Survey of South Sudan Public Opinion April 24 to May 22, 2013

Transcription

1 Survey of South Sudan Public Opinion April 24 to May 22, 2013

2 Survey Methodology The International Republican Institute (IRI) undertook a public opinion poll in all 10 states of South Sudan. Training of the poll researchers was performed by Opinion Research Business (ORB), an international opinion research firm. Fieldwork management, analysis, supervision and execution were done by IRI under critical guidance of ORB. Data was collected via face-to-face interviews from April 24 May 22, The population studied was adults ages 18 and older. A representative random sample was designed based on the latest population estimates reported in the 2010 Statistical Yearbook for South Sudan. The survey employed probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling methodology. The population of South Sudan was stratified first at the region level and then by the state level. Within each state, IRI and ORB then selected counties. This was done by creating a multi-stage probability sample. Enumeration areas within each county were selected using PPS; households within each enumeration area were then identified using a random walk method, the days code and a skip pattern; respondents were randomly chosen within households using a Kish grid. Every other interview was conducted with a female to try to achieve 50 percent gender parity. The questionnaire was translated into Bari, Classical Arabic, Dinka, English, Juba Arabic and Nuer (portions of the questionnaire were orally translated into other languages by the interviewer). 2

3 Survey Methodology The margin of error is +/- 1.9 percent. The margin of error for subsets (i.e. age/education/tribes/ etc.) is significantly higher and should be treated as indicative only. This report contains South Sudan s data from IRI's September 2011 poll and IRI s Equatoria May/June 2012 poll to provide comparison. The margin of error for the September 2011 and May/June 2012 data is +/- 2.1 percent and +/- 2.5 percent, respectively, unless otherwise stated. The overall response rate (defined as the number of successful interviews divided by eligible houses visited) is 74 percent. To complete 2,533 interviews, 3,422 households were contacted. Due to rounding and multiple response questions, not all percentages add up to 100. Unless otherwise stated, all questions n=2,533. Because the survey met key demographic indicators (county/state) and quotas (gender), no weighting was necessary during data analysis. The poll was conducted with funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development. The Institute acknowledges the helpful support of the South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics and the Government of the Republic of South Sudan during the process of this survey. The Institute also acknowledges the contributions from the following individuals throughout this project: Alfred Lokuji, University of Juba; Augustino Ting, The Sudd Institute; Leben Nelson Moro, University of Juba; Merekaje Lorna, South Sudan Democratic Engagement Monitoring and Observation Project; Samson Wasara, University of Juba; Stephen Omiri, Eye Radio Media Group; and Zahra Said, South Sudan Network for Democracy and Elections. 3

4 Survey Methodology Region/State Sample Size Percent Margin of Error Equatoria % 3.5 Central Equatoria % 5.4 Eastern Equatoria % 5.9 Western Equatoria 175 7% 7.4 Upper Nile % 3.3 Jonglei % 4.9 Unity 176 7% 7.4 Upper Nile % 5.6 Bahr el Ghazal % 3.5 Lakes 224 9% 6.6 Northern Bahr el Ghazal 224 9% 6.6 Warrap % 5.6 Western Bahr el Ghazal 111 4% 9.3 TOTAL 2, % 1.9 4

5 General Environment 5

6 Do you feel that South Sudan is generally heading in the right direction or the wrong direction? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% National 42% 52% 56% 47% Sept 2011 May 2013 Right direction Wrong direction Region By region Year Right direction Wrong direction Equatoria May-13 44% 54% May-12 49% 50% Sept-11 54% 45% Change - Upper Nile May-13 34% 65% Sept-11 46% 52% Change -12% Bahr el Ghazal May-13 64% 35% Sept-11 73% 26% Change -9% 6

7 Why do you say that South Sudan is heading in the right direction? Open-ended, top 10 responses, n=1,201 6% 65% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% Independence / separation / freedom Education Management of the economy Infrastructure / roads Communications Crime and security Transportation Water supply Democracy / political rights Health 2% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 7

