Cisco Telepresence Fundamentals

Transcription

1 Cisco Telepresence Fundamentals Tim Szigeti, CCIE No Kevin McMenamy Roland Saville Alan Glowacki Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240

2 x Cisco Telepresence Fundamentals Contents Introduction xix Part I: Introducing Cisco Telepresence 3 Chapter 1 What Is Telepresence? 5 Evolution of Video Communications 5 It's All About the Experience! 9 How Is TelePresence Different Than Video Conferencing? 11 Quality 12 Simplicity 13 Reliability 13 Bandwidth Requirements 14 Chapter 2 Cisco Telepresence Solution Overview 17 The Cisco TelePresence Solution 17 Cisco TelePresence Codec 18 Industry-Leading Audio and Video 20 Video Resolution and Compression Formats 21 Audio Resolution and Compression Formats 23 Collaboration Tools 24 Audio and Video Multiplexing 25 Cisco 7975 Series IP Phone 25 Cisco TelePresence System Three Native 1080p High-Definition Cameras 27 Three 65-Inch High-Definition Plasma Displays 27 Purpose-Built Meeting Table, Integrated Projector, and Lighting Shroud 28 Multichannel Wide-Band Audio 29 Cisco TelePresence System Extended Camera Focal View 30 Second Row Seating 30 Extension of Each Table Segment 31 Optional Displays for Shared Content 31 Cisco TelePresence System One Native 1080p High-Definition Camera 33 One 65-Inch High-Definition Plasma Display 33 Integrated Lighting Shroud 33 One Wide-band Microphone and Speaker 34

3 xi Cisco TelePresence System One Native 1080p High-Definition Camera 34 One 37-Inch High-Definition LCD Display 34 Integrated Lighting Shroud 36 Integrated Wideband Microphone and Speaker 36 Multiple Configuration Options 36 Cisco Unified Communications Manager 36 Cisco TelePresence Manager 38 Calendaring Integration and Management 38 One-Button-to-Push Meeting Access 38 Resource and Location Management for Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Switch 39 CTS System Management and Reporting 41 Concierge Services 41 Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Switch 42 Cisco TelePresence Inter-Company 43 Operation, Administration, and Monitoring 45 Related TelePresence Services 47 Cisco TelePresence Planning, Design, and Implementation 47 Cisco Telepresence Essential Operate Service 49 Cisco TelePresence Select Operate and TelePresence Remote Assistance Service 49 Part II: Telepresence Technologies 53 Chapter 3 TelePresence Audio and Video Technologies 55 Codec Design Requirements 55 Codec System Architecture 56 Codec Physical Design 56 Master and Slave Codec Architecture 56 Codec Operating System Software 59 Encoding and Packetization 61 Camera and Auxiliary Video Inputs 62 Video Encoding 63 Audio Encoding 68 Real-Time Transport Protocol 70 TelePresence Packet Rates 73 Depacketization and Decoding 77

4 xii Cisco Telepresence Fundamentals Managing Latency, Jitter, and Loss 77 Summary of Latency, Jitter, Loss Targets and Thresholds, and Actions 82 Demultiplexing and Decoding 83 Audio-Only Participants 87 Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency 89 RFC Key-Pad Markup Language 90 Other Protocols 90 How DTMF Tones Are Processed in Cisco TelePresence 91 Interoperability with Out-of-Band Collaboration Applications 92 Interoperability with Video Conferencing 92 Interoperability RTP Channels 93 Chapter 4 Connecting TelePresence Systems 99 Internal TelePresence System Connections 99 Connecting a CTS-500 System 99 Connecting a CTS-1000 System 100 Connecting a CTS-3000 System 101 Connecting a CTS-3200 System 104 TelePresence Network Interaction 106 TelePresence Network Deployment Models 111 Intracampus Deployment Model 112 Intra-Enterprise Deployment Model 112 Intercompany Deployment Model 114 TelePresence Phases of Deployment 116 Chapter 5 Network Availability Technologies 121 Network Availability 121 Device Availability Technologies 125 Stackwise/Stackwise Plus 126 Nonstop Forwarding with Stateful Switchover 128 Network Availability Protocols 132 L2 Network Availability Protocols 132 L3 Network Availability Protocols 147 Operational Availabilities Technologies 155 Generic Online Diagnostics 156

5 xiii Chapter 6 Network Quality of Service Technologies 161 Modular QoS Command-Line Interface 161 Classification Tools 162 Class Maps 162 Network Based Application Recognition 163 Marking Tools 165 Ethernet 802.1Q/p CoS 165 MPLS EXP 166 Differentiated Services Code Points 167 Policing Tools 172 Single-Rate Policers 173 Dual-Rate Policers 174 Shaping Tools 178 Queuing Tools 181 CBWFQ 181 LLQ 183 Hardware Queuing: lpxqyt 187 Dropping Tools 190 WRED 192 DSCP-Based WRED 193 Explicit Congestion Notification 194 HQoS 196 Chapter 7 TelePresence Control and Security Protocols 203 Network Control Protocols 203 IEEE 802.1p/Q: VLAN Tagging and CoS 203 IEEE 802.1p/Q Utilization Within Cisco TelePresence Networks 205 IEEE 802.3af: Power over Ethernet 205 Network Time Protocol (NTP) 206 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 207 Signaling Protocols 208 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 208 XML/SOAP 213 AXL/SOAP 216 JTAPI, TAPI, and CTIQBE 216 WebDAV 217 LDAP 217

