2015 Nebraska State Bar Association

Transcription

1 2015 ebraska State Bar Association The ebraska State Bar Association is pleased to report the results of the SBA 2015 Economic Survey. Thank you to all ebraska State Bar Association members who took the time to respond to the survey. It is our hope that the results will be a beneficial resource for our members. Economic Survey 0

2 2015 ebraska State Bar Association Economic Survey The purpose of the 2015 ebraska State Bar Association (SBA) Economic Survey was to assess trends in attorney salary, billing, and marketing across ebraska. Survey results are based on a 26-question survey that was sent to all attorneys residing in ebraska with active law licenses in ebraska. Participants were given approximately seven weeks to respond. In total, 652 members responded to the survey. Because not all respondents answered every question on the survey, the total number of respondents varies across analyses below. 1

3 Demographics and Firm Characteristics The sample included attorneys from across ebraska. Table 1 presents the cities and towns in which respondents are located. As Table 1 indicates, nearly half of respondents (49.3%) were from the Omaha Metro area. An additional 24.5% of respondents are located in Lincoln. About 10% of respondents are located in Columbus, Fremont, Grand Island, Hastings, Kearney, orfolk, and orth Platte. About 15% of respondents are located throughout various other locations in the state. Table 1. Where is the primary location of your practice? Columbus 5.8% Fremont 6.9% Grand Island % Hastings 7 1.1% Kearney % Lincoln % orfolk 8 1.2% orth Platte 9 1.4% Omaha/Metro % Other City % Total % For analytic purposes, the location of respondents was aggregated. Table 2 shows how respondent location was aggregated. Table 2. Where is the primary location of your practice? (Aggregated) Lincoln % Omaha % Other City % Tri Cities (GI, Hastings, Kearney) % Total % To assess the racial and ethnic composition of respondents, attorneys were asked to report their racial and ethnic background. As Table 3 indicates, 93.3% of respondents are White, 1.4% are Hispanic/Latino, and less than 1% each were American Indian, Asian, Black, multiracial/multiethnic. Several respondents (3.3%) declined to report race/ethnicity information. Table 3. Race/Ethnicity American Indian 2.3% Asian 3.5% Black 5.8% Decline to Answer % Hispanic/Latino 9 1.4% Multi-racial/multi-ethnic 3.5% White % Total % 2

4 Gender information was also obtained. early two-thirds of respondents (64.3%) are male, and 35.7% are female. This gender breakdown is similar to the national gender composition of attorneys, based on a recent American Bar Association report. 1 Table 4. Gender Female % Male % Total % The sample includes attorneys at various stages of their career. Twenty four percent of respondents have been admitted to the bar for 30 to 39 years, 20.0% have been admitted for 10 to 19 years, 18.0% have been admitted for 3 to 9 years, 17.7% have been admitted between 20 and 29 years, and 11.2% have been admitted for less than 3 years. Just over 9% of respondents have been admitted for 40 or more years. Table 5. Length of time admitted to the bar. Under 3 years % 3-9 years % 10 to 19 years % 20 to 29 years % 30 to 39 years % 40 or more years % Total % Over 60% of respondents are in private practice. Table 6. Are you in Private Practice? o % Yes % Total % 1 3

5 The majority of respondents (59.2%) are employed by law firms; 13.0% are employed by corporate law offices and 8.8% are employed by state government. Smaller percentages are employed by city/county governments, the federal government, law related businesses, legal aid, non-profits, and universities/colleges. Table 7. Employer type. City/County Government Office % Corporate Law Department % County/City Attorney Office % Federal Government % Law Firm % Law Related Business % Legal Aid/Legal Services 6 1.0% on-profit % State Government Office % University/College 3.5% Total % The survey asked respondents to report the sizes of firms in which they work. As Table 8 indicates, 20.9% of respondents work in firms with a single employee, while 33.7% of respondents work in firms with 2-5 employees and 13.6% of respondents worked in firms with 6-10 employees. Table 8. umber of people in firm % % % % % % More than % Total % The survey asked private practitioners to report the level of their position. Table 9 indicates that 29.7% of practitioners are partners, 27.2% of respondents are solo practitioners, and 12.9% are 2-5 year associates. Remaining practitioners consist of smaller percentages of first year associates, various levels of partners, of counsel, and practitioners not actively practicing law. Table 9. If you are in Private Practice, what type of practitioner are you? Solo practitioner % First year associate % 2-5 year associate % Junior partner % Partner % Senior partner % Managing partner % Of counsel % ot Actively Practicing Law % Total % 4

