Teacher Attrition and Mobility:

Transcription

1 NCES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results From the Teacher Follow-up Survey First Look

2 Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results From the Teacher Follow-up Survey First Look SEPTEMBER 2014 Rebecca Goldring Soheyla Taie Minsun Riddles Westat Chelsea Owens Project Officer National Center for Education Statistics NCES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

3 U.S. Department of Education Arne Duncan Secretary Institute of Education Sciences John Q. Easton Director National Center for Education Statistics John Q. Easton Acting Commissioner Sample Surveys Division Christopher Chapman Associate Commissioner The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries. NCES activities are designed to address high-priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high-quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public. Unless specifically noted, all information contained herein is in the public domain. We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a variety of audiences. You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating information effectively. If you have any comments or suggestions about this or any other NCES product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to NCES, IES, U.S. Department of Education 1990 K Street NW Washington, DC September 2014 The NCES Home Page address is The NCES Publications and Products address is This publication is only available online. To download, view, and print the report as a PDF file, go to the NCES Publications and Products address shown above. This report was prepared for the National Center for Education Statistics under Contract No. ED-IES-12-D-005 with Westat. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Suggested Citation Goldring, R., Taie, S., and Riddles, M. (2014). Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results From the Teacher Follow-up Survey (NCES ). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved [date] from Content Contact Chelsea Owens (202) chelsea.owens@ed.gov

4 Contents Page List of Tables... iv Introduction... 1 Selected Findings... 3 References... 4 Estimate Tables... 5 Appendix A: Standard Error Tables... A-1 Appendix B: Methodology and Technical Notes... B-1 Appendix C: Description of Variables... C-1 iii

5 List of Tables Table Page 1. Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers: through Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers, by selected teacher and school characteristics in the base year: Percentage distribution of public school teacher movers who moved across schools, school districts, and sectors, by years of experience and type of move: through Percentage distribution of public school teacher movers who changed schools involuntarily or who rated various reasons as the most important in their decision to move from their base year school: through Percentage distribution of public school teacher leavers who left teaching involuntarily or who rated various reasons as the most important in their decision to leave the position of a K 12 teacher: Total number and percentage distribution of public school teacher leavers, by their current occupational and industry status: Percentage distribution of working public teacher leavers who rated various aspects of their current occupation as better in teaching, better in current position, or not better or worse: iv

6 Appendix A: Standard Error Tables Table A-1. A-2. A-3. A-4. A-5. A-6. A-7. Table B-1. Standard errors for Table 1: Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers: through A-2 Standard errors for Table 2: Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers, by selected teacher and school characteristics in the base year: A-3 Standard errors for Table 3: Percentage distribution of public school teacher movers who moved across schools, school districts, and sectors, by years of experience and type of move: through A-5 Standard errors for Table 4: Percentage distribution of public school teacher movers who changed schools involuntarily or who rated various reasons as the most important in their decision to move from their base year school: through A-6 Standard errors for Table 5: Percentage distribution of public school teacher leavers who left teaching involuntarily or who rated various reasons as the most important in their decision to leave the position of a K 12 teacher: A-7 Standard errors for Table 6: Total number and percentage distribution of public school teacher leavers, by their current occupational and industry status: A-8 Standard errors for Table 7: Percentage distribution of working public teacher leavers who rated various aspects of their current occupation as better in teaching, better in current position, or not better or worse: A-9 Appendix B: Methodology and Technical Notes Weighted unit and overall response rates of TFS teachers, using initial base weight, by sector and teaching status: B-5 Page Page B-2. Summary of weighted item response rates, by survey: B-6 Appendix C: Description of Variables Table C-1. Page Variables used in the Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results From the Teacher Follow-up Survey report... C-2 v