8 Why do you say that South Sudan is heading in the wrong direction? Open-ended, top 10 responses, n=1,310 14% 15% Crime and security Food shortage / famine 12% Poverty / destitution 9% Infrastructure / roads 6% Health 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 12% 14% 16% Unemployment Water supply Corruption Political instability / political divisions / ethnic tensions Management of the economy 8

9 Would you say your life today is better, worse or about the same as it was before Independence? 70% 70% National By region 60% 60% 12% Equatoria 60% 17% 5% 50% 50% 40% 40% 52% Bahr el Ghazal 15% 49% 22% 8% 52% 11% 0% 0% 12% 11% Upper Nile 46% 18% 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Much better Better Worse Much worse 9

10 What do you think is the most important problem facing this country? Open-ended, top 10 responses Crime and security 8% 11% Food shortage / famine 9% 11% Poverty / destitution 5% 8% Political instability / political divisions / ethnic tensions 5% 8% Infrastructure / roads Education 7% 6% 7% 8% First response Second response Health 6% 9% Corruption 5% 5% Water supply 5% 7% Unemployment 4% 3% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 12% 10

11 What do you think is the most important problem facing this country? Open-ended, top 10 responses, tracked from 2011 Crime and security 11% 11% Food shortage / famine 11% Poverty / destitution 2% 8% Political instability / political divisions / ethnic tensions 6% 7% Infrastructure / roads Education 7% 7% 6% 9% Sept 2011 May 2013 Health 6% 11% Corruption 4% 5% Water supply 5% 4% Unemployment 4% 5% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 12% 11

12 What do you think is the biggest issue or concern that most impacts your daily life or family? Open-Ended, top 10 responses Food shortage / famine Poverty / destitution Sickness / disease Unemployment Health Water supply Education Crime and security Farming / agriculture Wages / incomes / salaries 13% 11% 8% 7% 13% 7% 6% 7% 9% 6% 8% 6% 8% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 28% First response Second response 0% 5% 15% 25% 12

13 What do you think is the next biggest issue or concern that most impacts your daily life or family? Open-ended, top 10 responses, tracked from 2011 Food shortage / famine 19% 28% Poverty / destitution 7% 11% Sickness / disease 5% 7% Unemployment 7% Health Water supply 4% 7% 6% 11% Sept 2011 May 2013 Education 6% 9% Crime and security 5% 4% Farming / agriculture 3% 3% Wages / incomes / salaries 3% 4% 0% 5% 15% 25% 13

14 For each of the following issues, do you think the situation has gotten better, worse or stayed the same over the past year? Security (war, tribal conflict, etc.) 13% 36% 12% 18% Freedom of speech and expression 9% 33% 17% 16% 16% Much better Relations with Sudan (Khartoum) 3% 27% 19% 25% 15% Better Same Worse Delivery of basic services 3% 19% 21% 28% 28% Much worse Government corruption 1% 19% 29% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 14

15 Economy 15

16 Do you feel that the economy of South Sudan is generally heading in the right direction or the wrong direction? 80% National By region 70% 60% 76% Bahr el Ghazal 27% 70% 50% 40% Equatoria 21% 75% 21% Upper Nile 16% 82% 0% Right direction 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Wrong direction 16

17 Why do you say that the economy of South Sudan is heading in the right/wrong direction? Top nine responses Right direction (n=541) Infrastructure, Employment, 4% 4% Wrong direction (n=1,917) Unemployment, No development, 3% 4% Inflation, Security, 5% Development, 8% Stability, independence, peace, 29% Security, 6% Trade, availability of goods, 7% Oil shutdown, 6% Inflation, Infrastructure, Oil, Resource management Trade, availability of goods Resource management, 15% Poverty, 17

18 Thinking about your local market, do you think there will be six months from now? Thinking about your local market, do you think that goods will be six months from now? 70% 60% 50% 80% 70% 60% 40% 60% 50% 40% 71% 28% 21% 0% 7% Less goods More goods About the same 0% More expensive About the same price 5% Less expensive 18