6 Respondents were asked to report the three areas of practice to which they devote at least one-third of their practice. The most common responses were Civil Litigation (24.4%), Real Estate (18.1%), Criminal Law (17.9%), Domestic and Family Law (16.1%), Business Law (15.3%), Estate Planning (15.0%), Probate (13.0%), and Government (10.4%). Respondents reported devoting their practice to a wide range of other areas. Table 10. What are your primary areas of practice (those which you devote at least one-third of your practice to)? Administrative Law % Agricultural Law % Alternative Dispute Resolution % Banking % Business % Civil Litigation % Civil Rights % Corporate Counsel % Creditor/Debtor % Criminal Law % Domestic & Family Law % Education 7 1.1% Elder Law % Estate Planning % Government % Guardian/Conservatorships % Health % Immigration Law 7 1.1% Insurance % Intellectual Property % Juvenile Law % Labor and/or Employment Law % Liability % atural Resources % Probate % Public Interest Law 5.8% Real Estate % Securities Law % Social Security % Tax Law % Tribal 4.6% Workers' Compensation % Other % 5

7 Income To assess income trends among attorneys in ebraska, respondents were asked to report their average income in The following tables report the means, standard deviations, and the minimum and maximum salary levels reported. Mean salary levels are computed as and average: the sum of all reported salaries divided by the total number of people who reported salaries. Standard deviation refers to the amount of variation in the reported salaries. Larger numbers indicate high levels of variation in reported salaries among attorneys. In all analyses, we eliminated salaries that lay substantially outside the range. For private practice attorneys, we eliminated 16 individuals that made less than $10,000 and two individuals with extremely high salaries ($900,000 and $1,200,000). For nonprivate practice, this eliminated 19 attorneys who made less than $10,000. As Table 11 indicates, the mean income for private practice attorneys in 2014 was $147,675. The mean income for non-private practice attorneys was $99,474. Table 11. For 2014, what was your net income or compensation from the practice of law? Mean SD Min. Max. Private Practice 303 $147,675 $132,281 $10,000 $800,000 on-private practice 213 $99,474 $55,825 $15,000 $418,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. The survey also allowed for a look at private practice income levels by city/geographic area. As Table 12 indicates, attorneys in Omaha reported the highest mean income levels ($174,993), followed by Lincoln ($135,062), other cities ($116,654), and the Tri City area ($120,762). Table 12. Private Practice et Income by City Mean SD Min. Max. Lincoln 55 $135,062 $82,715 $30,000 $350,000 Omaha 142 $174,993 $158,702 $10,000 $800,000 Other City 81 $116,654 $113,246 $10,000 $750,000 Tri Cities (GI, Hastings, Kearney) 25 $120,762 $72,752 $18,000 $290,000 Total 303 $147,675 $132,281 $10,000 $800,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. Shifting to examine non-private practice income levels by city/geographic area we see similar trends. Specifically, attorneys in Omaha reported the highest non-private practice income ($116,038) followed by Lincoln ($84,025), other cities ($90,859), and the Tri City area ($68,950). Table 13. on-private Practice Total Income by City Mean SD Min. Max. Lincoln 66 $84,025 $48,126 $15,000 $275,000 Omaha 100 $116,038 $60,631 $20,000 $418,000 Other City 35 $90,859 $49,953 $39,000 $250,000 Tri Cities (GI, Hastings, Kearney) 11 $68,950 $23,075 $24,000 $112,000 Total 212 $99,471 $55,957 $15,000 $418,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. 6