7 Introduction This report presents selected findings from the Current Teacher and Former Teacher Data Files of the Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS). TFS is a nationally representative sample survey of public 1 and private school K 12 teachers who participated in the previous year s Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). It has been conducted seven times: in the , , , , , , and school years (after the SASS administrations in the , , , , , , and school years, respectively). First fielded in school year , TFS was designed as a component of SASS and was sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the Institute of Education Sciences within the U.S. Department of Education. The purpose of SASS is to collect information that can provide a detailed picture of U.S. elementary and secondary schools and their staff. This information is collected through questionnaires sent to districts, schools, principals, teachers, and library media centers. Information from all of the surveys can be linked. The SASS questionnaires can be found at Like the SASS, the TFS was conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The TFS followed up with a sample of SASS teachers in the year after the SASS data collection and included those who left teaching as well as those who continued to teach. Teachers who returned the SASS teacher questionnaires were eligible for the TFS sample, which contained about 5,800 public school teachers and 1,200 private school teachers. Due to unprecedented low response rates among private school teachers, they were dropped from the TFS Current and Former Teacher data files. While previous TFS release reports have included information on teachers who taught in public or private schools during the SASS base-year, this report contains information pertaining only to public school teachers. For additional information on TFS response rates, see appendix B. The TFS was completed by about 4,400 current and former public school teachers. Of these respondents, teachers who were still teaching in the same school were classified as stayers, teachers who were teaching in a different school were classified as movers, and teachers who left the profession since the SASS interview in the previous year were classified as leavers. More information about the survey design can be found in the Documentation for the Teacher Follow-up Survey (Graham, Parmer, and Cox forthcoming). Because all of the teachers in the TFS sample responded to the SASS Teacher Survey in the previous school year, some questions (e.g., on age, sex, race/ethnicity) are not repeated in the TFS questionnaire. For this reason, some of the data in this report are drawn from the SASS. They are termed base-year data because the SASS responding teachers form the base for the teachers who are selected for TFS. 1 Public schools include traditional public and public charter schools. 1

8 The purpose of this First Look is to introduce new data through the presentation of tables containing descriptive information. Selected findings chosen for this report demonstrate the range of information available on the TFS data files. The selected findings do not represent a complete review of all observed differences in the data and are not meant to emphasize any particular issue. The tables in this report contain counts and percentages demonstrating bivariate associations. All of the results have been weighted to reflect the sample design and to account for nonresponse and other adjustments. Comparisons drawn in the selected findings have been tested for statistical significance at the.05 level using Student s t statistics to ensure that the differences are larger than those that might be expected due to sampling variation. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Many of the variables examined are related to one another, and complex interactions and relationships have not been explored. Statistical Analysis Software (SAS 9.3) and SUDAAN (11.0) were used to compute the statistics for this report. Tables of standard errors are provided in appendix A. Detailed information about the survey methodology is provided in appendix B. Appendix C contains a description of the variables used in this report. More information about TFS can be found at 2

9 Selected Findings Of the 3,377,900 public school teachers who were teaching during the school year, 84 percent remained at the same school ( stayers ), 8 percent moved to a different school ( movers ), and 8 percent left the profession ( leavers ) during the following year (table 1). Among public school teachers with 1 3 years of experience, 80 percent stayed in their baseyear school, 13 percent moved to another school, and 7 percent left teaching in (table 2). Among public school teacher movers, 59 percent moved from one public school to another public school in the same district, 38 percent moved from one public school district to another public school district, and 3 percent moved from a public school to a private school between and (table 3). About 30 percent of public school teacher movers changed schools involuntarily in (table 4). About 10 percent of public school teacher leavers left teaching involuntarily in (table 5). About 8 percent of public school teachers who left teaching in were working in an occupation outside the field of education, including military service (table 6). About 51 percent of public school teachers who left teaching in reported that the manageability of their work load was better in their current position than in teaching. Additionally, 53 percent of public school leavers reported that their general work conditions were better in their current position than in teaching (table 7). 3

10 References Deville, J.C., and Särndal, C.E. (1992). Calibration Estimators in Survey Sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association 87(418): Graham, S., Parmer, R., Strizek, G., and Thomas, T. (forthcoming). Documentation for the Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES ). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Graham, S., Parmer, R., and Cox, C. (forthcoming). Documentation for the Teacher Follow-up Survey: Restricted-Use Version (NCES ). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Goldring, R., Taie, S., Rizzo, L., Colby, D., and Fraser, A. (2013). User s Manual for the Schools and Staffing Survey Volumes 1 6 (NCES through ). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Goldring, R., Taie, S., and Riddles, M. (forthcoming). User s Manual for the Teacher Follow-up Survey: Current and Former Teacher Data (NCES ). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). NCES Statistical Standards (NCES ). Washington, DC: Author. 4

11 Estimate Tables 5

12 Table 1. Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers: through Number Percent Year Total base year teachers 1 Stayers Movers Leavers Stayers Movers Leavers ,386,500 2,065, , , ,553,500 2,237, , , ,555,800 2,205, , , ,994,700 2,542, , , ,214,900 2,684, , , ,380,300 2,854, , , ,377,900 2,846, , , Base year refers to the year in which the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) was administered. The SASS is always administered a year prior to the Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS). The total number of base year teachers for any year is slightly lower than in previously published counts, as all teachers who responded to SASS but were ineligible for TFS (e.g., because they died or moved out of the country) were removed from the weighted count of base year teachers. NOTE: Stayers are teachers who were teaching in the same school in the current school year as in the base year. Movers are teachers who were still teaching in the current school year but had moved to a different school after the base year. Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession after the base year. Total numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Current and Former Teacher Data Files, ; Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results From the Teacher Follow-up Survey, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES ). 6

