The Parables of Matthew 25

Transcription

1 The Parables of Matthew 25 The Greatest Prophet Speaks Scott Crawford 3/15/2011

2 The Parable of the Virgins Matt 25:1-13 How do we interpret parables? Some would say don t pay attention to detail; rather just understand the central truth. This approach is called a deductive approach largely ignoring the details in light of the central truth (some become so engrossed with the details that they miss or can t find the main point). An inductive approach examines the details and then determines the central truth. Further, an inductive approach looks closer at the details to see what additional truth may be conveyed by them. Combining the deductive and inductive approaches is preferential and is referred to as an adductive approach. The details are examined to determine the central truth; then the truths found in the details are examined in order to fully understand all the truth being conveyed. However, the details should not be stretched so far that allegorical or inconsistent teaching results. In truth, an adductive approach is a common sense, rational, and logical method this is our method for interpreting the parables (in fact, all parables). We must also remember that parables were given to help reveal truth (but sometimes to conceal it from those who were not seeking truth cf. Matt 13:10-17). The word parable means to cast along side. Hence, the parables serve to further aid and enhance our Lord s teaching. When Jesus taught in parables (which He quite frequently did), He would expand on his prior teaching. Some have said you cannot build your doctrine on parables. This is not exactly correct. We certainly can build doctrine via the parables for this is exactly what Jesus did. What we cannot do is isolate parables and then build a teaching on them that ignores or contradicts other clear teaching. Parables were given to enhance and expand our understanding and are an integral part of our Lord s comprehensive doctrine. As we begin to look at our Lord s words in Matt 25:1-13, we must remember the broader context of the Olivet Discourse (Matt 24-25). Jesus is discussing the nexus of events that will mark the end of the present dispensation and the beginning of the next His coming Messianic Kingdom. Understanding that in this marvelous discourse Jesus addresses essentially 3 groups of people is extremely important: 1) the church 2) the Jews 3) the Gentiles. Jesus primarily speaks to believers from these groups. His main topic is judgment. This judgment characterizes what is referred to in prophetic scripture as the Day of the Lord or the Lord s Day the time when the Lord will personally intervene in the affairs of men bringing about His plans and purposes for mankind. The Day of the Lord begins at the rapture and is completed at the end of the millennial kingdom. Further, in great love and concern for us, Jesus encourages (and warns) His children to be ready for judgment. Peter reminds us that judgment begins with God s people (cf. 1 Pet 4:17). Judgment for any of God s children is relative to reward (i.e. it is not a matter of heaven or hell, rather a matter of reward). Among the Olivet parables, the only one where the unsaved are given attention is in the parable of the sheep and goats; the goats represent unbelievers who are sent to the Lake of Fire because they are unbelievers. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 2

3 We understand the church will be raptured before the tribulation and judged prior to the Lord returning to earth to inaugurate His Messianic Kingdom. As previously discussed, the rapture is the event that begins the Day of the Lord. Further, we understand the Lord specifically reveals the rapture in Matt 24: He then begins to encourage and warn the church (the only group to be raptured) through two parables in 24:42-51 and then again in 25: These parables expand upon his teaching of judgment and reward which apply directly to the church. This determination is made due to the sequence and the fact that signs are not present in either parable (the rapture is imminent and without a sign). As we look at 25:1, we observe the word then. This word denotes sequence. Hence, after the rapture the next sequential events are the beginning of the Day of the Lord and Daniel s 70 th week (the Tribulation), which is a part of the Day of the Lord. Further, the focus of the parable of the ten virgins is on Jewish believers (those who have believed upon the Lord Jesus Christ for eternal life) during this time period; unbelievers (Jew or Gentile) are not in view. The chart below outlines the teaching found in the parable of the virgins. Analysis of the Parable of the Ten Virgins v. 1 Ten v. 1 Virgins v. 1 Lamps v. 2 Wise vs. Foolish v. 3-4 Oil Ten denotes a complete group; in this case Jewish believers during the Tribulation (Daniel s 70 th week); some are wise while some are foolish; the foolish are carnal while the wise are spiritual. Virgins always represent believers in scripture. Compare 2 Cor 11:2 where Paul desires for believers to be chaste [pure] virgins so they will be ready to face the Lord at the Judgment Seat of Christ. Also, compare with Rev 14:4 where virgins are used to describe believers during the Tribulation. Hence, whether during the present church dispensation or in the future Tribulation, virgins always represent believers. In either case, believers need to be ready to meet the Lord. Represent the Holy Spirit and regeneration. All believers have been regenerated by the Holy Spirit given eternal life. What are believers to do with their lamps [light]? Let them shine (Matt 5:15). Believers should not hide their light; rather they should let it shine. The issues that should be noted are wisdom and foolishness. The virgins represent two kinds of believers the wise and the foolish; the spiritual and the carnal. This distinction is the controlling theme for many of Jesus parables. As believers, we are admonished to be wise we are not simply wise because we are a believer. Cf. Matt 7:24-27; Eph 5:15-17; Col 1:9-10 Being wise, 5 of the believers have an extra supply or reservoir of oil. The extra oil they have represents spiritual depth/strength the fullness of the Spirit. It should be noted that spiritual depth is something a believer must develop. This occurs as we meditate and pray. It requires our diligent work and attention. It takes place as we deepen our love for the Lord and His will (Cf. Eph 5:18; Col 3:16). Spirituality (spiritual depth) cannot be borrowed from someone else hence fellowship among Christians, while important, is not fellowship with God. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 3