8 ext, mean income by each practice area was examined. The results show that attorneys that practice Banking Law ($273,667), followed by Securities Law ($262,250), Labor Law ($208,847), Intellectual Property Law ($207,833), Workers Compensation Law ($189,500), Civil Rights Law ($188,750), and Tax Law ($186,680) have the highest mean income level. Areas with the lowest mean income levels are Juvenile Law ($51,484), Criminal Law ($76,666) and Domestic Law ($85,916). Because some of the mean salary levels in this table are based on relatively small sample sizes, it is important to use caution in interpreting mean income levels in this table, particularly when numbers in the column are small. Table 14. Private Practice et Income by Practice Area Mean SD Min. Max. Administrative Law 9 $135,289 $94,441 $36,000 $278,000 Agricultural Law 13 $170,000 $151,781 $40,000 $640,000 Alternative Dispute Resolution 5 $89,500 $63,498 $30,500 $185,000 Banking Law 15 $273,667 $217,891 $42,000 $800,000 Business Law 60 $161,708 $129,350 $20,000 $800,000 Civil Litigation 95 $153,137 $109,923 $14,000 $540,000 Civil Rights Law 4 $188,750 $106,174 $65,000 $300,000 Corporate Counsel 21 $171,857 $135,109 $31,000 $640,000 Creditor/Debtor Law 25 $130,000 $99,144 $25,000 $350,000 Criminal Law 53 $76,666 $66,029 $10,000 $300,000 Domestic Law 68 $85,916 $84,683 $13,000 $620,000 Educational Law 5 $176,800 $125,304 $40,000 $350,000 Elder Law 9 $88,889 $67,728 $12,000 $200,000 Estate Planning 69 $111,575 $76,277 $12,000 $420,000 Government 13 $136,015 $111,431 $25,000 $400,000 Guardian/Conservatorships 19 $86,158 $61,004 $13,000 $225,000 Health Law 5 $159,200 $181,585 $25,000 $465,000 Immigration Law 6 $87,089 $80,253 $40,000 $250,000 Insurance Law 18 $137,111 $65,496 $20,000 $229,000 Intellectual Property 6 $207,833 $106,394 $125,000 $411,000 Juvenile Law 32 $51,484 $37,649 $13,000 $200,000 Labor Law 22 $208,847 $176,052 $40,000 $800,000 Liability Law 11 $147,091 $82,715 $36,000 $275,000 atural Resources Law 3 $120,000 $80,000 $40,000 $200,000 Probate 58 $109,656 $75,790 $12,000 $420,000 Public Interest 1 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 Real Estate 73 $163,014 $139,618 $12,000 $800,000 Securities 10 $262,250 $127,630 $102,500 $450,000 Social Security 8 $111,567 $103,347 $36,000 $340,000 Tax Law 25 $186,680 $179,194 $12,000 $750,000 Tribal Law 2 $105,000 $125,865 $16,000 $194,000 Workers Comp 22 $189,500 $106,942 $22,000 $378,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. 7

9 Private practice income data were also analyzed as a function of practitioner type. As Table 15 indicates, income levels generally related to seniority. That is, among attorneys on the partner track First Year Associates reported the lowest mean income ($56,000) and Senior Partners reported the highest mean ($262,155). Among attorneys not on the partner track, Solo Practitioners reported mean income of $108,251, Of Counsel reported $209,000, and those not actively practicing reported a mean of $97,240. Table 15. Private Practice et Income by Practitioner Type Mean SD Min. Max. Solo practitioner 68 $108,251 $116,124 $10,000 $750,000 First year associate 6 $56,000 $22,064 $32,000 $85, year associate 43 $67,443 $25,830 $38,000 $140,000 Junior partner 8 $82,500 $50,427 $25,000 $160,000 Partner 98 $179,056 $117,498 $15,000 $540,000 Senior partner 26 $262,155 $163,114 $78,000 $800,000 Managing partner 23 $226,930 $180,982 $40,000 $800,000 Of counsel 10 $209,000 $191,632 $31,000 $640,000 ot Actively Practicing Law 5 $97,240 $71,600 $40,000 $200,000 Total 287 $151,276 $133,836 $10,000 $800,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. Income was also examined as a function of firm size. The results show that the highest mean incomes are found in firms with more than 100 attorneys ($298,477). This is followed by attorneys in firms with attorneys ($275,529) and those in firms with between 21 and 50 attorneys ($186,192). Table 16. Private Practice et Income by Firm Size Mean SD Min. Max $90,069 $74,777 $10,000 $300, $128,828 $115,062 $15,000 $750, $148,221 $114,387 $38,774 $620, $139,606 $92,575 $36,000 $400, $186,192 $165,216 $31,000 $800, $275,529 $127,391 $65,000 $454,000 More than $298,477 $205,550 $65,000 $800,000 Total 299 $148,179 $132,877 $10,000 $800,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. In general, incomes align with the length of time in which attorneys are admitted to the bar. Attorneys admitted between 30 to 39 years reported highest average earnings ($195,679) while those admitted for fewer than 3 years reported the lowest earnings ($53,957). Table 17. Private Practice et Income by Length of Time Admitted to Bar Mean SD Min. Max. Under 3 years 29 $53,957 $22,867 $14,000 $140, years 53 $85,205 $62,303 $22,000 $300, to 19 years 51 $138,648 $107,362 $10,000 $450, to 29 years 50 $176,250 $115,441 $16,000 $454, to 39 years 86 $195,679 $169,951 $12,000 $800, or more years 34 $175,090 $140,713 $10,000 $620,000 Total 303 $147,675 $132,282 $10,000 $800,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. 8

