Turkey's Era of Political and Economic Stability
|
|
- Virgil Rose
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Turkey's Era of Political and Economic Stability Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency
2 Turkey's Era of Political and Economic Stability Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency
3 PILDAT is an independent, non-partisan and not-for-profit indigenous research and training institution with the mission to strengthen democracy and democratic institutions in Pakistan. PILDAT is a registered non-profit entity under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, Pakistan. Copyright Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency PILDAT All rights reserved Printed in Pakistan Published: December 2013 ISBN: Any part of this publication can be used or cited with a clear reference to PILDAT Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency - PILDAT Islamabad Office: No. 7, 9th Avenue, F-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan Lahore Office: 45-A, Sector XX, 2nd Floor, Phase III Commercial Area, DHA, Lahore, Pakistan Tel: (+92-51) ; Fax: (+92-51) info@pildat.org; Web:
4 REPORT CONTENTS Foreword Introduction Historical Background Conclusion
5
6 REPORT Foreword Study Visit to Turkey was organized by PILDAT from November 10-16, 2013 by including key members of Pakistan's A Parliament and members of PILDAT Dialogue Group on Civil-Military Relations to study the developments in Democratic Civil-Military Relations and Consolidation of Democracy in Turkey. Individual delegates have penned down their learning and analyses based on the Study Visit. This paper titled Turkey's Era of Political and Economic Stability has been authored by Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Moinuddin Haider, Former Governor Sindh; Former Federal Minister for Interior. We at PILDAT are grateful to him for sharing his analysis and are happy to publish it for a wider dissemination. Disclaimer Views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of PILDAT. Islamabad December
7
8 REPORT Introduction urkey, with its population of 75 million, growing economy and its geostrategic position in the middle of Afro-Eurasian Tmain continent has emerged as a prominent country. Turkey has political, historical and cultural ties with Europe, Middle East, Africa, Black Sea, Asia and Caucuses. It is an important member of NATO (the only Muslim Country) OSCE and CICA and which its recent dynamic and active foreign policy, it has become an important player in the global arena. 07
9
10 REPORT Historical Background Turkey suffered from political instability and economic crises. Frequent disruptions by Military forces to disrupt the political Governments, or to influence them from behind the scene when military was not in direct control were the main reason for political instability and subsequently economic instability. The Turkish Armed Forces have been the guardian of Secularism and Republicanism as enunciated by Kemal Ata Turk, who dismantled Khilafat and established the Republic of Turkey. This era commenced with the turn of the century with coming to power of Justice and Development Party (AKP). Turkish Prime Minister, Tayyip Erdogan, who has been elected third time Prime Minister consecutively through a popular vote, is a strong leader with Islamic (conservative) leanings. His main achievements are: 1. Establishing Civilian Supremacy Over Military a. Roll back the over-arching influence of military from political affairs. To this end, he civilianized the National Security Council, reducing the number of military generals. b. He disregarded the dictation of supreme military council on matters of promotion of senior military commanders and used his authority and discretions on appointment and promotions of senior commanders. c. Many senior officers, who resented/resisted this policy and displayed dissent were retired, dismissed, tried in courts and jailed. Trials of several military officers are still continuing. 2. Constitutional reforms Several far-reaching amendments/additions were made to the constitution, laws and regulations, to balance powers and bring stability. Turkeys' effort to gain membership of EU also provided the impetus to upgrade laws to come at par with European standards. Extensive consultations were held at public level to involve the public and solicit their support for these constitutional reforms. This has resulted in gaining balance and political stability. The reform process is continuing. There are important challenges in this regards: a. The direct election of President through popular vote and enhancing the powers of the president. There is a talk of swap of appointments between President and Prime Minister. b. To amend the Irrevocable articles in the constitution pertaining to secularism, official language etc. The opposition parties are not in favour of revoking the irrevocable. 3. The Kurdish Problem The Kurds constitute 20% of Turkey's population and the long-going ethnic conflict with Turks has cost 40,000 lives over the past 30 years. The Turkish Prime Minister has introduced a reform package for the Kurdish minority offering many concessions but it has not satisfied them. Dialogue continues to come to an agreeable solution. But the challenge remains for the Turkish PM to bring peace and harmony to Kurd's region. 