EVOLUTION OF MOBILE NETWORKS TOWARDS 5G. Ringvorlesung HfTL, Dr. Gerhard Kadel, Telekom Innovation Laboratories

Transcription

1 EVOLUTION OF MOBILE NETWORKS TOWARDS 5G Ringvorlesung HfTL, Dr. Gerhard Kadel, Telekom Innovation Laboratories

2 Agenda Introduction: The success of mobile communications Basics of LTE LTE Evolution LTE as enabler for Hybrid Access Evolution towards 5G Summary and Outlook 2

3 INTRODUCTION THE SUCCESS OF MOBILE COMMUNICTIONS strictly confidential, confidential, internal, public 1/14/2015 3

4 MOBILE REVOLUTION: THREE DECADES OF SUCCESS LTE HAS TAKEN UP RAPIDLY TACS GSM UMTS LTE G 2G 3G 4G 4

5 LTE SUBSCRIPTIONS IN EUROPE ( ) 5

6 GLOBAL LTE COVERAGE (MID 2014) Funkversorgung Telekom: 6

7 BASICS OF LTE strictly confidential, confidential, internal, public 1/14/2015 7

8 CHARACTERISTICS OF LTE AIR INTERFACE (REL. 8) OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) Flexible bandwidth: MHz Max. downlink data rates: 10 MHz: 75 Mbit/s 20 MHz: 150 Mbit/s enables can exploit Frequency Domain Scheduling MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Optimization of resource allocation in time and frequency domain Improvement of link quality or parallel transmission of multiple data streams 8

9 Throughput, bits per second per Hz MOBILE NETWORKS ACCESS EVERYWHERE Signal-to-Noise and Interference ratio (SINR) [db] City of Cologne Spectral efficiency [Bit/s/Hz] for LTE MCS-1 [QPSK,R=1/8] MCS-2 [QPSK,R=1/5] MCS-3 [QPSK,R=1/4] MCS-4 [QPSK,R=1/3] MCS-5 [QPSK,R=1/2] MCS-6 [QPSK,R=2/3] MCS-7 [QPSK,R=4/5] MCS-8 [16 QAM,R=1/2] MCS-9 [16 QAM,R=2/3] MCS-10 [16 QAM,R=4/5] MCS-11 [64 QAM,R=2/3] MCS-12 [64 QAM,R=3/4] MCS-13 [64 QAM,R=4/5] Shannon SNR, db SINR [db] Distance [m] For low SINR, robust modulation and coding schemes are necessary Radio transmission is limited by interference; Radio Access Networks (RAN) are most expensive and most challenging part of mobile networks 9

10 LTE USES A FLAT, IP-CENTRIC NETWORK ARCHITECTURE X2 S1 BTS: Base Transceiver Station BTS: Base MSC: Transceiver Mobile Switching Station Center MSC: Mobile Switching Center BSC: Base Station Controller SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node RNC: Radio Network Controller BSC: Base GGSN: Station Gateway Controller GPRS Support SGSN: Node Serving GPRS Support Node enodeb: enhanced NodeB RNC: Radio MME: Network Mobility Controller Management Entity GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support NodeSAE GW: HLR: Home Location Register SAE GW: System Architecture Evolution Gateway Source: Nokia Siemens Networks System Architecture Evolution Gateway 10

11 LTE EVOLUTION strictly confidential, confidential, internal, public 1/14/

12 SMART PHONES AND TABLETS LEAD TO TREMENDOUS GROWTH OF MOBILE TRAFFIC Global mobile traffic (monthly Exabytes*) Source: Ericsson Mobility Report, June 2014 Mobile data traffic growth exponentially Mobile data traffic will grow by ca. 65% per year In 2019 the mobile data volume will be about 10 times higher than in 2013 Mobile video streaming is main driver for traffic growth (more than 50% of total traffic) In mid term and long term, additional traffic will be generated by various new application areas (e.g. Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Health, Smart Cities, Industry 4.0, ) Evolution towards 5G All measures for cost-efficient capacity expansions of mobile networks have to be exploited *) 1Billion Gbytes 12

