ARDS Berlin Definition Is more usefully?
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1 ARDS Berlin Definition Is more usefully? Dr. Andrei Schwartz, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of the Health Science,Soroka Medical Center,Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care,Beer Sheba, Israel
2 In 1994 Board consensus was achieved with publication of the American European consensus conference(aecc)
3 AECC DEFINITION Timing Oxygenation Xr PWP ALI Acute onset PAO2/FIO2 Bilat infilt <18mm <300 ARDS Acute onset PAO2/FIO2 Bilat infilt <18mm <200
4 Criticism of AECC definition Chest Rx Inter observer reliability is only moderate even when applied by experts Rubenfeld 1999, Meade 2000.
5 Criticism of AECC definition Hypoxia Pao2 /Fio2 ratio is not constant across a range of Fio2 and may vary in response to ventilator setting, particulary PEEP. Gowda 1997,Ferguson 2004, Villar 1994, Villar 2002
6 Criticism of AECC definition Wedge pressure Patients with ARDS may have an elevated PAWP,often because of transmitted airway pressure and/or vigorous fluid resuscitation. Ferguson 2002, ARDS NET 2006
7 Criticism of AECC When AECC criteria are compared with DAD sensitivity is 84% specificity is 51% Esteban 2004,Ferguson 2005
8 Criticism of AECC Perception of ALI as not severe as ARDS ARDS is under recognized by clinicians as defined using AECC criteria. This appears to be particularly true for ALI Ferguson 2005, Kalhan 2006, Rubenfeld 2004
9 Methods ESICM convened an international panel of experts. The objectives were to update ARDS definition using a synthetic analysis of: -Current epidemiologic evidence -Physiological concepts -Results of clinical trials
10 ARDS Task Force members VM Ranieri, Gord D Rubenfeld, B Taylor Thomson,L Brochard, L Gatinioni, A Esteban, J L Vincent,A Rhodes, A Slutski.
11 Methods Variables that were included in the definition since were feasible Timing Hypoxemia Origin of edema Radiological abnormalities Additional physiological derangement
12 Reliability It essential for reaserchers to identify the same of the patients across studies and for clinicians to apply therapies to the patients that benefit the most with the least risks definitions must be reliable as measured by inter observer agreement
13 Validity Is commonly evaluated as sensitivity and specificity in reference to gold standard.
14 The conceptual model of ARDS ARDS is the type of acute lung injury associated with recognized risk factors characterized by inflammation leading to increased pulmonary vascular permeability and loss of aerated lung tissues. The hallmarks of clinical syndrome are hypoxemia and bilateral radiographic opacities on standard chest X-ray or CT scan. ARDS is associated with recognized risk factors characterized by inflammation. Physiological derangements includes: increased pulmonary venous admixture, increased physiological dead space, decreased pulmonary compliance Morphological hallmarks are: lung edema, inflammation,hyaline membrane and alveolar hemorrhage.
15 Common risk factors for ARDS Direct Pneumonia Aspiration of gastric contents Inhalational injury Near drowning
16 Common risk factors for Indirect ARDS * Non pulmonary sepsis * Major trauma * Multiple transfusions * Severe burns * Non cardiogenic shock * Drug overdose * Therapy directed at each underlying cause is high priority
17 The ARDS Definition Task Force :The Draft Berlin Definition,ESICM 24 th Annual Congress Berlin,October 2011 MILD MODERATE SEVERE TIMING: Acute onset within one week of a known clinical insult of new or worsening respiratory symptoms. HYPOXEMIA PAO2/FIO2 PAO2/FIO2 PAO2/FIO <100 PEEP>5 PEEP>5 PEEP>10 Respiratory failure not fully explained by Cardiac failure or fluid overload Rx Chest BILATERAL OPACITIES OPACITIES AT LEAST 3 QUAD
18 Increased intensity of intervention MILD MODERATE SEVERE PAO2/FO PEEP Low Moderate Higher PEEP Ventil. mode NIV Low tidal volume HFO ECCO2 R INO Neuro musc. Block Prone ECMO
19 JAMA.2012;307( 23 ): 5669 A draft definition proposed 3 mutually exclusive categories of ARDS based on degree of hypoxemia: mild (200 mm <HgPaO2/FIO2< 300 mmhg), moderate (100mmHg< PaO2/FIO2<200mmHg), severe (PaO2/FIO2<100mmHg) 4 ancillary variables for severe ARDS: radiographic severity, respiratory system compliance (40 ml/cm H2O), positive end expiratory pressure (>10 cm H2O), corrected expired volume per minute (10 L/min ).
20 JAMA.2012;307(23:5669) (1 ) The draft Berlin Definition was empirically evaluated using patient level meta-analysis of 4188 patients with ARDS from 4 multicenter clinical data sets and 269 patients with ARDS from 3 single-center data sets containing physiologic information.
21 JAMA, 2012 The 4 ancillary variables did not contribute to the predictive validity of severe ARDS for mortality and were removed from the definition
22 JAMA,2012 Table 1 ARDS Definitive New Definition
23 JAMA 2012
24 Conclusion Compared with the AECC definition, the final Berlin Definition had better predictive validity for mortality, with an area under the receiver operating curve of (95% CI, ) vs (95% CI, ;P < 001 ).
25
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