4. The Syrian Problem The civil war going in Syria to oust the Basharul Asad Government has cast ugly shadows on Turkey which shares a 900 miles long border with Syria. 600,000 Syrians have crossed the border and are in the refugee camps in the border area costing Turkey a huge sum of money and resources. Turkey was supporting the rebels all along but is now in the midst of a more balance policy. Critics say that Syria has the potential to become Afghanistan of the region. 5. The Egyptian Stand Off Turkey supported Egyptian President Morsi and is cool towards the military regime of Egypt. This is causing tension and Turkish Ambassador has been asked to leave Cairo. 6. Economic Reforms Having attained political stability, extensive economic reforms were undertaken in all sectors of economy: 09
11 REPORT a. Autonomy of Central Bank. b. Empowerment of Auditor General and granting autonomy and requisite powers to over all expenditures. c. Establishment of Regulatory Bodies in all fields of economy and creating environments to work without interference from any quarters. d. Making Chairman Budget and Planning Committee the focal point of all economic policy, budget, expenditures, etc. He works under a Deputy Prime Minister. This commission has special powers to increase income and reduce expenditures. knowledge expertise and law-making at local levels. Turkey offers several training courses in this field and undertakes projects in other countries. e. Education. There is ONE education system in the country. Literacy rate is 90-95%. Turkey encourages foreign students in its universities and also establishes schools and colleges in many countries including Pakistan and Afghanistan. f. Humanitarian Aid. Turkish Government and people come to the help of disaster hit countries. Their annual budget for relief is touching $ one billion every year. Pakistan has been a beneficiary in the 2005 earthquake and 2010 floods. e. Through financial discipline reducing debts, tripling its revenues/income in the last ten years and pushing its exports to US $ 150 Billions per year, Turkey has stabilized its economy. Surplus, thus created have been aggressively utilized to improve the quality of life of its people. The reform in the economic field and the demonstrated performance has earned Turkey the respect and appreciation at global level. f. Vulnerability of the Economy. Turkey's current account deficit of 7.4% and a requirement of $ 5 billion every month as a short term loan to meet its energy bill are a continuing challenge. 7. Miscellaneous Observations a. The quality of Elected Members is impressive. Most possess degrees and qualification from prestigious institutions. b. Political Parties are well organized and enrol members with a lot of seriousness. The Government gives grants to political parties according to the number of popular votes won in the elections. Political parties are linked to think tanks and have their own think tanks also. c. Quality of Think Tanks. There are several prestigious Think Tanks, (many supported by government grants) covering vast fields analysing, Domestic, National, Regional and Global problems. The research produced is extremely useful for policy makers to make knowledge based decisions. d. Municipal Services. Turkey take prides in the 10
12
13 REPORT Conclusion Pakistan and Turkey enjoy excellent relations at Government to Government and people to people levels. There is a lot to learn from Turkeys' experience in the fields of political stability, Civil-Military Relations, Economic Reforms, Municipal Services and Quality Education. 12
14 Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency Islamabad Office: No. 7, 9th Avenue, F-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: (+92-51) Fax: (+92-51) Lahore Office: 45-A, Sector XX, 2nd Floor, Phase III Commercial Area, DHA, Lahore Tel: (+92-42) Fax: (+92-42) Web:
Security Council. United Nations S/2008/434
United Nations S/2008/434 Security Council Distr.: General 3 July 2008 Original: English Special report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 1806 (2008) on the United Nations
More information"The European Union's Security Architecture and its role to strengthen Peace and Security"
Chairman EU Military Committee General Patrick de Rousiers at the 29 th Asia Pacific Round Table in Kuala Lumpur 02 June 2015 "The European Union's Security Architecture and its role to strengthen Peace
More informationPolitical Parties Law
In the Name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful Political Parties Law Chapter one General Provisions Article 1 This law is adopted pursuant to article 32 of the 1964 Constitution on the establishment,
More informationINTERVIEW WITH ANDERS FOGH RASMUSSEN *
INTERVIEW WITH ANDERS FOGH RASMUSSEN * In this exclusive interview with TPQ, the Honorable Secretary General provides an overview of the major developments of the past two years in Turkey s neighborhood,
More informationDear Delegates, It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 2016 Montessori Model United Nations Conference.