13 Dimensions for Mobile capacity enhancements Spectrum, Technology, Topology Spectrum Limited and expensive resource Technology Continuous improvements of spectral efficiency achieved over last years With LTE Advanced an upper bound will be reached in near future Topology Changing the network topology from a pure macro layer network to a multi- layer network with small cells can improve network capacity significantly In particular, Small Cells are beneficial if traffic is concentrated in HotZones Forecasted mid- and-long term demand: Factor 1000 in capacity improvement needed beyond 2020 Realization approach: 10 x 10 x 10 (Spectrum x Technology x Topology) 13

14 (R)evolution of mobile communications technologies LTE ADVANCED IS NEXT STEP kbps kbps Mbps Mbps 30 (avg) to 150 Mbps (peak) (avg) Mbps to 1 GBps (peak) GSM GPRS/ EDGE UMTS R99, 1st versioni of 3G HSDPA Downlink Enhanced 3G HSPA / HSPA+ Downlink / Uplink Enhanced 3G LTE Broadband radio, IP based architecture Future Wireless Cellular LTE Advanced Ultra Broadband Radio LTE Rel.10 (LTE Advanced) LTE Release 8 Optimised UMTS Enhanced UMTS 3G - UMTS GSM (GPRS / EDGE) 14

15 LTE Advanced Technology Roadmap Selected LTE Advanced Features (Rel. 10+) Carrier Aggregation Data Rate Improvement Contiguous Spectrum Higher Order MIMO* Spectral Efficiency Improvement Downlink 8x8 Multicell Transmission (CoMP*) Cell Edge Quality Improvement Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission & Reception (CoMP) X2 Interface Uplink Non-Contiguous Spectrum 4x4 Up to 600 Mbit/s possible with 4x4 MIMO and Carrier Aggregation (2x20 MHz) New antenna concepts: 3D Beamforming Dynamic vertical and horizontal beamforming based on electronic beam shaping *) MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output CoMP = Coordinated Multi-Point transmission and reception 15

16 Mobile capacity enhancement options After enhancement of marco cell capacity, HetNets are required 16

17 Network Capacity in LTE and LTE-Advanced Macro cells and small cells Macro cells on top of high towers or high buildings Small Textbox cells Headline at walls, poles or outdoor MFC* *) MFC = Multi-Functional Cabinet, part of VDSL infrastructure 17

18 Network Capacity in LTE and LTE-Advanced Small Cells provide additional capacity and a more uniform coverage Challenges Where to place the pico cells? How to find appropriate mounting possibilities? How to realize the backhaul connection? Use the same or a different frequency layer than the macro cell? How to mitigate the interferences? How to perform load balancing and handover between macro and pico cells? 18

19 Small cells are the key for densification, mobile HETNETS are part of LTE-AdVANCED Small Cells in combination with Macro Cells ( HetNets ) are part of the LTE-Advanced standard Two important options with respect to spectrum: Co-channel deployment: Small cells and macro cells share the same frequency spectrum (f) most relevant scenario because all available frequency band will already be used by macro network Dedicated frequency band: Small cells operate in a different band Key questions: What is the capacity improvement when small cells are deployed in addition to an existing macro cell network? What is the difference in terms of performance between dedicated and co-channel deployment? Which influence do the locations of the small cells and the users have on the radio performance? f Macro Cell Small Cell Co-channel Small Cell Macro Cell f Ded. channel Small Cell Macro Cell 19

20 Small cells can provide significant capacity gains Example for throughput improvements Notes: 1 Small Cell per Macro Cell Sector Results are averaged over different user distributions (hotspot, uniform distribution) and small cell placements (cell edge, cell center) Findings for extensive HetNet simulations Average user throughput can be increased up to a factor of 4 Significant capacity increase for the mobile network can be achieved by small cells In addition, the cell-edge performance can be improved over-proportional (e.g. throughput increase up to a factor of 7), leading to more homogenous customer experience across the cell area To exploit full potential in co-channel deployment situations, a coordination (Joint Radio Resource Management, JRRM) between Small Cells and Macro Cells is beneficial JRRM may lead to challenging backhaul requirements 20

21 LTE AS ENABLER FOR HYBRID ACCESS strictly confidential, confidential, internal, public 1/14/

22 INTEGRATED NETWORK STRATEGY OF DEUTSCHE TELEKOM FOR THE BEST BROADBAND EXPERIENCE 1 LTE rollout 2 Fiber rollout 3 Vectoring 4 Hybrid Access Hybrid Device LTE DSL 22