19 Thinking about the amount of money your family spends per month, please tell me which of the following phrases best suites your household situation? Do you think your household will have more income, less income or about the same amount of income six months from now? 90% 80% 80% 70% 60% 50% 48% 40% 0% 13% 5% 1% 0.4% Unable to meet basic needs Able to meet basic needs Able to meet basic needs with some non-essential goods Able to purchase most non-essential goods Plenty of disposable money 29% 13% 0% 40% 50% 60% Less income About the same More income 19

20 Did you support the national government s decision to stop oil production in January 2012? Do you think the shutdown had a significant effect on your life? 82% 16% 53% 44% Yes No 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Yes No 60% By region Do you think your life will improve when oil production resumes? 50% 40% 54% 53% 51% 46% 42% 43% Yes No 90% 7% 0% Equatoria Bahr el Ghazal Upper Nile 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20

21 Service Delivery 21

22 Various development projects or programs are being implemented in different areas of the country. In the past year, have you heard of any project or program in this location for the following? Education (school opening, teachers) 62% 37% Water for drinking (building boreholes) 61% 39% Disarmament 56% 42% Health services 53% 47% Building roads and bridges 46% 53% Agricultural services (provision of seeds, training) 36% 62% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Yes No 22

23 Who do you think was primarily responsible for providing that project? Local government, state government, national government, foreign organizations or somebody else? Local Gov t State Gov t Nat. Gov t Foreign Orgs Community Disarmament (n = 1,157) 4% 68% 4% <0% Education (school opening, teachers) (n = 1,536) Water for drinking (building boreholes) (n = 1,337) Agricultural services (provision of seeds, training) (n = 1,568) 6% 29% 32% 24% 3% 4% 17% 19% 52% 2% 3% 12% 19% 56% 2% Health services (n = 1,414) 3% 18% 24% 44% 1% Building roads and bridges (n = 920) 6% 23% 38% 21% 2% 23

24 For projects or programs that are being implemented by other countries, which country do you think has provided the most assistance towards those projects or programs in this location? Top eight responses 9% 31% 36% Don t Know United States No Response 7% Uganda 4% 3% 2% 2% Kenya Norway South Sudan United Kingdom 0% 5% 15% 25% 35% 40% 24

25 How satisfied are you with the performance of the national government in the following areas? Reducing conflict and insecurity 13% 28% 26% 31% Providing education 6% 26% 42% 26% Building roads and bridges 7% 17% 41% 34% Improving the healthcare system 4% 17% 39% 39% Reducing hunger 4% 12% 32% 50% Fighting corruption 4% 31% 44% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very satisfied Satisfied Not satisfied Not at all satisfied 25

26 Have you ever heard about the Constituency Development Fund (CDF)?* National By region 80% 70% 68% Bahr el Ghazal 22% 72% 60% 50% 40% Upper Nile 26% 68% 26% Equatoria 32% 66% 0% Yes No 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% *The CDF is a government program signed into law in 2007 that designates three percent of government revenue to be shared equally between all constituencies each year. 26

27 Are you aware of any CDF projects in your area? National n=669 By region Bahr el Ghazal 58% 38% 50% 45% Upper Nile 44% 48% Equatoria 36% 60% Yes No 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% 27

28 28 Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements. 60% The CDF in my constituency is managed in a transparent and open way. n=669 The CDF has had a large impact on my constituency. n=669 50% 50% 40% 24% 40% 18% 19% 19% 17% 27% 28% 26% 0% Agree Disagree 0% Agree Disagree Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