13 7 Table 2. Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers, by selected teacher and school characteristics in the base year: Teacher or school characteristic in base year 1 Total Stayers Movers Leavers Stayers Movers Leavers Number Percent Total 3,377,900 2,846, , , School classification Traditional public 3,264,900 2,754, , , Public charter 113,000 92,100 11,600! 9, ! 8.2 Teaching experience 1 3 years 398, ,400 49,800 28, years 919, , ,600 62, years 1,205,400 1,066,200 68,000 71, years or more 854, ,600 46,500 97, Age Less than 30 years 515, ,800 70,700 38, years 982, ,400 83,100 51, years 843, ,500 49,900 33, or more years 1,036, ,800 68, , Base salary Less than $30,000 88,500 61,400 13,900 13, $30,000 $39, , ,600 74,900 41, $40,000 $49, , ,300 77,500 77, $50,000 or more 1,675,300 1,442, , , Sex Male 801, ,600 63,000 51, Female 2,576,600 2,159, , , Race/ethnicity White, non-hispanic 2,769,700 2,353, , , Black, non-hispanic 229, ,400 26,900! 23,100! ! 10.1! Hispanic, regardless of race 261, ,400 33,000 20,800! ! Asian, non-hispanic 63,800! 61,200! 1,600! 95.8 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-hispanic # # # # American Indian/Alaska Native, non-hispanic 22,300! 17,500! 78.8 Two or more races, non-hispanic 31,200! 27,700! 1,800! 88.8 Main assignment field Early childhood/general elementary 1,077, ,000 83,000 64, Special education 430, ,300 45,100 28, Arts/music 203, ,400 17,000! 9, ! 4.4 English/language arts 379, ,200 24,400 38, Mathematics 295, ,300 21,000! 28,600! ! 9.7! Natural sciences 226, ,700 16,600! 14, ! 6.5 Social sciences 209, ,700 17,900 18, Other 555, ,800 46,900 57, See notes at end of table.

14 8 Table 2. Number and percentage distribution of public school teacher stayers, movers, and leavers, by selected teacher and school characteristics in the base year: Continued Teacher or school characteristic in base year 1 Total Stayers Movers Leavers Stayers Movers Leavers Number Percent Teaching status Full time 3,126,000 2,678, , , Part time 251, ,700 37,800 46, Certification type 2 Regular or standard state certificate or advanced professional certificate 3,121,800 2,637, , , Certificate issued after satisfying all requirements except the completion of a probationary period 89,800 73,800 11,200! 4,800! ! Certificate that requires some additional coursework, student teaching, or passage of a test before regular certification can be obtained 106,400 89,100 11,500 5, ! 5.4! Certificate issued to persons who must complete a certification program in order to continue 35,400! 28,700! 4,500 2,200! 81.1 None of the above certifications in this state 24,400! 17,700! 3,700! ! Community type City 935, ,900 91,100 74, Suburban 1,100, ,400 85,900 80, Town 393, ,800 28,700 25, Rural 948, ,400 66,200 79, School level Primary 1,658,000 1,391, , , Middle 539, ,700 42,100 37, High 987, ,800 66,500 76, Combined 192, ,300 19,800! 22,200! ! 11.6! School enrollment Less than , ,600 13,300 9, ,068, ,500 84,800 84, , ,200 79,900 68, or more 1,286,200 1,095,200 94,000 97, Percent of K 12 students who were approved for free or reduced-price lunches ,162,900 1,014,100 68,600 80, , ,500 39,800 42, , ,100 79,900 65, or more 672, ,500 82,000 65, School did not participate in free or reduced-price lunch program 47,200 40,400 1,700! 5, ! # Rounds to zero.! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate). Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater (i.e., the standard error is 50 percent or more of the estimate). 1 Base year refers to Certification categories refer to in-state requirements only. NOTE: Stayers are teachers who were teaching in the same school in the current school year as in the base year. Movers are teachers who were still teaching in the current school year but had moved to a different school after the base year. Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession after the base year. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some data are not shown. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Current and Former Teacher Data Files,