10 on-private practice income was also examined in relation to the length of time attorneys are admitted to the bar. As with private practice attorneys, earnings were higher on average the longer the person has been admitted to the bar. Those admitted for over 40 years reported highest average earnings ($114,643) while those admitted for fewer than 3 years reported the lowest earnings ($50,829). otably, it appears that new non-private practice attorneys (admitted for less than 3 years) earn roughly equal amounts as private practice attorneys. However, there are vast disparities in income between private and non-private practice attorneys among those who have been admitted to the bar for longer periods of time. Table 18. on-private Practice Total Income by Length of Time Admitted to Bar Mean SD Min. Max. Under 3 years 24 $50,829 $18,275 $15,000 $88, years 42 $72,967 $29,409 $20,000 $160, to 19 years 53 $97,441 $41,079 $24,000 $220, to 29 years 44 $118,942 $53,636 $50,000 $275, to 39 years 40 $125,981 $76,495 $20,000 $418, or more years 10 $146,643 $52,000 $55,000 $200,000 Total 213 $99,474 $55,825 $15,000 $418,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. ext, on-private practice total income was examined across employer types. The results show that attorneys working for the Federal Government and those working for Corporate Law Departments were the highest earners in Table 19. on-private Practice Total Income by Employer Type (on Law Firm) Mean SD Min. Max. City/County Government Office 34 $81,693 $32,669 $39,000 $207,000 Corporate Law Department 60 $130,640 $65,620 $50,000 $418,000 County/City Attorney Office 16 $70,438 $32,506 $40,000 $175,000 Federal Government 13 $145,715 $28,641 $89,000 $197,000 Law Related Business 4 $94,750 $41,412 $61,000 $150,000 Legal Aid/Legal Services 4 $70,363 $11,934 $57,000 $84,450 on-profit 13 $85,454 $49,158 $30,000 $180,000 State Government Office 43 $75,379 $26,902 $15,000 $148,000 University/College 2 $70,000 $63,640 $25,000 $115,000 Total 189 $99,417 $52,947 $15,000 $418,000 ote: SD refers to standard deviation from the mean. 9

11 Billing and Marketing To understand billing trends in the state, respondents were asked to report hourly rates and charges for non-trial work. As Table 20 indicates, the plurality of respondents (22.5%) reported that they charge between $176-$200/hour. Substantial proportions reported charging between $151-$175/hour (18.8%), $201-$250/hour (17.9%), and $126-$150/hour (15.1%). Relatively few respondents (10.2%) indicated charging over $300/hour. Table 20. What is your hourly rate/charge for legal practice office (non-trial) work? Less than $100/hour 5 1.5% $101-$125/hour % $126-$150/hour % $151-$175/hour % $176-$200/hour % $201-$250/hour % $251-$300/hour % Over $300/hour % Total % To determine trial rate trends, respondents were asked to report the rates they charge for trial work. As Table 21 shows, the plurality of respondents reported charging between $176-$200/hour (24.4%), followed by $201-$250/hour (21.4%), $151-$175/hour (19.3%), and $126-$150/hour (16.4%). Table 21. What is your hourly rate/charge for trial work? Less than $100/hour 1.4% $101-$125/hour % $126-$150/hour % $151-$175/hour % $176-$200/hour % $201-$250/hour % $251-$300/hour % Over $300/hour % Total % Geographic differences in rates/charges were also examined. As the results in Table 22 indicate, Omaha and Lincoln had higher mean rates than did cities in the Tri City area and in other parts of the state. Table 22. Hourly Rates by City Rates Rate Lincoln 60 $176-$200/hour Omaha 151 $176-$200/hour Other City 85 $126-$150/hour Tri Cities (GI, Hastings, Kearney) 28 $151-$175/hour 10