Dear Delegates, It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 2016 Montessori Model United Nations Conference. The following pages intend to guide you in the research of the topics that will be debated at MMUN
More informationTURKEY AT THE CROSSROADS:
TURKEY AT THE CROSSROADS: POLITICS AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN AN EMERGING POWER IN THE MIDDLE EAST Marshall Student Center Room 3707 University of South Florida Thursday, March 24, 2011 Sponsored by the Department
More informationA SPEECH BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE BANK OF GHANA AT THE LAUNCH OF THE COLLATERAL REGISTRY GHANA
A SPEECH BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE BANK OF GHANA AT THE LAUNCH OF THE COLLATERAL REGISTRY GHANA Honourable Minister of Finance and Economic Planning, Your Lorships (Justices of the Superior Courts), Your
More informationANALYSIS OF TURKEY S CURRENT POLITICAL ISSUES. AUTHOR Ali KOCA
ANALYSIS OF TURKEY S CURRENT POLITICAL ISSUES AUTHOR Ali KOCA December 2014 Since the Turkish Republic was established, Peace at home, peace in the world principle has always constituted the basis of Turkish
More informationSCREENING CHAPTER 20 ENTERPRISE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY AGENDA ITEM XII: CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
Country Session: CONTENT - Overview - Policy Documents - Legal Framework - Institutions Involved - Consultation Mechanisms - Future Plans 2 Overview Share in the Economy SCREENING CHAPTER 20 2003 2004
More informationREACT XIX EDITION. Experts in Rapid Co-operation and Assistance for Conflict Prevention Operations, Crisis Management and Post Conflict Rehabilitation
May 2014 REACT XIX EDITION Pursue a career with international organizations Experts in Rapid Co-operation and Assistance for Conflict Prevention Operations, Crisis Management and Post Conflict Rehabilitation
More informationPublic Finance and Expenditure Management Law
Public Finance and Expenditure Management Law Chapter one General provisions Article one. The basis This law has been enacted in consideration of Article 75, paragraph 4 of the Constitution of Afghanistan
More informationEmergency Management in Turkey Adil Özdemir
Adil Özdemir Turkey has been exposed to natural disasters throughout history. The main sources of these natural disasters have been earthquakes, floods, erosion and avalanches. Disaster response policies
More informationTITLE and AFFILIATION: EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, TURKISH HERITAGE ORGANIZATION (THO)
NAME: ALI CINAR TITLE and AFFILIATION: EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, TURKISH HERITAGE ORGANIZATION (THO) COMMITTEE: HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, EURASIA AND EMERGING THREATS
More informationEnergy Security: Role of Regional Cooperation
Energy Security: Role of Regional Cooperation Traian Chebeleu Today s Conference is dedicated to a topic that has deeply preoccupied the governments and the business communities in the Emerging Europe,
More informationThe Strategic Importance of Morocco and the Mediterranean Region
The Strategic Importance of Morocco and the Mediterranean Region By Edward M. Gabriel, Ambassador of the United States to the Kingdom of Morocco [The following is a reprint of the speech given before the
More informationAcademic Standards for Civics and Government
Academic Standards for June 1, 2009 FINAL Elementary Standards Grades 3-8 Pennsylvania Department of Education These standards are offered as a voluntary resource for Pennsylvania s schools and await action
More informationCHAPTER 74:06 BOTSWANA AGRICULTURAL MARKETING BOARD ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Preliminary
SECTION CHAPTER 74:06 BOTSWANA AGRICULTURAL MARKETING BOARD ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Preliminary 1. Short title 2. Interpretation PART II Establishment of the Board 3. Establishment of Board 4. Membership
More informationCEAS ANALYSIS. of the Law on Amendments of the Law on the Security Intelligence Agency
CEAS ANALYSIS of the Law on Amendments of the Law on the Security Intelligence Agency Belgrade, July 2014. CEAS is supported by the Rockefeller Brother s Fund The views and analysis in this report do not
More informationRelated Provisions of the United States Criminal Code. Use of The American National Red Cross in Aid of the Armed Forces
CONTENTS Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9 Section 10 Section 11 Section 12 Section 13 Organization Purposes Membership and chapters Board of Governors
More informationTHE EUROPEAN CONVENTION THE SECRETARIAT. Brussels, 26 May 2003 (OR. fr) CONV 724/03 VOLUME 1. COVER NOTE from : Praesidium
THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION THE SECRETARIAT Brussels, 26 May 2003 (OR. fr) CONV 724/03 VOLUME 1 COVER NOTE from : Praesidium to : Convention Nos prev. docs : CONV 528/03, CONV 571/03, CONV 579/03, CONV 602/03,
More informationSTATUTES THE MAGYAR NEMZETI BANK CONSOLIDATED WITH CHANGES
Non-official translation STATUTES OF THE MAGYAR NEMZETI BANK CONSOLIDATED WITH CHANGES Chapter 1 COMPANY DATA 1.1 Name of the company: Magyar Nemzeti Bank (hereinafter referred to as MNB ) In accordance
More informationOne Hundred Ninth Congress of the United States of America
S. 2125 One Hundred Ninth Congress of the United States of America AT THE SECOND SESSION Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, the third day of January, two thousand and six An Act To promote
More informationBSC. Planning for the Berlin Security Conference 2016 Review 2015. Europe at risk what are our answers to common threats? Berlin Security Conference
BSC Berlin Security Conference 1 5 t h C o n g r e s s o n E u r o p e a n S e c u r i t y a n d Defenc e e Europe at risk what are our answers to common threats? Planning for the Berlin Security Conference
More informationThe Double Democratic Deficit Parliamentary Accountability and the Use of Force under International Auspices
The Double Democratic Deficit Parliamentary Accountability and the Use of Force under International Auspices Hans Born, Senior Fellow, DCAF Geneva Brussels, 29 April 2004 Presentation given at the Book
More informationJersey: for Trusts. Jersey s finance industry provides the highest standards of administration for trust structure
Jersey: for Trusts Jersey s finance industry provides the highest standards of administration for trust structure Jersey for Trusts Jersey A leading international financial centre Jersey is a leading international
More informationRwanda. Strategy for Sweden s development cooperation with 2015 2019 MFA
MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SWEDEN UTRIKESDEPARTEMENTET Strategy for Sweden s development cooperation with Rwanda 2015 2019 MFA 103 39 Stockholm Telephone: +46 8 405 10 00, Web site: www.ud.se Cover:
More informationINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SUSTAINABLE DISARMAMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE BRUSSELS CALL FOR ACTION. 13 October 1998, Brussels, Belgium
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SUSTAINABLE DISARMAMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE BRUSSELS CALL FOR ACTION 13 October 1998, Brussels, Belgium The international Conference on Sustainable Disarmament for
More informationBRUNEI DARUSSALAM'S SECURITY CONCEPTS AND PERCEPTIONS
ARF WORKSHOP 21-22 JUNE 2005 ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM'S SECURITY CONCEPTS AND PERCEPTIONS Overall, Brunei Darussalam security assessment remains peaceful and stable. However, the range of
More informationThe ICRC Corporate Support Group. An exclusive partnership with selected companies. Help today, make a commitment to tomorrow.