4 The foolish, while they anticipate the coming of the Bridegroom (v. 1), do not prepare themselves for what is needed. They do not look far enough ahead relative to their need for extra oil - spiritual depth/strength (cf. 2 Pet 1:3-11). v. 5 Slumbered and slept v. 6 Midnight cry v. 7-8 Extra oil v. 9 Buying oil v. 10 Ready All the virgins are said to have been at rest. This refers to the time they spend between the rapture and the abomination of desolation (24:15). During this time they will not have great difficulty and they will experience relative peace. A shout is made signaling the coming of the Bridegroom. This sign points these tribulational Jewish believers to the soon return of their Messiah. The midnight cry represents the abomination of desolation spoken of earlier by Jesus in 24:15 it is the prominent sign which signals His return. The midnight cry is the sign that all the virgins should have known was coming. The wise were prepared for the cry, but the foolish were not. When the cry is made, all the virgins go out to meet the bridegroom, but the wise are prepared for the time period between the cry and the actual arrival of the bridegroom. They know the night is dark and they will be in the dark for a while as they wait for the bridegroom. Having plenty of oil allows them to safely navigate their way to the bridegroom. The foolish anticipate His coming but they are not prepared. They seek help from the wise as they ask to borrow some of their oil. They explain that their lamps are going out (KJV says gone out; Greek tense says going out). The wise had taken the time and devoted themselves to securing extra oil. They knew and understood the need for the extra oil. They knew that spiritual depth and closeness with the Lord would be needed when the cry was sounded. It is something they could not give the foolish. The wise explain that they could not provide the foolish with the extra oil they needed. The wise recognized what was needed as they waited for the bridegroom. While the time is relatively short (3 ½ years from the Abomination of Desolation to the return of Christ to earth), this time period is intensely wicked and persecution and betrayal will abound. Interpretation and application of this verse point us to two great truths: 1) salvation from eternity in the Lake of Fire cannot be purchased (worked for); it is a gift from God (Eph 2:8-9). 2) Reward must be earned (worked for); it requires diligence and effort endurance (cf. 24: 10-14; Luke 21:19; James 1:2-12; 1 Tim 2:1-15). As the story concludes, while the foolish virgins are out trying to buy oil, the bridegroom arrives. The wise are ready, and they go with the bridegroom to the wedding. As Jewish believers, they enjoy a special closeness with the bridegroom (their Messiah). The imagery is that of a Jewish wedding. Many times a banquet hall would be the focal point of the marriage feast. Those who were allowed entrance into the banquet hall were those closest to the bridegroom. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 4

5 v. 11 Open v. 12 I know you not v. 13 Watch When the foolish appear, it is too late. The closeness they could have experienced with the bridegroom has been lost. They are not allowed the experience as the door has been shut, and the festivities have begun. The interpretation here is critical. The foolish were not prepared as they had been commanded to be. Hence, they reap what they have sown. The foolish plead with their Lord asking for the privilege to enjoy the wedding feast to its fullest. They want to be close to the bridegroom they want to see Him and sit and eat with Him. Unfortunately, for them they will not enjoy this privilege while others will (cf. Matt 8:10-12). The foolish believers receive a sobering and saddening answer. The Lord tells them He will not open the door of privilege to them. I know you not is the Lord s declaration to them. The Greek word for know used here is the word oida. Oida denotes knowledge by reflection. It also can mean respect or honor (cf. 1 Thes 5:12). Hence, the Lord is saying to these servants, I do not honor your request to enjoy the festivities. You had the chance to earn my respect, but you were foolish. The wise virgins will experience closeness with the bridegroom at the feast as they will sit and eat with him at the table. The foolish will be excluded from this privilege. In the coming kingdom, the wise will enjoy special closeness with the Lord. The foolish, while in the kingdom, will not enjoy this privilege. This parable reinforces Jesus extensive teaching on reward for faithfulness. Wise counsel for us as well as those to whom this parable directly applies can also be seen in Paul s epistle to the Philippians where he said he wanted to know Him in 3:10. Certainly Paul was speaking of intimate fellowship with his Lord (whom Paul already knew as Savior). Such intimate fellowship would result in great reward and privilege. Paul desperately wanted to avoid shame and disqualification when his Lord evaluated His life (cf. Phil 3:10-14; 1 Cor 9:24-27). Paul wanted to hear the words well done and certainly knew the benefits that resulted from knowing the Lord in a close and intimate way. Paul also knew that acceptance from the Lord required diligence and labor (2 Cor 5:8-11). The parable technically ends in v. 12. Verse 13 is a swing verse which will connect the parable in vs with the parable of the talents (25:14-30). Jesus is speaking to His disciples who represent believers from the present dispensation (the church cf. Eph 2:20) as well as the future tribulation period (primarily Jews). He reminds all believers that watchfulness is important. He is coming to judge His people and readiness is paramount. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 5

