops after silage Rotation change Harvestable buffer
32 asture Management establish dense vegetation on I fields greater the 6! (2010) Remove livestock from streams
33 Identify priority fields with I 3 to 6. Implement conservation practices starting year 2 for duration of project ( ) Goal is to reduce I to less then 3. No-till a common choice among farmers
34 Apply hard practices years 3-5 of project, i.e. high cost practices Barnyard runoff systems Stream bank restoration
35 Team Approach Finding acceptable management alternatives may require whole farm analysis, team approach. artnerships formed! hoto credit: Cate Harrington/TNC
36 Documentation Critical Goal is to match implementation of conservation practices to water quality improvements at the USGS station. Tracking Methods: GIS Snap lus comparison Conservation lan Annual Status Reviews
37 Economic Optimization: Cost/Benefit Research Mark Godfrey Add grass to the alfalfa mix. Grasses help reduce erosion and can be just as nutritious for livestock.
38 End Goals Improve water quality while maintaining agriculture Test targeting approach and provide a final report that is based on science/real life, not just theory Develop least-cost methods for achieving water quality goals Develop screening tools Improve efficiency of Wisconsin agricultural non-point water quality programs
39 Landowner involvement key to successful ending! Mark Godfrey
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