29 Attitudes Towards Government 29

30 Now, I m going to read you a list of institutions and individuals. For each one, please tell me whether you think very favorably, favorably, unfavorably or very unfavorably about them. Your chief / tribal leader South Sudan Armed Forces (SPLA) The police County commissioners President (Salva Kiir) Judges and the courts Speaker of National Legislative Assembly (Wani Igga) Vice President (Riek Machar) Women politicians Your state s governor Your member of parliament Your state s assembly The National Legislature Opposition political parties 50% 32% 32% 42% 22% 19% 27% 24% 24% 17% 14% 15% 13% 24% 59% 28% 7% 32% 9% 5% 45% 14% 6% 40% 14% 8% 29% 13% 13% 41% 18% 8% 41% 13% 7% 33% 11% 34% 18% 7% 34% 16% 36% 11% 38% 23% 36% 9% 21% 16% 3% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very favorably Favorably Unfavorably Very unfavorably 30

31 Now, I m going to read you a list of institutions and individuals. For each one, please tell me whether you think very favorably, favorably, unfavorably or very unfavorably about them. The President (Salva Kiir), tracked from % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% National 4% 13% 13% 32% 29% 50% 42% May 2013 Sept 2011 Very favorably Favorably Unfavorably Very unfavorably Region By region Year Favorably and very favorably Equatoria May % Sept % Bahr el Ghazal May % Sept % Upper Nile May % Sept % 31

32 Now I am going to read you two statements. Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with each of them. I don t think the government cares much about what people like me think. 80% 70% It is generally not acceptable to talk negatively about the government in public. 70% 60% 60% 50% 29% 50% 40% 28% 40% 22% 0% 42% Agree 17% 8% Disagree 0% Agree 15% Disagree Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree 32

33 How safe do you feel to speak openly about your ideas in public? 60% National By region 50% Equatoria 13% 39% 35% 11% 40% 31% Bahr el Ghazal 15% 34% 31% 11% 16% 18% Upper Nile 19% 18% 27% 0% Safe Not safe 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very safe Safe Not safe Not at all safe 33

34 How familiar are you with the idea of democracy? In your opinion, how much of a democracy is South Sudan today? n=1,503 Don t know, 11% Very familiar, 26% 19% 21% 44% Not at all familiar, 29% 7% Not really familiar, 11% Partly familiar, 22% 0% 40% 50% A democracy, with major problems A democracy, but with minor problems Not a democracy A full democracy No response / don't know 34

35 Country Perceptions 35

36 Now, I m going to read you a list of countries. For each one, please tell me whether you think very favorably, favorably, unfavorably or very unfavorably about them. United States 59% 23% 4% 4% Kenya 33% 45% 6% 4% Uganda 34% 43% 6% 6% Ethiopia 26% 37% 11% 7% United Kingdom 28% 34% 6% 3% South Africa 19% 36% 7% 5% Norway 24% 29% 5% 2% China 13% 33% 11% 11% Egypt 6% 29% 19% 18% Sudan (Khartoum) 8% 22% 21% 40% Eritrea 6% 24% 17% 17% Somalia 3% 12% 15% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very favorably Favorably Unfavorably Very unfavorably 36

37 Peace and Security 37

38 In some areas of South Sudan, violence is a major concern for people. What type of violence concerns you the most in your daily life? National, tracked from 2011 Cattle raiding Conflict between two parties or ethnic groups Local crime Domestic crime Armed militias or terrorists I am not affected by any kind of violence Gender violence Invasion from foreign armies 7% 12% 7% 5% 5% 5% 4% 2% 4% 25% 34% 19% 18% 23% 16% 0% 40% Sept 2011 May 2013 Equatoria Upper Nile Bahr el Ghazal Cattle raiding 23% 48% 29% Local crime 23% 12% 14% Domestic crime 13% 8% 9% Conflict between two parties or ethnic groups I am not affected by any kind of violence 12% 18% 22% 8% 1% 6% Gender violence 5% 3% 5% Invasion from foreign armies Armed militias or terrorists By region 5% 2% 6% 5% 8% 8% Land grabbing 1% 0% 0% 38

39 Do you think South Sudan should improve relations with Sudan (Khartoum)? How satisfied are you with the government s efforts to 60% 50% 50% Improve relations with Sudan? (Filtered, n=1,072) 24% 46% 18% 1% 6% 40% 42% Resolve local conflicts in different areas of the country 13% 33% 24% 16% 11% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 0% No Yes Very satisfied Satisfied Not satisfied Not at all satisfied 39