6 The Parable of the Talents Matt 25:13-30 As we study this parable, we must remember that in the Olivet Discourse (Matt 24-25) our Lord is addressing judgment, the end of the current age and the beginning of the next age His Messianic or Millennial Kingdom. Hence, a culmination of events is being described by our Lord and we should be keenly aware of the implications for our lives. The parable of the Talents is a very important parable. It tells us how our Lord will judge his people. The parable of the Talents addresses Christians in the present church dispensation. This conclusion is made by understanding that Jesus was speaking to His disciples specifically Peter, James, John, and Andrew (Matt 24:3; Mark 13:3). These disciples represent believers of the present church dispensation (cf. Eph 2:20). Further, we understand this due to the various truths taught in the Olivet Discourse. The primary subject matter of the discourse is the beginning of The Day of Lord (or the Lord s Day) and the tribulation (Daniel s 70 th week Dan 9:24-27) both future events. Signs abound in chapter 24 which reveal this time period, mainly the abomination of desolation (24:15). Believers from the church dispensation will be raptured prior to the events outlined in Matt 24:4-28. In verses Jesus describes the rapture of the church which occurs without any sign. Believers are told to stay ready, for their Lord can come at any moment (24:42). Hence, the rapture is imminent meaning there are no events that must transpire or signs that must occur for it to happen. While the rapture is imminent, we know as Jesus spoke these words, it was not immediate. The parable of the talents helps us see this distinction as it describes the man who is gone on a far journey and is gone for a long time (25:19). This description only fits the 2000 year church dispensation along with the consequent rapture of the church. Further, the lack of any signs in the parable affirms the church is in mind. Below is a chart which outlines the timeframe of the discourse along with the events described above. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 6

7 The Prophetic Timeline Day of Christ Judgment Seat of Christ Matt 25:13-30; Rom 14:10-12; 1 Cor 3:9-15; 2 Cor 5:6-11 Overcomers will Rule Those overcome will Weep C h u r c h Rapture Matt:24:36-44 Preparation Isa 17; Ps 83; Ez Covenant Made Dan 9:27 Satan cast out of the heavens Rev 12 Covenant Broken Abomination of Desolation Dan 9:27; Matt 24:15 Israel: 3 ½ years of protection Israel: 3 ½ years of affliction Revelation Matt 24:29-31; Rev 19 Millennial Kingdom 1000 Years Rev 20 Israel head of nations Overcomers rule Great White Throne Judgment Rev 20 Eternal Kingdom 1 Cor 15:24-28; Rev The Day of The Lord or The Lord s Day (1 Thes 5:2; Rev 1:10) The Day of God 2 Pet 3:10-12 The Tribulation Daniel s 70 th week (Matt 24:4-28; Dan 9:24-27) The Great Tribulation (Matt 24:15-28) Mat 25:13 Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh. Verse 13 is a swing verse which connects the parable in 24:42-51 with the parable of the talents (25:13-30). Jesus again reminds us that watchfulness is important. The word watch could be translated stay alert or be ready. It carries the idea of standing firm something only a believer can do. He is coming to rapture and subsequently judge His people hence readiness is paramount. Further, the Greek word for watch is a present imperative of gregoreo. An imperative is a command. As a present imperative, the meaning of this command should be understood as continue to stay alert. Jesus commands us to always be alert in anticipation of His return. We are to be ready, for the Lord could come today! This simply reinforces His command in 24:42 where He told us to be alert since we do not know the time of His return. If we do not stay alert, we will suffer loss! He likened Himself to a thief and warned believers to be ready so they would not be surprised by the thief (cf. Rev 3:3). The fact that Jesus commands believers to be ready at any moment provides the essential clue for our understanding of who He is speaking to. The ye of this verse identifies the recipients his disciples and by extension us. The imminent return Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 7

8 of the Lord applies directly and only to church dispensation believers. Believers in the tribulation will have an abundance of signs that will provide them a timeline for the Lord s return. This is understood in 24:15 as Jesus teaches that the abomination of desolation will mark the midpoint of the tribulation. Hence, for believers in the tribulation, Jesus coming is not imminent for it is preceded by signs. Further, it should be fully understood that unbelievers are not commanded to watch, stay alert or stand firm. Rather, they are commanded to believe in the Lamb of God which takes away the sin of the world the Lord Jesus Christ (cf. John 1:29; 6:29; Acts 16:31)! Obviously, in this verse, unbelievers would not be commanded to continue being alert or ready. There is nothing for them to continue doing they need to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and be saved! Hence, it should be abundantly clear that Jesus is speaking to His own those who have believed and are children of God (cf. John 1:12-13). Mat 25:14 For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. Since the coming of the Son of Man could happen at any moment, Jesus likens our Christian experience to a powerful man (a Lord) traveling to a far country who gives his servants various responsibilities. Notice the italics in this verse and know that Jesus is expanding upon verse 13 by saying For as a man traveling... Also notice to whom this man gives or delivers his goods his own servants. This is another important clue as it shows that Jesus is talking about Christians those who are born again and possess the gift of eternal life. There is no question, according to this parable, about who owns these servants. Further, the man entrusts his goods to his servants. He provides them with the things necessary to carry out his wishes. Hence, these servants are stewards of their master s resources. As Christians, we have been given a stewardship as well as spiritual gifts. The Lord has entrusted us with a job and He has provided what we need to complete the job. As stewards, God requires us to be faithful (1 Cor 4:2) while He is away in the far country. Faithfulness is what God requires and if He requires it, He will evaluate it. Hence, faithfulness or the lack thereof is the subject matter at hand in this parable. Mat 25:15 And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey. Notice that the master of these servants sovereignly decides who gets what. The master knows the abilities of each of his servants. Some receive more of his goods than others. This is the decision of the master and the servants simply receive what is entrusted to them. The Lord has entrusted every believer with spiritual gift(s) which He alone has sovereignly chosen. Hence, our Lord knows what He has given us and expects us to act wisely. (cf. 1 Cor 12). The spiritual gift(s) we all have as believers are to be used for the edification of the body of Christ. When the body is strong, the Lord is pleased and the world sees the work of God in our lives. Failure to recognize and use the gift(s) given to us is a major problem in the church. The lack of workers being in the place using their gifts greatly hampers the effectiveness of the Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 8

