OIE STANDARDS ON BRUCELLOSIS
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1 OIE STANDARDS ON BRUCELLOSIS FAO Sub-regional meeting on Brucellosis November 2014 (Skopje) Dr Stanislav RALCHEV OIE Sub-Regional Representation in Brussels 1 World Organisation for Animal Health An intergovernmental organisation preceding the United Nations Creation of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) to prevent the spread of animal diseases throughout the world Creation of the United Nations 2010 World Organisation for Animal Health the improvement of animal health, veterinary public health and animal welfare world-wide 2 1
2 180 Member Countries in Regional (RR) and Sub-Regional (SRR) Representations Under the direct authority of the Director General Collaborate closely with Regional Commissions Gaborone 4 2
3 The mandate of the OIE has evolved Improvement of animal health and welfare worldwide" Transparency of the world animal disease situation (including zoonoses) Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information (animal disease prevention and control methods) Sanitary safety of international trade of animals and animal products (under the mandate given by the WTO) Improve Veterinary Public Health and consolidate the role of animals worldwide Promote solidarity among Member Countries, in particular between the richest and poorest 5 Standard setting organisations The three sisters Food safety CODEX Animal health and zoonosis OIE Plant health IPPC Codex = Codex Alimentarius Commission(FAO/OMS) OIE = World Organisation for Animal Health IPPC = International Plant Protection Convention (FAO) 6 6 3
4 OIE International Standards Standard setting procedure Transparent Democratic Science based Rapid & flexible Member participation Well-established International collaboration 7 OIE International Standards Terrestrial Code: include the standards for disease control, recognising, obtaining and maintaining disease freedom and safe trade Terrestrial Manual: provide internationally agreed diagnostic laboratory methods and requirements for the production and control of vaccines and other biological products 8 4
5 OIE Code Chapters relevant to Brucellosis Chapter 1.1. Notification of diseases Chapter 1.4. Animal health surveillance Chapter 1.6. Procedures for self declaration and for official recognition by the OIE Chapter 2.1. Import risk analysis Section 3. Quality of Veterinary Services Chapter 7.6. Killing of animals for disease control purposes Chapter 8.4. Infection with Brucella Chapter Ovine epidimytis 9 OIE Code procedures relevant to Brucellosis Brucellosis is an OIE listed disease Member Countries may wish to make a self declaration as to the freedom of a country, zone or compartment from an OIE listed disease. The OIE does not grant official recognition for Brucellosis. 10 5
6 Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis Adopted in May 2014 General Principle: gradually convert the diseasespecific chapters into pathogen-specific chapters Previous Chapters on Brucellosis (excluding B. ovis) are being combined in one single multispecies Chapter Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella Article on general provisions: revision of the list of epidemiologically significant animal species. Animals means domestic and captive wild animal populations of the following categories: o bovids; o sheep; o pigs; o camelids; o cervids; o European hare; The following defines infection with Brucella: o Brucella has been identified in a sample from animal; or o Positive results to a diagnostic test have been obtained, and there is an epidemiological link to case 12 6
7 Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella Recommendations to qualify a country, zone, herd or flock free from infection with Brucella (10 articles which differs by animal species) Self declaration Bovines: - Country or zone free without and with vaccination - Herd free without and with vaccination Sheep and goats: - Country or zone free without and with vaccination - Flock free without and with vaccination Camelids: - Country or zone free without vaccination (no vaccine available) - Herd free without vaccination Cervids: - Country or zone free without vaccination (no vaccine available) - Herd free without vaccination Pigs: - Herd free without vaccination 13 Requirements for freedom of country or zone Notification to the OIE Regular testing of all herds or flocks Early detection (i.e. abortion material regularly sent to labs for investigation of suspicion) No cases in the last 3 years Without vaccination: no vaccination or introduction of vaccinated animals in the last 3 years (none at all for free pig herds); With vaccination: vaccinated animals have a permanent mark 14 7
8 Requirements for freedom of herd or flock Notification to the OIE No animals with clinical signs (i.e. abortion material regularly sent to labs with negative results) No cases detected last 12 months (no evidence of infection or measures have been implemented to prevent any transmission from other herd or flock) Two tests with negative results on all sexual mature animals in the herd or flock (3 months after slaughter and 6-12 months after the first test) Without vaccination: no vaccination or introduction of vaccinated animals in the last 3 years (none at all for free pig herds); With vaccination: vaccinated animals have a permanent mark 15 Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella Recommendation for importation of live animals for breading or rearing for slaughter Recommendation for importation of semen embryos and oocytes fresh meat and meat products milk and milk products wool and hair 16 8