40 How much trust do you have in the following security forces? SPLA 66% 19% 9% 5% South Sudan Police Service 47% 31% 15% 6% 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% A lot of trust Some trust Little trust No trust at all 40

41 Attitudes Towards Women 41

42 Compared to men, do you think women living in your country have more, less or equal rights? National By gender 70% 100% 60% 64% 90% 80% 17% 50% 70% 40% 60% 50% 40% 66% 62% 18% 16% 15% 17% 0% 0% Female Male More rights Less rights Equal rights 42

43 Do you think that political leadership positions should be mostly filled by men, mostly by women or split between men and women? Split between men and women 67% Mostly filled by men 27% Mostly filled by women 5% 0% 40% 60% 80% 43

44 How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is a problem when a woman is married without her consent. 55% 12% 12% A widow should have the right of inheritance without being disturbed by her brothers-in-law. 57% 21% 13% 8% All women should be given equal access to own land like men. 53% 21% 14% 12% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree 44

45 At what age should it be acceptable to get married? Top nine responses 35% 31% 25% 23% 15% 5% 8% 7% 6% 6% 4% 3% 2% 0%

46 Constitutional Development 46

47 Have you ever read, seen or heard about the Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan? National By region 70% 60% 59% Bahr el Ghazal 56% 25% 3% 2% 50% 40% Upper Nile 59% 27% 5% 3% 27% Equatoria 61% 29% 3% 2% 4% 3% 0% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% None of these Heard Read Seen 47

48 Thinking about current political developments in Juba, how much have you heard about National By region 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 8% 9% 9% 11% 12% 14% 59% 56% A lot Some A little Nothing Region Equatoria Upper Nile Political development Constitutional process A lot Some A little Nothing 8% 12% 14% 59% NCRC 8% 9% 12% 64% Constitutional process 11% 16% 53% NCRC 15% 54% 0% The National Constitutional Review Commission (NCRC)? The national constitutional process to draft a permanent constitution for South Sudan? Bahr el Ghazal Constitutional process 8% 11% 56% NCRC 7% 7% 9% 60% 48

49 Our country will spend the next two years drafting a permanent constitution, a document that establishes the rules and regulations that will govern the nation. Who do you think is the most important body to consult for the development of our constitution? Citizens Government officials Traditional leaders 15% 27% 13% 14% 49% Church leaders Elders Civil society Academics 4% 11% 3% 2% 9% 2% 9% 0% 40% 50% 60% Most important Second most important 49

50 Do you think our constitution should be adopted through a National By region Neither of the above, 2% Vote by the National Legislature and signature by president, 21% Bahr el Ghazal Upper Nile 68% 64% 17% 1% 28% 3% Vote by citizens, 70% Equatoria 77% 18% 2% Vote by citizens 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Vote by the National Legislature and signature by president Neither of the above 50

51 Constitutional Issues 51

52 What do you think should be the official language or languages of South Sudan? 60% 53% 50% 40% 11% 0% 2% 1% 1% English only English and Arabic Local language English and local laguage Arabic only Others 52

53 How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Opposition political parties should be allowed to speak out to citizens in public. People of all religions should be treated equally. Strongly disagree, 12% Disagree, 11% Strongly agree, 33% Disagree, Strongly 8% disagree, 7% Agree, 29% Strongly agree, 56% Agree, 34% 53

54 In your opinion, should the President of South Sudan have the power to remove from office.in the event of crisis? Your state governor Your state assembly 70% 60% 60% 50% 65% 50% 40% 49% 43% 40% 29% 0% 0% Yes No 54

55 In your opinion. Should the National Legislature have the power to remove from office the president in the event of a crisis? Should your state legislature have the power to remove from office your governor in the event of a crisis? No, 36% Yes, 55% No, 35% Yes, 56% Should a current member of parliament have the right to hold another government position at the same time? No, 68% Yes, 25% 55