15 Table 3. Percentage distribution of public school teacher movers who moved across schools, school districts, and sectors, by years of experience and type of move: through Percent of teachers with Type of move All public 1 3 years of experience 4 or more years of experience Total Moved from one public school to another public school in the same school district Moved from one public school district to another public school district Moved from a public school to a private school ! 2.4!! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate). NOTE: Movers are teachers who were still teaching in the current school year but had moved to a different school after the base year ( ). There are 49,800 public school movers with 1 3 years of teaching experience, and 222,100 public school movers with 4 or more years of teaching experience. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Current Teacher Data File,

16 Table 4. Percentage distribution of public school teacher movers who changed schools involuntarily or who rated various reasons as the most important in their decision to move from their base year school: through Reason for moving Percent Changed schools involuntarily 30.3 Voluntary reasons for moving Personal life factors 22.7 Assignment and classroom factors 4.6 Salary and other job benefits 3.5! School factors 22.6 Student performance factors 0.6! Other factors 15.8! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate). NOTE: Movers are teachers who were still teaching in the current school year but had moved to a different school after the base year ( ). Respondents were asked to choose, from various reasons, the most important reason in their decision to move from their base year ( ) school. Changed schools involuntarily includes contract not renewed, laid off, and school closed or merged. Other factors includes teachers who did not indicate their most important reason for moving. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some data are not shown. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Current Teacher Data File,

17 Table 5. Percentage distribution of public school teacher leavers who left teaching involuntarily or who rated various reasons as the most important in their decision to leave the position of a K 12 teacher: Reason for leaving Percent Left teaching involuntarily 9.7 Voluntary reasons for leaving Personal life factors 38.4 Assignment and classroom factors 2.4 Salary and other job benefits 6.8! Career factors 13.0 School factors 6.3 Student performance factors 3.1 Other factors 20.5! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate). NOTE: Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession after the base year ( ). Respondents were asked to choose, from various reasons, the most important reason in their decision to leave their base year ( ) school. Left teaching involuntarily includes contract not renewed, laid off, and school closed or merged. Other factors includes teachers who did not indicate their most important reason for leaving. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some data are not shown. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Former Teacher Data File,

18 Table 6. Total number and percentage distribution of public school teacher leavers, by their current occupational and industry status: Occupational and industry status Number Percent 12 Main occupational status of all leavers Total 259, Working for a school or school district in a position in the field of K 12 education, but not as a regular K 12 classroom teacher 76, Working in the field of K 12 education but not in a school/district 2,900! 1.1! Working in the field of pre-k or postsecondary education 5,800! 2.2! Working in an occupation outside the field of education, including military service 20, Student at a college or university 4, Caring for family members 24, Retired 99, Disabled Unemployed 15, Other Industry status of leavers whose main occupational status was working in a position in the field of pre-k or postsecondary education, working in the field of K 12 education but not in a school/district, or working outside the field of education, including military service Total 28, Employee of a private company, nonprofit, business, or individual for wages, salary, or commission 21, State, federal, or local government employee 3, Self-employed in own business, professional practice, or farm 3,000! 10.5! Working without pay in a family business, farm, or volunteer job # # # Rounds to zero.! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate). Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater (i.e., the standard error is 50 percent or more of the estimate). NOTE: Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession after the base year ( ). Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some data are not shown. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Former Teacher Data File,

19 13 Table 7. Percentage distribution of working public teacher leavers who rated various aspects of their current occupation as better in teaching, better in current position, or not better or worse: Aspects of current occupation Better in teaching Better in current position Not better or worse Salary Benefits Opportunities for professional advancement or promotion 17.6! Opportunities for professional development 21.2! Opportunities for learning from colleagues Social relationships with colleagues Recognition and support from administrators/managers Safety of environment 7.6! Influence over workplace policies and practices 8.4! Autonomy or control over own work Professional prestige 8.4! Procedures for performance evaluation 9.7! Manageability of workload 16.2! Ability to balance personal life and work 12.9! Availability of resources and materials/equipment for doing your job 16.0! General work conditions 13.8! Job security Intellectual challenge Sense of personal accomplishment Opportunities to make a difference in the lives of others ! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate). NOTE: Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession after the base year ( ). Working teacher leavers include former teachers working for a school or school district in a position in the field of K 12 education but not as a regular K 12 classroom teacher; former teachers working in the field of K 12 education but not in a school/district; former teachers working in the field of pre-k or postsecondary education; and former teachers working outside the field of education, including the military service. Data on leavers who reported an occupational status of other than the above are not included. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS), Former Teacher Data File,

20 Appendix A: Standard Error Tables A-1