9 Chapter Ovine epididimitis B. ovis is considerd to be non-zoonotic! Sheep flock free from ovine epididimytis: Under official veterinary control; No clinical evidence during the past year; Permamnent identification of all sheep in the flock; Recommendations for importation of sheep for breeding or rearing (except castrated males) Recommendations for importation of semen of sheep 17 Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Chapter Bovine brucellosis (adopted in 2009) A. Introduction B. Diagnostic techniques (RBT and Buffered plate agglutination test, CFT, ELISA or fluorescence polarization assay) for screening herds and animals. No single test is appropriate in each situation. C. Vaccines and diagnostic biologicals B. abortus S19 remains reference vaccine; RB 51 vaccine official vaccine Chapter Caprine and ovine brucellosis (adopted in 2009) Same paragraphs Diagnostic techniques (buffered Brucella antigen tests (BBAT) and CFT are recommended for screening. Serum agglutination is not considered reliable for small ruminants. Indirect ELISA and fluorescence polarization assay are also appropriate for screening. Vaccines Rev. 1 remains reference vaccine 18 9
10 Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Chapter Ovine epididymitis (B. ovis) same paragraphs Chapter Porcine brucellosis: same paragraphs 19 WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM WAHIS Early warning system Monitoring system 20 10
11 WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM (WAHIS) 21 Disease distribution map of Brucella melitensis in Europe (second semester of 2013) 22 11
12 OIE PVS Pathway More than 117 missions conducted "Treatment" Capacity Building, Specific Activities, Projects and Programmes Veterinary legislation Diagnostic" PVS Evaluation Pronostic" PVS GAP Analysis including Veterinary Services Strategic Priorities The OIE collaborates with governments, donors and other stakeholders Public / Private Partnerships Veterinary Education Laboratories PVS Pathway Follow-up Missions Country name : PVS PVS Gap Albania yes no Armenia yes yes Azerbaijan yes yes Bosnia and Herzegovina yes pending Georgia yes no FYROM no no Tajikistan yes yes 23 OIE Reference Laboratories in Europe on Brucellosis Dr Judith Stack Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency New Haw, Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB Weybridge UNITED KINGDOM Tel: Fax: judy.stack@ahvla.gsi.gov.uk Dr Bruno Garin-Bastuji Agence Nationale de Sécurité de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du Travail (Anses) Laboratoire de Santé animale Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle Maisons-Alfort Cedex FRANCE Tel: +33 (0) Fax: +33 (0) bruno.garin-bastuji@anses.fr Dr Heinrich Neubauer Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals (BFAV) Friedrich-Loeffer Institute Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses Naumburger Str. 96a Jena GERMANY Tel: Fax: heinrich.neubauer@fli.bund.de Dr Massimo Scacchia Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale' CESME National Centre for Exotic Diseases Via Campo Boario Teramo ITALY Tel: Fax: m.scacchia@izs.it Dr Menachem Banai Kimron Veterinary Institute Department of Bacteriology P.O. Box 12 Beit Dagan ISRAEL Tel: Fax: menachemba@moag.gov.il (for abortus and melitensis) 24 12
13 OIE Laboratory Twinning Brucellosis completed projects : Italy with Eritrea UK with Turkey France with Thailand Brucellosis: underway projects: Germany with United Arab Emirates UK with Sudan UK with Afghanistan Italy with Zimbabwe Italy - USA with Kazakhstan 25 Joint initiative of OIE and FAO (2004) GF-TADs for Europe (2005) ( Regional Steering Committee Secretariat (OIE SRR Brussels) Action Plan for Brucellosis one the 7 priority diseases (2012) Labelling current Sub-regional meeting as GF-TADs activity (proposal) 26 13
14 Action Plan (Brucellosis) Expected results - Reduced risk for humans - Sustainable brucellosis control programmes - Enhanced national capacity for effective surveillance and control of - Brucellosis control activities are coordinated and harmonised at regional level - Brucellosis prevalence at an acceptable low level Eligible activities - Surveys to determine the prevalence of brucellosis - Assistance to the national veterinary authorities - Collaboration and public awareness for brucellosis. - Regional coordination and harmonisation of brucellosis control and surveillance activities Indicators - Number of countries with a proper understanding of the disease situation - Number of countries adopting a national strategic plans - Number of regional meetings for coordination of brucellosis control and surveillance - Number of countries affected with brucellosis in animals in Europe - Number of brucellosis cases in humans in Europe - Number of countries with sustainable (long-term) brucellosis vaccination program 27 Thank you for your attention! 28 14
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