56 Do you support or oppose the death penalty for murder? 70% National By region 60% Bahr el Ghazal 49% 24% 16% 9% 50% 19% 40% 16% Equatoria 36% 31% 12% 40% 24% Upper Nile 34% 17% 13% 34% 0% 0% 50% 100% Strongly support Support Oppose Strongly oppose 56

57 Would you prefer the following to be handled in the traditional courts, the government courts, neither or both? Traditional courts Government courts Neither Both Rape 29% 57% 2% 12% Defilement 21% 68% 2% 9% Tribal conflict 23% 62% 2% 13% Murder 12% 77% 1% 9% Marriage / divorce 63% 2% 14% Small theft 62% 26% 4% 8% Large theft 13% 74% 2% 11% Land dispute 26% 53% 2% 17% 57

58 Political Parties 58

59 100% How satisfied are you with Sudan People s Liberation Movement s (SPLM) performance as the ruling party? National By region 90% 80% 70% 7% 11% 18% Region Year Satisfied Not Satisfied Equatoria May-13 77% 22% May-12 73% 25% 60% Sept-11 75% 50% 40% 37% 33% Change 1% Upper Nile May-13 49% 47% Sept-11 51% 42% Change -2% 35% Bahr el Ghazal May-13 80% 16% Sept-11 80% 16% 0% Sept 2011 May 2013 Change 0% Very satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied Not at all satisfied 59

60 Why do you say that (you are satisfied/not satisfied) with the SPLM s performance? Satisfied, top four responses (n=1,724) Not satisfied, top five responses (n=720) Governance 8% Governance 7% Economy 6% Security Development 14% Development Peace / independence 70% Security 29% Corruption 48% 60

61 How favorable are you towards the following political parties? For each one, please tell me whether you think very favorably, favorably, unfavorably or very unfavorably about them. SPLM 45% 34% 9% 7% 3% United Democratic Front (UDF) 4% 11% 16% 13% 54% Sudan People's Liberation Movement-Democratic Change (SPLM-DC) 4% 9% 13% 50% Sudan African National Union (SANU) 3% 8% 13% 14% 59% African National Congress (ANC) 3% 8% 12% 14% 58% South Sudan Democratic Forum (SSDF) 4% 7% 12% 14% 59% United Sudan African Party (USAP) 3% 8% 11% 14% 61% United Democratic Salvation Front 3% 7% 15% 13% 57% United South Sudan Party 4% 6% 11% 14% 61% United Democratic Salvation Front-Mainstream 3% 5% 13% 14% 60% National Congress Party 3% 6% 13% 31% 45% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very favorably Favorably Unfavorably Very unfavorably Don t Know 61

62 80% If a presidential election were held today, would you most likely vote for a candidate from the SPLM or another political party? National By region 70% 60% 67% Bahr el Ghazal 79% 9% 8% 2% 50% 40% Equatoria 72% 6% 17% 4% 19% 7% 4% Upper Nile 51% 8% 7% 0% 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% SPLM Another political party I will not vote Don t know 62

63 Do you think political parties in South Sudan represent the needs of. Regional / state interests, 6% In your opinion, how often do political parties represent the views of citizens? Some of the time 33% Interest of elites / leaders, 16% Corporate interests, 11% The needs of the country as a whole, 33% Never All the time 16% 23% Tribal interests, 21% Most of the time 14% 0% 40% 63

64 Are you a member of a political party? National If you are a member of a political party, which party? Open-ended, top six responses (n=961) No, 61% Yes, 38% SPLM SPLM-DC 2% 93% No response 1% By region Bahr el Ghazal 44% 55% USAP 1% Upper Nile 38% 58% SSDF 1% Equatoria 32% 66% ANC 1% 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% 64

65 Do you feel there is at least one political party that represents your views? (n=1,506) If you feel there is at least one political party that represents your views, which party is it? Open-ended, top six responses (n=621) No response, 8% Don't know, Yes, 41% SPLM ANC SPLM-DC 4% 73% SANU 2% No, 41% DUP 2% UDF 1% 0% 40% 60% 80% 65