9 body. Paul dealt extensively with the importance of spiritual gifts in 1 Corinthians Chapters Mat 25:16 Then he that had received the five talents went and traded with the same, and made them other five talents. Mat 25:17 And likewise he that had received two, he also gained other two. The two servants mentioned here took what their master had provided and acted wisely. They obviously knew of their responsibility and used what their master gave them for their good as well as his good. They are depicted as making a profit from what was delivered to them. This parallels with Jesus command for us to store up treasure in heaven (Matt 6:20). We can only do this because of His grace and the talents He has given us which allow us to do work pleasing to Him. One could deduce that the servants pictured here were thinking clearly and should be likened to spiritual Christians. These mature Christians know that they are building with lasting materials on the foundation of Jesus. Once they stand before their Lord, He will evaluate their work and see it is lasting and not made of perishable material (cf. 1 Cor 3:9-15). Great reward will be the result of such God enabled performance. Mat 25:18 But he that had received one went and digged in the earth, and hid his lord's money. The servant pictured in this verse did not act the same way the other two did. Instead of acting wisely and making a return on his master s goods, he buries the one and only resource he has. Later in the parable we will see this servant knew his masters will, but he became overwhelmed with fear and ignored his responsibilities as a steward. This servant represents the carnal Christian. The carnal Christian has the gift of eternal life, but does not use the spiritual gift(s) God has given him to use as His steward. Instead of letting His light shine, he puts it under a bushel (5:15-16). Instead of walking in the Spirit, he walks in the flesh (cf. Gal 5:13-26). Mat 25:19 After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them. The story continues as it records the master s return from his long, time consuming journey. Upon returning, his first order of business is to reckon or settle the accounts. From this line, it is apparent that the master intended for all his servants to produce a return. Hence, the master arrives back to evaluate each servants performance. This part of the parable also provides us vital information as it relates to how our Lord will judge us. We know from Jesus (16:27; Rev 22:12) as well as Paul s (Col 3:23-25) teaching that we will be judged based on our works. Our works will determine our eternal reward. Again, this parable helps us see exactly what our Lord expects from His blood bought servants (cf. 1 Cor 6:20). Christians will stand before the Judgment seat of Christ according to the apostle Paul (Rom 14:10-12; 2 Cor 5:6-11). The purpose and scope of this judgment is significant. While this judgment is exclusively for believers those who have received the gift of eternal life its scope is nevertheless eternal relative to reward eternal reward! The outcome of this Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 9

10 judgment determines the quality of eternal life we can enjoy throughout the endless ages. This is why Jesus encouraged lay up treasures for your selves in heaven (Matt 6:20). Paul told us to run, that you may obtain (1 Cor 9:24) the prize an incorruptible crown. Heavenly treasure and a ruling crown is the God ordained and directed goal for our lives! This is what God has delivered us from hell for to rule and reign with Jesus as a member of the royal aristocracy of the sky! Cf. 2 Tim 2:12; Heb 2:5-8; Rev 2:26; 3:21. Ruling with Christ in His kingdom is the ultimate way we can say thank you to the Lord! Those who earn crowns will use them to serve the Lord as rulers in His kingdom. Obedience to Him during our short life on earth will allow us to worship and serve Him in the greatest possible capacity in His coming kingdom as well as in the ages that follow! What an incentive to be obedient! Only God would design such an awesome system! Mat 25:20 And so he that had received five talents came and brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: behold, I have gained beside them five talents more. Mat 25:21 His lord said unto him, Well done, thou good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. Mat 25:22 He also that had received two talents came and said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: behold, I have gained two other talents beside them. Mat 25:23 His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. The servants above were entrusted with their masters goods and they were faithful stewards. They took what was delivered to them and used it to bring profit and pleasure to their master. As a result of their work, the master awards them great reward payment for their work. He does this because they have been good and faithful. Even though he was gone far away for a long time, these servants remained faithful to their master. They did not waste their time or their master s talents. They did not grow weary in well doing. Because of their faithful service during a difficult and trying time, their master rewards them with an elevated status as rulers over many things. There is a definite correlation between the few things initially entrusted to them and the many things they will enjoy in the future. The master is pleased and invites them to share in his joy. Because of their faithfulness, these servants gain commendation, compensation, and comradery with their master. This parable expounds upon the great teaching of reward in the scriptures. Our Lord has a purpose for our lives! He has saved us from eternal death for a purpose! Our Christian walk is important eternally important! The difficulties we face and challenges presented before us are for our good and His glory (cf. James 1:2-12). We should think of our Christian life as a training ground for eternity maybe even like a boot camp. Our Lord has provided us with the necessary goods to be successful of course success is measured only by our Lord. Success in His eyes is measured by our faithfulness. If we are faithful and endure the challenges put before us, we can expect to enjoy the same commendation, compensation, and comradery as these faithful servants depicted in the parable of the talents. For more study on the subject of reward see Matt 5:3-12; 6:19-20; 1 Cor 3:9-15; 9:24-27; Col 3:23-25; 2 Tim 2:11-13; Rev 2 & 3. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 10