23 INTEGRATED NETWORK STRATEGY OF DEUTSCHE TELEKOM FOR THE BEST BROADBAND EXPERIENCE 1 LTE rollout Bring mobile broadband to all areas Respond to rapidly growing mobile traffic 2 Fiber rollout Bring fiber closer to customers Ultra-fast access experience 3 Vectoring Smart mix of fiber and copper Enhance DSL performance up to 4 times 4 Hybrid Access Hybrid Device LTE DSL Dynamic boost of DSL by LTE speed Synergies of fixed and mobile access 23

24 HYBRID ACCESS HIGHER SPEED THROUGH ACCESS BUNDLING Converged Network Inhouse Network DSL Home Gateway without Hybrid Access with Hybrid Access Speed perceived by customer 24

25 HYBRID ACCESS HIGHER SPEED THROUGH ACCESS BUNDLING Demonstration of a real world scenario DSL 4 Mbit/s + LTE 25

26 EVOLUTION TOWARDS 5G Telekom Innovation Laboratories 1/14/

27 Mobile technologies are evolving fast What is the next step after LTE? Cycle of Innovation TACS GSM UMTS LTE? G 2G 3G 4G 5G* EU project METIS* is addressing R&D related to 5G (incl. T-Labs participation) *) METIS = Mobile communications Enablers for Twenty-twenty (2020) Information Society 27

28 5G LIFT MOBILE COMMNICATION TO NEXT LEVEL TAP INTO SYNERGIES OF CONVERGENT NETWORKS & INFRASTRUCTURE Mobile communications is a very dynamic and growing part of telecommunication business New usage scenarios with high growth potential (e.g. Internet of Things) need new technical solutions Technology (r)evolution with new possibilities for performance enhancements and cost savings for network operation and introduction of new services should be leveraged Successful mobile eco system (customers, operators, devices, manufacturers, ) must be further evolved, taking into account changing environments (OTT players, industry consolidation, changing application areas, application developers, ) and opportunities for operators to introduce new business models Innovation cycles for new mobile radio network generation approximately every 10 years After successful launch of LTE work towards 5G innovations is required now! 28

29 5G SUBJECT TO R&I IN SEVERAL INITIATIVES STRONG PUSH BY ASIAN COUNTRIES US: Intel Strategic Research Alliance, NYU Wireless Research Center UK: 5G Innovation Centre EU: FP7 METIS, 5GNOW, 5G PPP (700 Mio Funding in 2015+) China: IMT2020 (5G) Promotion Group Japan: ARIB 2020 and Beyond Ad-Hoc Group South-Korea: 5G Forum Global activities: 5G Project Rel 14 and beyond (expected) WP 5D: Vision on IMT beyond 2020 Telekom Innovation Laboratories 29

30 5G VISION FOR 2020 AND BEYOND MANY DIFFERENT SCENARIOS WITH HIGH VARIABILITY IN CUSTOMER AND SERVICE DEMANDS Ubiquitous things communicating (huge number of devices, very low energy & cost, coverage, redundancy) Amazingly fast (ultra high data rate, low latency) 5 relevant scenarios for 5G (examples, non-exhaustive) Super real-time & reliable connections (strict latency & reliability, new industrial applications, tactile internet) Great service in a crowd (very dense crowds of users, accessibility) Best experience follows you (mobility, coverage, accessibility) 5G is much more than just more speed Source: METIS (EU-funded R&I project on 5G) Telekom Innovation Laboratories 30

31 TECHNOLOGY TARGETS FOR 5G DIFFERENT SCENARIOS DEMAND HIGH VERSATILITY, SCALABILITY AND EFFICIENCY Amazingly fast Ubiquitous things communicating Great service in a crowd Best experience follows you Super real-time and reliable connections Source: METIS project, scenarios as illustrated on page 6 Ultra high data rate (several Gbps) Low latency (down to 1ms) Optimized content delivery Huge number of devices Very low energy & cost Coverage, redundancy Very high capacity to serve dense crowds of users Accessibility Ensure minimum QoS/carrier grade for services to/in vehicles Support different kinds of mobility Extremely high reliability & security New industrial applications Tactile internet latency 1ms** Ambition levels* x higher data rate than LTE 1000x higher mobile data volume x higher number of connected devices 10x longer battery life for MMC (Massive Machine Communication) devices 5x reduced end-to-end latency w/o increasing cost and energy consumption! * Examples from METIS; DT requirements not yet finally defined ** Telekom Innovation Laboratories 31 5G