66 Demographics 66

67 Gender Gender, Age, Education and Religion 50% Age 40% 44% 60% 50% 40% 0% 49% 49% 28% 51% Education 16% 2% 1% Male Female No schooling Only primary school Only secondary school University school Still in university 0% 31% 17% 7% and older Religion Percentage Christian (Unspecified) 38% Catholic 27% Protestant 13% Episcopalian Church of Sudan 9% Traditional 7% Muslim 2% Non-religious 1% Seventh Day Adventist 1% Jehovah Witness 1% African Inland Church 1% Evangelist <1% Baptist <1% 67

68 Which of the following statements most applies to you? Tracked from 2011 I consider myself only as South Sudanese. 42% 49% I feel more South Sudanese than (TRIBE). 23% 24% I feel as much South Sudanese as (TRIBE). 18% 22% Sept 2011 May 2013 I feel more (TRIBE) than South Sudanese. 6% 7% I consider myself only as (TRIBE). 3% 3% 0% 40% 50% 60% 68

69 What is your present occupation? Top 10 responses Farmer Housewife / homemaker 18% Self-employed (small business) Unemployed Student Herder Civil servant / government 5% 5% SPLA / military / police/ security Community leader Nongovernmental organization worker Academic / teachers 2% 2% 2% 2% 0% 5% 15% 25% 35% 69

70 What is your primary source of news and information? National, tracked from 2011 By region Radio Word of mouth Community meetings (village / tribal chief) Church / mosque Television SMS / cell phone Internet Newspapers 61% 51% 16% 29% 7% 9% 3% 4% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 40% 60% 80% Upper Nile Bahr el Ghazal Equatoria Radio 43% 48% 63% Word of mouth 39% 34% 13% Community meetings (village / tribal chief) 5% 7% 15% Television 3% 1% 1% SMS / cell phone 2% 1% 1% Church / mosque 2% 2% 5% Internet 2% 0% 0% Newspapers 1% 1% 1% Sept 2011 May

71 Which radio station do you listen to most often for news and information? Open Ended, top 11 responses National Equatoria Upper Nile Bahr el Ghazal Miraya FM 47% Miraya FM 42% Miraya FM 62% Miraya FM 38% BBC 6% Voice of Kajo Keji 12% BBC Rumbek FM 17% Rumbek FM 5% Radio Juba Radio Jonglei 7% Kwajok FM Voice of Kajo Keji 4% Yambio FM 7% Bentiu FM 4% Nyomlau FM 8% Radio Juba 4% BBC 5% Radio Malakal 3% Mayardit FM 7% Kwajok FM 3% Voice of Freedom 4% Naath FM 3% Weerbei FM 7% Nyomlau FM 3% Emmanuel FM 3% Eye Radio 3% Good News FM 5% Yambio FM 2% Yei Spirit FM 3% SS TV 3% BBC 4% Mayardit FM 2% Grace FM 2% Nasir FM 2% Voice of Hope 1% Radio Jonglei 2% Anisa FM 2% Sout al Mahabba 1% Wanjok FM 1% Weerbei FM 2% Eye Radio 2% Radio Juba <1% Wau FM <1% 71

72 How often do you get your news and information from the following sources? Tracked from 2011 Year Never Less than once a month A few times a week Every day Radio May % 4% 19% 33% Sept % 4% 16% 48% Television May % 4% 5% 3% Sept % 5% 12% 8% Newspapers May % 4% 5% 1% Sept % 7% 8% 4% SMS / cell phone May % 3% 7% 6% Sept % 5% 9% 17% Internet May % 2% 3% 2% Sept % 4% 4% 3% 72

73 Do you own a mobile phone? National By region 80% 70% Bahr el Ghazal 27% 73% 60% 50% 40% Upper Nile 33% 67% 67% 32% Equatoria 38% 62% 0% Yes No 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% 73