Linux Package Management. by Kevin Fowler

Transcription

1 Linux Package Management (the way) by Kevin Fowler

2 Summary Definitions of RPM and YUM Distros RPM Options Common RPM Examples YUM Options Common YUM Examples YUM Repositories Building an RPM Graphical Tools Other Distro Package Management Bottom Line

3 Definitions RPM - RPM Package Manager is a package management system. The name RPM refers to two things: software packaged in the.rpm file format, and the package manager itself. YUM - The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) is an open-source command-line packagemanagement utility for RPM-compatible Linux operating systems and has been released under the GNU General Public License.

4 Distros Below are some RPM-based distros: CentOS Fedora Mandriva Red Had Enterprise Linux Scientific Linux SUSE Linux SUSE Linux Enterprise

5 RPM Options - Actions The following are the most commonly used RPM actions that can be combined with other options. rpm -q Query a package. rpm -i Install a package. Use YUM instead. rpm -U Upgrade a package. Use YUM instead. rpm -V Verify a package. rpm -e Erase or uninstall a package. Use YUM instead.

6 Options to Action Select Options -a All packages. -p Specifies an RPM file name will be used. (ie. skype fedora.i586.rpm) -f Specifies an installed file will be used. (ie. /etc/passwd) Query Options -i Displays information. -l Lists the contents of the package.

7 Common RPM Examples rpm -qa Lists all installed packages

8 Common RPM Examples rpm -qi <package name> List information on the specified package.

9 Common RPM Examples rpm -qf /etc/passwd Lists the pacakge name the specified file belongs to.

10 Common RPM Examples rpm -ql <package name> Lists the contents of the specified package.

11 Common RPM Examples rpm -V <package name> If any files have changed or are missing from that package, it will list them. S file Size differs M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) 5 MD5 sum differs D Device major/minor number mismatch L readlink(2) path mismatch U User ownership differs G Group ownership differs T mtime differs c appears if it's a config file.

12 Common RPM Examples rpm -ivh <file name> This will install a package from an RPM file in the current directory. The -i option says to install. The -v is for verbose. The -h turns on hash marks. If you install any packages this way YUM will complain that you have modified the RPM database outside of YUM.

13 YUM Options yum update Downloads and updates every currently installed package and meets dependencies needed. yum update <package name> Downloads and updates just the specified package and meets dependencies needed for it to update. yum install <package name> Downloads and installs the specified package along with all dependencies it needs. yum remove <package name> This will remove a package along with all the other packages that might depend on it. Use this to remove packages instead of RPM. yum clean <headers packages cache metadata all> Used to fix corrupt YUM files. The all is the most commonly used. yum search <search criteria> Search for a package through your list of YUM repositories. yum list <package name> List every available package from the installed repositories. Give the name, version, and distro the pacakage is in.

14 YUM Options - Groups yum group list Lists all available groups to install. yum groupinstall <group name> Installs all packages in a given group. yum groupremove <group name> Removes all packages in a given group.

15 YUM Examples The yum install httpd would also look similar to this if the httpd package was not installed

16 YUM Examples

17 YUM Examples yum install./somefile.rpm --nogpgcheck This will install a local RPM file that is in the current directory. Unless you have additionally download and installed a GPG key with the file you will need to disable the check. Once advantage to installing RPMs this way instead of with RPM is that YUM will try to download any dependencies that RPM might need from your installed repositories.

18 YUM Repositories Built-in Base This is the built-in base repository of CentOS. Updates This is the built-in update repository of CentOS. It contains all updates to the base packages. Extras, centosplus, contrib These are extra built-in repositories that are off by default but can be turned on to install additional packages contributed to CentOS. 3 rd Party RPMFusion Merge of Dibble, FreshRPMs, and Livna repositories. Broken down in Free and Non-Free repos. EPEL Made by the Fedora project for enterprise linux. Stands for Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux.

19 Installing a YUM Repo Some Repos like RPMFusion have RPMs you can download to install the repo. You can also create one yourself. To setup a Repository you create a file that ends in.repo and put it in /etc/yum.repos.d/ Below is a portion of the EPEL repo file: [epel] name=extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch #baseurl= mirrorlist= 5&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-epel

20 Building an RPM Building from a source RPM (SRPM) rpm -i somepack src.rpm cd /usr/src/redhat/specs/ rpmbuild -bb somepackage.spec Building from a source archive rpmbuild -tb somepackage-1.0.tar.gz

21 Graphical Tools (pirut)

22 Other Distro Package Management Ubuntu Desktop/Server and Debian dpkg : similar to RPM but used to install.deb files. apt-get : similar concept as YUM. apt-get install <package name> apt-get remove <package name> apt-get update Aptitude : Graphical front end OpenSUSE YaST : Yet Another Setup Tool.

23 Bottom Line Use RPM to: Query information about a package. Determine what package a file is from. Determine if a package is installed or not. Determine version of an installed package. Verify changes in files of a Package. Use YUM to: Install new packages. Update current packages. Remove packages.

24 Demo/Questions?