11 Mat 25:24 Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed: Mat 25:25 And I was afraid, and went and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, there thou hast that is thine. As the story progresses, the last servant has chosen a different path from the other two. Instead of wisely using his one and only talent to produce a return for his master, he wastes it by burying it in the earth. This servant became fearful and did not obey his masters will. Instead of focusing upon the will of his master and the benefits that would follow, this servant squandered his opportunity for greatness. He knew that his master was austere and required a return for the resources he entrusted to the servant. No doubt, the length of time his master had been away made a difference in his decision. Instead of going out and using the talent in the open, he hid the talent. As mentioned above, this servant represents a carnal Christian (1 Cor 3:1) who does not let his light shine in the world. The carnal Christian is generally torn between the commands of scripture and the pleasures of the flesh. Instead of being filled with the Sprit and walking in the Spirit, they walk in the lust of the flesh. Fear can become a driving force which paralyzes them. The spiritual gifts, various abilities, and opportunities to grow in the Lord can be ignored. God has given all believers at least one spiritual gift which He expects us to use to the fullest extent. It is interesting to note that the believer depicted as the unfaithful servant only had one talent. Maybe he felt ill equipped as he considered the other servants who had more than he did. We must not look at others to determine our course of action. We must accept and use what our Lord has given realizing He has sovereignly distributed to us what He wants us to have. We must not seek more or desire less. We must bloom where we are planted! Mat 25:26 His lord answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strawed: Mat 25:27 Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers, and then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury. After the servant speaks to his master, the master speaks to his servant. Stinging rebuke proceeds from his master. Obviously, the servant knew his masters will. He knew there was a reckoning day coming and he should have been prepared (this is why Jesus told us to watch and be ready cf. 24:42-51; 25:13). The master expected at least a small return. The master is upset with the fact that his servant has wasted the opportunity the talent provided. The rebuke the master gives is truthful in that he calls the servant wicked and lazy. Wicked because he knew the truth but chose to shirk his responsibility; lazy because his responsibility required great effort which he decided not to put forth. This serves as a stern warning to us. Our Lord is going to evaluate our performance! Truth and righteousness will characterize his evaluation of our lives. Mat 25:28 Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents. Mat 25:29 For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 11

12 from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. Mat 25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. As a result of his unfaithfulness, the unfaithful servant loses his talent. His master is righteous and just, unable to overlook the poor performance of his servant. The master does what the servant knew would happen he takes away the opportunity for greater service for and enjoyment with the master. Those who have been faithful to the master enjoy the blessings while the unfaithful lose the opportunity for such enjoyment. The end result for the unfaithful servant is sorrow and regret for a wasted opportunity. While still the masters servant, the unfaithful servant is set aside, unable to enjoy all the rewards that could have been his. Instead of commendation, compensation, and comradery, the unfaithful servant receives rebuke, removal of reward, and a remote position in the kingdom. The end result of a Christian life of wasted opportunity is depicted by that of the unfaithful servant. God has freely given us eternal life as a gift. Upon receipt of that gift we were also given opportunity to have abundance of eternal life reward (cf. John 10:10b). Peter referred to this abundance as an abundant entrance into the kingdom (2 Pet 1:11). While the gift of eternal life is not earned, abundance of eternal life is earned. In other words, God is not a communist. He will judge His children based on their performance. Eternal wealth or poverty will be the result (Matt 6:19-20). We must certainly run to win (1 Cor 9:24), press for the mark (Phil 3:14), and overcome (Rev 3:21) so that we can enjoy everything our gracious Lord wants to provide! The plight of the unfaithful servant is sobering. Many have wondered at the concept of outer darkness (literally the darkness outside). Some have assumed it to be hell. The context and overall teaching of scripture does not equate the outer darkness with hell. The outer darkness is mentioned three times, and only in Matthew (8:12; 22:13; 25:30). Most likely, the outer darkness represents the place of service the unfaithful Christian will receive it is the place of service for the least in the kingdom (Matt 5:19; 11:11). This would put the physical location of the outer darkness in the regions beyond the glory of the heavenly city from which great light emanates; hence the outer darkness or darkness outside. The proximity of those in the outer darkness will not be the same as those who are ruling with Christ. Those ruling with Christ will enjoy closeness with Him they will literally be next to Him in the light. 1 Those who are not ruling with Christ will not be close to Him but will be far away in the outer darkness. The phrase weeping and gnashing of teeth is a phrase used to describe anguish and remorse. It was a common phrase used in the oriental culture. In this context, the remorse is very real and lasting. How long it will last has been debated. Some commentators have indicated that the remorse lasts only for a few moments, some for longer even the entire 1000 years of the Messianic Kingdom (cf. Rev 21:4). It is possible that it lasts eternally! It most likely will last at least for the 1000 year Messianic Kingdom. It should be understood that the text does not say that all these individuals will do is weep and gnash their teeth. It will in all 1 Of those who rule with Christ, there will still be differences in position and privilege. Scripture teaches (this parable in fact) that there will be a hierarchy even among the rulers in the kingdom (the same is likely true in the outer darkness; for some it will be darker than others). Rest assured, the Master will righteously evaluate every servant and reward (or not) for their labor. Naturally, some will be rewarded with more than others because they are worthy of more (cf. Heb 6:10; 2 John 8). Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 12