6 xiv Cisco TelePresence Fundamentals Network Management Protocols 217 Cisco Discovery Protocol 218 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 222 Simple Network Management Protocol 223 TelePresence Security Protocols 226 Transport Layer Security (TLS) 226 Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (srtp) 228 Bandwidth Impact of Enabling TelePresence Encryption 232 Secure Shell (SSH) 232 Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) 233 Part III: Telepresence System Design 237 Chapter 8 TelePresence Room Design 239 Room Dimensions, Shape, and Orientation 239 Width Requirements 240 Depth Requirements 245 Height Requirements 249 Angles, Shape, and Orientation 253 Doors and Windows 258 Wall, Floor, and Ceiling Surfaces 259 Wall Surfaces 259 Flooring Surfaces 262 Ceiling Surfaces 263 Lighting and Illumination 265 Considering Light Angles and Direction 266 Considering Light Color Temperature 266 Measuring Light Intensity 269 Light Fixture and Bulb Considerations 271 Light Fixture Ballast Considerations 275 Acoustics 276 Measuring Ambient Noise 277 Measuring Reverberation 279 Targeted and Maximum Ambient Noise and Reverberation Levels 281 Controlling Ambient Noise and Reverberation Levels 281 Scenarios for Mitigating Ambient Noise and Reverberation 283 HVAC 283 HVAC Air Noise Diffusion Considerations 289

7 XV Power Requirements 290 Network Connectivity 294 Chapter 9 Telepresence Network Design Part 1: Availability Design 297 TelePresence Availability Considerations and Targets 297 Highly Available Campus Design for TelePresence 299 Redundancy 300 Hierarchy 301 Modularity 303 Multitier Campus Distribution Block Design 304 Virtual Switch Campus Distribution Block Design 307 Routed Access Campus Distribution Block Design 311 Highly Available Branch Designs for TelePresence 330 Dual-Tier Branch Profiles 331 Multitier Branch Profiles 333 Chapter 10 TelePresence Network Design Part 2: Quality of Service Design 339 TelePresence QoS Considerations 339 TelePresence Service Level Requirements 339 TelePresence DiffServ Strategy 349 Campus QoS Design for TelePresence 356 Catalyst 3560/3750 QoS Design for TelePresence 359 Catalyst 4500/4900 QoS Design for TelePresence 366 Catalyst 6500 QoS Design for TelePresence 374 Branch QoS Designs for TelePresence 381 LLQ Versus CBWFQ over the WAN/VPN? 383 Branch MPLS VPN QoS Considerations and Design 392 Chapter 11 TelePresence Firewall Design 407 Cisco Firewall Platforms 407 Firewall Deployment Options 409 Transparent Versus Routed Mode 409 Equal Versus Unequal Interface Security Levels 410 Network Address Translation 411 Application Layer Protocol Inspection 413 TLS Proxy Functionality 413 TelePresence Protocol Requirements 413 Device Provisioning Flows 414 Configuration Download and Device Registration Protocols 416

8 XVI Cisco TelePresence Fundamentals Call Scheduling and Services Flows 419 Call Signaling Flows 421 Media Flows 421 Management Flows 424 Example Firewall Configuration 428 Chapter 12 TelePresence Call-Signaling Design 435 Overview of TelePresence Call-Signaling Components 435 CUCM: SIP Registrar and Back-to-Back User Agent 435 CTS Endpoints: SIP User Agents 437 CTMS: SIP Trunk 437 Cisco TelePresence SBC and CUBE: B2BUA and Media Proxy 437 Session Description Protocol 438 Bandwidth Negotiation 440 Media Negotiation 440 Other Negotiated Parameters 441 CTS Boot Process 441 Single-Cluster Call Signaling Examples 443 CTS Endpoint Registration 443 Call Setup 445 Call Termination 448 Call Hold 449 Intercluster Call Signaling 450 Single Enterprise Signaling 450 Business-to-Business Signaling 450 Chapter 13 Multipoint TelePresence Design 455 CTMS Overview 455 CTMS Meeting Types 45 7 CTMS Meeting Features 459 Multipoint Resources 462 Geographical Resource Management 463 Quality of Service 463 Meeting Security 464 Meeting Management 465 Audio and Video Flows in a Multipoint TelePresence Design 466 Audio in a Multipoint TelePresence Meeting 466 Video in a Multipoint TelePresence Meeting 467

9 xvii TelePresence Interoperability 469 Network Design Considerations for Multipoint TelePresence 472 Deployment Models 472 Additional Latency 473 Bandwidth Considerations 475 Burst Considerations 477 Positioning of the CTMS Within the Network 481 Placement Within the Campus 481 Placement within the Branch 482 LAN Switch Platform Considerations 482 WAN Circuit Support 483 Basic Configuration Requirements for Multipoint TelePresence 484 CUCM Configuration Requirements 484 CTMS Configuration Requirements 484 Chapter 14 Inter-Company TelePresence Design 487 End-to-End Application Requirements 488 Experience Quality Requirements 488 Ease of Use Requirements 489 Reliability Requirements 489 Security Requirements 489 Nonproprietary Requirements 490 Scalability Requirements 490 Solution Components 490 Network Architecture and Security 492 Public E.164 Dialing 494 Inter-VPN Connectivity 495 End-to-End Application-Layer Security 510 Inter-Company Deployment Models 517 Converged Versus Overlay Access Circuits 518 Centralized Inter-Company Access Circuit 518 Multiple, Decentralized Inter-Company Access Circuits 523 Inter-Company Dialing Models 528 Scheduling Inter-Company Meetings 531 Multiple Service Provider Peering 533 Appendix Protocols Used in Cisco TelePresence Solutions 539 Index 552