12 As the results in Tables 19 and 20 indicate, a larger number of attorneys reported charging a particular rate for non-trial work (=324) than non-trial work (=238). We sought to determine the extent to which attorneys charge the same or different rates for trial and non-trial work. To do so, we compared the results of the 235 attorneys who reported charging rates for both types of work. The results in Table 23 show that the vast majority of attorneys (86.8%) charge the same for trial and non-trial work. The results also show that 11.9% of attorneys charge more for trial work, while 1.3% charge less for trial work. Table 23. Do you charge different rates for trial and nontrial work? Same Rate for Both % Charge More for Trial work % Charge Less for Trial Work 3 1.3% Total % ext, average rates and trial rates were examined by areas of practice. As Table 24 indicates, Banking Law, Intellectual Property Law, and Securities Law had the highest average rates at $201-$250/hour. The lowest rates were reported for Juvenile Law at $126-$150/hour. Once again, it is important to keep in mind that statistics based on a low sample size (a small ) should be interpreted with caution. Table 24. Rates and Trial Rates by Practice Area Practice Area Rate Practice Area Rate Administrative Law 9 $176-$200/hour Health Law 7 $176-$200/hour Agricultural Law 16 $176-$200/hour Immigration Law 5 $176-$200/hour Alternative Dispute Resolution 7 $176-$200/hour Insurance Law 23 $151-$175/hour Banking Law 17 $201-$250/hour Intellectual Property 11 $176-$200/hour Business Law 72 $176-$200/hour Juvenile Law 38 $126-$150/hour Civil Litigation 97 $151-$175/hour Labor Law 22 $176-$200/hour Civil Rights Law 6 $151-$175/hour Liability Law 13 $176-$200/hour Corporate Counsel 23 $201-$250/hour atural Resources Law 4 $151-$175/hour Creditor/Debtor Law 28 $176-$200/hour Probate 66 $151-$175/hour Criminal Law 62 $151-$175/hour Real Estate 73 $176-$200/hour Domestic Law 77 $151-$175/hour Securities 10 $201-$250/hour Educational Law 5 $151-$175/hour Social Security 7 $151-$175/hour Elder Law 7 $151-$175/hour Tax Law 22 $176-$200/hour Estate Planning 79 $151-$175/hour Tribal Law 2 $176-$200/hour Government 14 $176-$200/hour Workers Comp 16 $151-$175/hour Guardian/Conservatorships 22 $151-$175/hour Respondents were asked if they bill on a contingency fee basis. Among those respondents who bill on a contingency fee basis, 77.6% reported billing at a 33.3% rate, while 15.3% of respondents bill at 25%. Table 25. If you bill on a contingency fee basis, what is the rate of your fee? 25% % 33.3% % 50% 1 0.5% Other % Total % 11

13 Contingency fee rates were also examined by geographic area. Table 26. If you bill on a contingency fee basis, what is the rate of your fee? (by location) 25% Rate 33.3% Rate 50% Rate Other Total Lincoln % 65.7% 2.9% 11.4% 100% Omaha % 74.5% 0.0% 19.8% 100% Other City % 57.1% 0.0% 23.8% 100% Tri Cities % 60.9% 0.0% 17.4% 100% Respondents were asked to report the expenses that are frequently or routinely charged to clients. Table 27 indicates that a substantial proportion of attorneys charge for time spent on the phone (72.5%), time reading and responding to (69.6%), and travel expenses (64.9%). Smaller percentages charge for legal assistants time (40.8%), postage (36.4%), photocopying (34.8%), and for research (30.1%). Table 27. Please indicate which expenses are frequently or routinely charged to clients? Lawyer time spent on phone % Reading and responding to % Travel expenses % Legal assistants or paralegals time % Postage % Duplicating and photocopying expenses % Computerized legal research charges % Long-distance phone charges/fax charges % Secretarial time % Other % ote: ages were computed based on 385 respondents who indicated working in private practice. Attorneys were asked to report the ratio of paralegals to attorneys in their office. A substantial proportion indicated that no paralegals are employed by their organization. Varying ratios are reported among those attorneys that do employ paralegals. Table 28. What is the ratio of paralegals to attorneys employed by your office firm or department? on-private Private Total 1:1, one paralegal for every attorney 5 2.8% % % 1:2, one paralegal for every two attorneys % % % 1:3, one paralegal for every three attorneys % % % 1:4, one paralegal for every four attorneys 8 4.5% % % 1:5, one paralegal for every five attorneys % % % Greater than 1:5, each paralegal supports % % % more than five attorneys o paralegals are employed % % % Total % % % 12