13 likelihood not be something they do continually. Rather, it will most likely be at intervals more at the onset of the judgment and less as time goes on. No matter the endurance of the remorse, the key is to be ready and avoid it at all costs! While the faithful will enjoy brightness, prominence, and closeness in the kingdom with the Lord, the unfaithful will not enjoy these blessings and privileges. The faithful will enjoy the title of sovereign in the kingdom while the unfaithful will be subjects in the kingdom. This is only fitting with a just and righteous judge. To quote Paul, 23 And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men; 24 Knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ. 25 But he that doeth wrong shall receive for the wrong which he hath done: and there is no respect of persons. (Col 3:23-25) Also, notice the apostle John s words to believers: 1 Jn 2:28 And now, little children, abide in him; that, when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming. While Calvinist and Armenian commentators sometimes understand the outer darkness as hell, many commentators do not. Numerous commentators recognize that the context of this and other seemingly difficult passages speak of reward and the loss thereof. For further study, consult John Phillip s commentary Exploring Matthew, Charles Stanley s book Eternal Security, Erwin Lutzer s book Your Eternal Reward, and Warren Wiersbe s commentary on Matthew Be Loyal. In the Tim Lahaye Prophecy Study Bible, page 1234, Dr. Tony Evans comments on reward and the parable of the talents: In this parable, those who are faithful with their time, talent, and treasures that Christ gives them will be rewarded with crowns (1 Cor 9:24-27) and the opportunity to assist in the governing of the Millennial Kingdom (Rev 20:4). But those Christians who are unfaithful (Matt 25:28-30) will have their rewards taken from them and given to those who were faithful, and they will be cast into outer darkness, the place where there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. The outer darkness described in this passage is not a description of hell, but is likely a lesser status in God s kingdom. Unfaithful Christians will see more diligent Christians rule and reign with Christ. Realizing that they could have had much greater reward and prominence in God s kingdom, these unfaithful stewards will weep and gnash their teeth in deep remorse and regret. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org Page 13

14 Parable of the Sheep and Goats Matt 25:31-46 The parable of the Sheep and Goats is the concluding parable in the Olivet Discourse. The discourse is critical to us in that it shows how Jesus deals with all three people groups outlined in scripture: Jews, Gentiles, and the Church (1 Cor 10:32). In chapter 25, the parable of the virgins dealt with faithful and unfaithful Jewish believers (virgins); the parable of the talents dealt with faithful and unfaithful Church dispensation believers (servants). The parable of the Sheep and Goats will focus on faithful Gentile believers (sheep) as well as unbelieving Gentiles (goats). It is important that we remain consistent with the metaphors our Lord gives us. Hence virgins are virgins, servants are servants, sheep are sheep, and goats are goats. Each metaphor describes specific individuals and it is important not to confuse or mix the metaphors! As we have already observed, the subject of all the parables is judgment according to works. Every person, believer or unbeliever, will be judged based upon their works (Rev 20:11-13; 22:12). This fact must not be forgotten. Children of God (believers) from all three groups will be judged according to the life they lived as God s children. While children of God have in one sense already been judged (Jesus, as our substitute, took our place on the cross; cf. Gal 2:20) since we stand in Christ, nevertheless, our works will be judged to determine what, if any, reward we deserve. The timeframe of the parable of the sheep and goats is just after Jesus has returned to earth from His long stay in heaven at the right hand of the Father. We refer to this phase of His second coming as the revelation (cf. 24:30). Jesus will have already raptured the church and subsequently judged them in heaven at the Judgment Seat of Christ. The rapture occurs at least 7 years prior (possibly 10 years prior) to the revelation. Since the church has been judged and rewarded accordingly, Jesus returns to earth to judge and reward living Jews (24:31) and living Gentiles (25:31-46) as well as Tribulation saints and Old Testament saints, both of which are resurrected at this time. This resurrection of Tribulation and Old Testament saints is not elaborated upon in 25:31-46, but other passages and logical deduction must place the resurrection and judgment at this time (see summary of major judgments chart for more detail). Mat 25:31 When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory: Mat 25:32 And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats: Mat 25:33 And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. Notice the manner and organization of the judgment. Jesus, the righteous King and Judge, is seated in His rightful place. He administers judgment for the Gentiles (all nations). His first order of business with the Gentiles, as revealed by this passage, is to first separate the sheep (believers) from the goats (unbelievers). It should be noted that much of the earth s population will have been decimated from the judgments of the tribulation. Also, while not Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org 14