32 PSD (db/hz) MANYFOLD 5G TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AREAS MOST SOPHISTICATED TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS Enhanced interference & multi-rat/layer/spectrum coordination Enhanced/ Massive MIMO Ultra-dense radio networks with multi-hop wireless backhaul Nomadic/mobile radio relay nodes LTE CP-OFDM FS1 FS2 3GPP ACLR Frequency (MHz) Flexible air interface (waveform, duplexing, framing, MAC) 5G Innovation Areas addressed by METIS* Cloudification/virtualization of RAN & Core (NFV) Separation of U-/C-Plane (SDN) Device-to-device communication (incl. IoT and V2X) Extension to new spectrum bands Radio channel & propagation models Spectrum access/sharing toolbox Context awareness for interference & mobility management, content adaptation and service delivery * Only extract! Source: METIS 32

33 5G HIGH LEVEL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE APPROACH FROM METIS PROJECT C-RAN + Mobile Core Distributed Functions (incl. optional local breakout or CDN) D2D+MN +URC Virtual Access Nodes CoMP MMC C-RAN (local) Macro radio node* Small cell radio node*, e.g. micro, (ultra-)pico, femto Note: Indoor cells not shown! * Only Remote Radio Units (RRUs) assumed. Traditional Access Nodes Massive MIMO UDN Internet Internet MN D2D Aggregation Network (local, regional, national) Centralized or Distributed Mobile Core Centralized Functions + OAM Wireless access Wireless fronthaul Wired fronthaul Wired backhaul Internet access D2D: Device-to-Device Communication MMC: Massive Machine Communication MN: Moving Networks UDN: Ultra-Dense Networks URC: Ultra-Reliable Communication 33

34 Function Agent Function Agent THE METIS ARCHITECTURE LOGICAL VIEW Geo-Location Data Base External World Network Management Services/ Applications Central Spectrum Manager Spectrum Controller MNOy Spectrum Controller MNOx Context Radio Resource MNGMT Functions Measurement data Traffic information Geo information Interference MNGMT Functions Short-term / Long-term Context MNGMT Functions Mobility MNGMT Functions Radio Processing Function Pool / Data Base Self-Automation MNGMT Functions Local (distributed) / Centralized Energy MNGMT Functions Data Flow Context Air Interface Management D2D discovery / mode selection NW element / UE radio capabilities Base Band Element (BBE) Flexible Protocol Stack Flexible Air Interface Function Function Coordinator Coordinator 5G Orchestrator 5G VNF Manager(s) WSDN Controller Service Flow Management Physical Network BBE C-RAN BBE CNE CNE Internet CNE Device network BBE Access Network Context Transport Network Data Centers Core Network Element (CNE) Core Network Functionality Source: METIS 34

35 THE 5G PPP* VISION A SMART CONNECTED WORLD UBIQUITOUS HIGH-SPEED CONNECTIVITY AND SEAMLESS SERVICE DELIVERY IN ANY CONTEXT 5G PPP = 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership a large EU program for 5G with HORIZON 2020 Telekom Innovation Laboratories 35

36 5G PPP* is NOT classical eu research Key 5G PPP players Phase I Research P1 Py P16 Phase II System optimization Px Py Phase III Large scale trials Px Py 5G PPP will be a valuable platform to develop and test new concepts before bringing them into the standardization process at 3GPP, ETSI, IETF, et al. 5G PPP = 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership a large EU program for 5G Telekom Innovation Laboratories 36

37 Summary and outlook The success of mobile networks and services is going on LTE market introduction has been progressing extremely fast Deployment of LTE Advanced features (Carrier Aggregation, Small Cells, Higher Order MIMO) has started or is being prepared in order to cope with rapidly increasing capacity and speed demands Huge global initiatives have been started to pave the way to 5G 5G will enable a smart connected world (devices, cars, machines, sensors, ) 5G is a paradigm change towards highly flexible network system concepts and architectures Please visit:

38 CONTACT WE SHAPE THE FUTURE Telekom Innovation Laboratories 38