14 Attorneys were asked to report the ratio of other support staff to attorneys in their office. Among nonprivate attorneys, roughly equal proportions of respondents report a 1:1 ratio, a 1:2 ratio, a 1:3 ratio; 23.2% reported that no support staff is employed. Among private attorneys, relatively large proportions report a 1:1 ratio (24.2%) or a 1:2 ratio (21.4%). Table 29. What is the ratio of non-paralegal support staff to attorneys employed by your office firm or department? on-private Private Total 1:1, one paralegal for every attorney % % % 1:2, one paralegal for every two attorneys % % % 1:3, one paralegal for every three attorneys % % % 1:4, one paralegal for every four attorneys % % % 1:5, one paralegal for every five attorneys % % % Greater than 1:5, each paralegal supports % % % more than five attorneys o paralegals are employed % % % Total % % % As Table 30 indicates, a large proportion of attorneys (49.8%) do not know the percentage that their organization allocates to overhead costs. The most common response was 30% or less overhead, with 14.7% of attorneys reporting this level. Table 30. For 2014, what percentage of your firm's gross income was allocated to overhead costs? 30% or less % 31-40% % 41-50% % 51-60% % More than 60% % Unknown % Total % 13

15 To better understand how attorneys spend their time, respondents were asked to report the tasks on which they devote at least a quarter of their time. The most common response was drafting documents (55.8%); preparing and meeting with clients (40.0%); receiving, drafting, and sending documents (38.3%). Table 31. Please indicate which tasks you devote at least one-fourth of your practice to below. If you are not in private practice, consider clients as members of your employer organization. Drafting documents generated/required by your work % Meeting with and preparing for client meetings % Receiving, drafting and sending written communication with clients or opposing counsel % Receiving and making phone calls with clients or opposing counsel % Preparing for trial and/or trial work generated by your work % Research projects generated by your work % Office management, including but not limited to, human resources issues, time keeping, scheduling, staff issues, office meetings % Responding to non-billable communications (letters, s, phone calls) % Reviewing and revising documents created by another attorney % Drafting documents at the request of another attorney % Preparing for trial and/or trial work generated through court appointments and/or court contracts % Research projects generated by other attorneys for your completion % Preparing for trial and/or trial work generated by other attorneys % Other % Respondents were asked to indicate the extent to which they engage in volunteer work activities. As Table 32 indicates, 68.2% of respondents do not do pro-bono work or volunteer. Just over 30% of respondents reported doing pro-bono work or volunteering at least 5 hours per year. Table 32. Do you do any pro-bono work or volunteer through the Volunteer Lawyers Project? o % Yes, between 5 and 15 hours a year % Yes, less than 5 hours a year % Yes, over 15 hours a year % Total % 14

16 To better understand marketing trends, respondents were asked to report the media through which they advertise their services. The most common media are firm websites (36.5%), followed by networking with other lawyers (29.6%), Yellow Pages (24.5%), White Pages (21.0%), LinkedIn (18.4%), networking with trade groups (13.5%), Lawyers.com (13.2%), Facebook (12.3%), seminars (11.7%), and client entertainment opportunities (11.0%). In general, it appears that attorneys are making use of a combination of modern social networking, traditional media, and traditional networking opportunities. Table 33. Please indicate your use of advertising or marketing. Firm Website % etworking among other lawyers % Yellow Pages % White Pages % LinkedIn % etworking among trade/industry groups % Martindale Hubbell/Lawyers.com % Facebook % Seminars % Client entertainment % Printed brochure % Publish articles % Other % Internet Blog % Client newsletters % Radio % Online Legal Directory % Twitter % Google % Avvo % Internet PPC (pay per click) ads % Your own Legal Blog % Magazine % TV ads % PR firm % YouTube 7 1.1% 15