15 revealed by this passage, the judgment of living Jews will have already taken place. Believing as well as unbelieving Jews (if any unbelieving Jews survive the tribulation) who survived the tribulation will face the Judge. It goes without saying that He will divide the believing Jews from the unbelieving Jews. Unbelieving Jews will be judged according to their works (to determine the degree of punishment they receive) and cast into the lake of fire. Believing Jews (faithful and unfaithful depicted in 25:1-12) will be rewarded accordingly (positively and negatively). Realize that by the term believers we mean those individuals who have received the gift of eternal life simply by faith alone in Christ alone. These individuals were born again and are children of God. Believers today, tomorrow, or at any time (including the tribulation and millennium) become believers the same way by trusting Christ alone for the gift of eternal life (cf. John 3:16; Acts 16:31; Rev 22:17). Eternal life is freely given and received simply by belief and without works of any kind or event the expectation of works (cf. Tit 3:5). This salvation is totally and completely given because of God s unmerited grace. Mat 25:34 Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: The King reveals great truths to these sheep. These sheep are blessed in that the Father has intended for them to inherit the kingdom from eternity past. God s will was and is that man inherit (have ruling ownership) the earth. Inheriting the earth is a reward from the Father which must be earned. Unlike the free gift of eternal life, inheriting must be earned. This is explained as Jesus next speaks to these sheep telling them why they are receiving this inheritance. Mat 25:35 For I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in: Mat 25:36 Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me. By using the word for (gar) Jesus tells these sheep why they have come into possession of this inheritance. Their sacrifice (giving of food, water, clothing, shelter, etc.) is not the result of inheriting the kingdom; rather it is the requirement for inheriting it! They have been faithful and loving. They have endured to the end with faith and hope (24:14). They gave of themselves and followed the example of Jesus the Servant King! Jesus had told them earlier that the meek would inherit the earth (5:5). Hence, because they are faithful obedient sheep, they are rewarded with this inheritance. We must recognize these are sheep first and obedient sheep second. We do not know they are sheep because of what they have done. Rather, we know they are sheep because the Lord has first separated the sheep from the goats. The sheep pictured here are wise sheep in that they have followed the admonition of scripture. Instead of being carnal sheep, they are spiritual (cf. 1 Cor 3:1). Mat 25:37 Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? Mat 25:38 When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? Mat 25:39 Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? Mat 25:40 And the King shall answer and say unto Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org 15

16 them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. These Gentile believers were serving the King of all the earth when they ministered to His saints during the tribulation. Jesus obliges their service with commendation and great reward the reward of inheritance (cf. Col 3:24). No doubt, these faithful sheep experience the promise of reward Jesus outlined in 5:3-12 and 19: Because of their choice to serve the Lord, they are certainly called blessed. By inheriting the earth, these sheep will enjoy the superlative privilege of ruling and reigning with the Messiah upon the earth. Mat 25:41 Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels: Next, Jesus judges the goats (unbelieving Gentiles). As already noted, the focus in this passage is judgment according to works. The first order of business was to separate the sheep from the goats and then judge them based upon their works. The goats have condemnation already looming over them (John 3:36). Since they have never believed in Jesus for eternal life, they are dammed to eternal death. While this is not the Fathers will, it is nonetheless the result of their condition outside of the Messiah. Everlasting fire was never intended for mankind. Rather, it was created for rebellious angels. However, because of man s sin which occurred in Adam everlasting fire is their fate since they are not children of God by the new birth. Mat 25:42 For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink: Mat 25:43 I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye clothed me not: sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. Mat 25:44 Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? Mat 25:45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. Jesus explains to these unbelievers that their actions against His children were in fact actions against Him. The degree of their punishment in the Lake of Fire will be determined by their actions. The more truth they shunned, the greater their punishment. This understanding of judgment is consistent with a righteous and honorable Judge. Mat 25:46 And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal. Jesus concludes this section explaining that the goat s eternal abode is punishment while the sheep experience eternal life. This statement does not fully reflect the dual nature of eternal life. Rather it is a general statement which broadly expresses the abode of both the sheep and goats. It should be noted that this passage does not teach good people go to heaven while bad people go to hell. Sheep go to heaven because they are sheep; goats go to hell because they are goats. To determine otherwise makes attainment of heaven based on good Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org 16

17 works. Obtainment of heaven is only by God s grace received by faith alone in Christ alone. On the other hand, attainment of riches or inheritance in heaven requires works. In John 10:10b Jesus revealed the dual nature of eternal life when He said: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly. Life refers to quantity while abundantly refers to the quality. These sheep will experience a high quality of eternal life because of their God ordained and energized performance. Peter elaborated upon this theme in 2 Pet 1:3-11 when he revealed that believers who walked in the spirit would have abundant entrance into the kingdom. Below is chart that attempts to illustrate the dual aspects of eternal life as taught in scripture. First, eternal life can be thought of as quantity it has an endless duration. The quantity is infinite, hence it is eternal. This is why we can have assurance that we will live forever and have unconditional eternal security. What we receive by grace through faith alone will never end. Second, eternal life has a quality aspect. There certainly is a threshold for the quality of life in heaven, but God will reward those who have been obedient to His command with a greater quality of eternal life. Understanding this twofold aspect of eternal life helps us make sense of certain passages that seem to be contradictory. Hence, eternal life can refer to a gift in one passage and a reward in another passage. As always, context (in all its various forms) determines the meaning. The Scriptural Concept Of Eternal Life Matt 19:28-29; Mark 10:29-30; John 7:37-38; Gal 6:8; 1 Tim 6:12, 19 Quality of Eternal Life The reward of eternal life Gal 6:8 1. Earned only by those with the gift Eph 2: Co-heir with Christ Rom 8:17b 3. Ownership in the kingdom Matt 5:10 4. Rulers in the kingdom Rev 3:21 5. Wealth in heaven Matt 6:19-20 Threshold line The free gift of eternal life Eph 2:8-9; Rom 5 1. We become a born again child of God John 1: Heir of God Rom 8:17a 3. Unconditional : we will never perish in hell John 3:16 4. Glorified in a new body for eternity 1 Cor 15: With Christ for eternity 1 Thes 5:10 Quantity of Eternal Life John 3:16; 5:24; 6:47; 10:28-29 Dimensions of Eternal Life: Static, yet a dynamic, expanding concept. John 10:10 I am come that they might have life (quantity), and that they might have it more abundantly (quality). Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org 17

18 SUMMARY OF MAJOR JUDGMENTS # JUDGMENT WHO WHEN WHERE BASIS OUTCOME The Whole World: Approximately Earth Gift of eternal life to everyone who believes 1 The Cross Work of God s Son John 1:29; 3:16; 5:24 33 AD At Calvary entrance into the kingdom. All Church Eternal reward or loss of eternal reward Judgment Seat After the Heaven at the Works done on 2 Dispensation Believers: Inheriting or not inheriting the kingdom. of Christ Rapture Bema earth Rom 14:10-12; 2 Cor 5:6-11 Positions in the kingdom determined. 3 Beast & False Prophet 4 Israel 5 Gentiles 6 7 OT & Tribulation Saints Satan & Fallen Angels 8 Great White Throne Beast and False Prophet: Rev 19:11-20 Living Jews: Mal 3:2-5; Ez 20:33-38; Matt 25:1-12 Living Gentiles: Joel 3:1-2; Matt 25:31-46 All OT and Tribulation Saints (who died during the tribulation) Dan 12:1-3; Rev 20:4-6 Satan & Fallen Angels: Matt 25:41; Rev: 20:10 All yet unjudged unbelievers and believers: Rev 20:11-15 After the tribulation at the Revelation After the Revelation After the Revelation after #4 After the Revelation End of the millennium After the millennium Earth at Messiah s Throne Earth at Messiah s Throne Earth at Messiah s Throne Earth at Messiah s Throne In the heavens In the heavens Rejection of Christ; deceit of others Tribulation Israel s response to God Tribulation Gentile s response to God Works done on Earth Rebellion against God & evil works Response to God as well as works done on earth Eternal condemnation in the Lake of fire high degree of punishment. Unbelieving: Lake of fire with degrees of punishment. Believing: Kingdom entrance with degrees of reward or loss. Inheritance and positions in the kingdom determined. Unbelieving: Lake of fire with degrees of punishment. Believing: Kingdom entrance with degrees of reward or loss. Inheritance and positions in the kingdom determined. Eternal Reward or loss of eternal reward Inheriting or not inheriting the kingdom. Positions in the kingdom determined. Eternal torment in the lake of fire highest degree of punishment. Unbelieving: Lake of fire with degrees of punishment. Believing: Degrees of reward or loss. Inheritance and positions in the eternal kingdom determined. All judgments are based on works. Nevertheless, judgment # 1 is unique. The judgment at the cross was based upon the work of one man the Lord Jesus Christ which was done on our behalf. In fact, the work was done on behalf of the entire world! Because of His work, whoever simply believes His promise can receive the gift of everlasting life. This judgment is the watershed for all mankind. If one has received the gift of everlasting life, they are considered a child of God and will live with God (outside of the lake of fire) for eternity! However, just because one has eternal life does not mean they don t have other judgments to face. For children of God, the other judgments are relative to our performance as children of God. These judgments will determine our reward the extent to which we will enjoy or experience eternity. Jesus not only promised (eternal) life, but abundant (eternal) life (John 10:10b). Abundance of eternal life is what children of God must work to attain. Those individuals who are not children of God are already condemned to the lake of fire. Their performance as a human being will be evaluated by the Lord to determine the severity of their eternal punishment in the lake of fire. Scott Crawford teacher@wordoftruthclass.org 18