The ICRC Corporate Support Group An exclusive partnership with selected companies Help today, make a commitment to tomorrow. 1859 1861 1864 1900 1914 1918 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1949 1967 1970
More informationm a s t e r o f s c i e n c e i n
m a s t e r o f s c i e n c e i n Global affairs The M.S. in Global Affairs is the flagship graduate program of the Center for Global Affairs (CGA), ranked by the Foreign Policy Association in 2010 and
More informationTHE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT The political institutions of the United Kingdom are divided into the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. The last of these will be developed
More informationDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR-LESTE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR-LESTE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT LAW No. /2003 INTERNAL SECURITY Ensuring internal security constitutes a pre-condition for safeguarding the peace and stability of any sovereign country
More informationJimmy Carter 1977-1981
Jimmy Carter 1977-1981 Background James Earl Jimmy Carter Jr. was born October 1, 1924 In 2002, he received the Nobel Peace Prize. He was the only president to do so after serving as president. He was
More informationCRC/C/OPAC/NLD/CO/1. Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPAC/NLD/CO/1 Distr.: General 5 June 2015 ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Original: English Committee on the Rights of the Child Concluding observations
More informationHow To Run A National Museum
KENYA THE NATIONAL MUSEUMS ACT Commencement: 21 St January,1983 An Act of Parliament to provide for the establishment, control, management and development of National Museums and for connected purposes
More informationAFRICAN CHARTER ON DEMOCRACY, ELECTIONS AND GOVERNANCE
0 AFRICAN CHARTER ON DEMOCRACY, ELECTIONS AND GOVERNANCE 1 AFRICAN CHARTER ON DEMOCRACY, ELECTIONS AND GOVERNANCE PREAMBLE We, the Member States of the African Union (AU); Inspired by the objectives and
More informationHUMANITARIAN. Food 11. Health 4 Shelter 4 Other 7 OECD/DAC
#094 DENMARK Group 1 PRINCIPLED PARTNERS OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE HRI 2011 Ranking 2nd 0.90% AID of GNI of ODA P4 6.2% US $32 6.95 P5 7.62 7.12 7.49 P3 7.90 P1 5.35 P2 Per person AID DISTRIBUTION
More informationExternal Grant Committee Meeting 8 April 2014 Agenda Item No.: 3
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS File No.: 46.H.5.NIRAS.2013-15. Department for Stabilization and Security Policy External Grant Committee Meeting 8 April 2014 Agenda Item No.: 3 1. Title: Peace and Stabilisation
More informationRefugees around the World and in Turkey
Refugees around the World and in Turkey UNHCR Istanbul Field Office Refugees around the World General Refugees around the World General Refugees around the World Syria Refugees around the World The Syrian
More informationGREECE S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY By George A. Papandreou 1
GREECE S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY By George A. Papandreou 1 Abstract Greece is committed to embracing all those nations who strive for democracy within their frontiers, and peaceful cooperation
More informationPOSTAL ADDRESS-ADRESSE POSTALE: UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. 10017 CABLE ADDRESS -ADRESSE TELEGRAPHIQUE: UNATIONS NEWYORK
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES POSTAL ADDRESS-ADRESSE POSTALE: UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. 10017 CABLE ADDRESS -ADRESSE TELEGRAPHIQUE: UNATIONS NEWYORK 15 January 2016 Excellency, Further to the joint letter of
More informationPUBLIC SERVICE ACT 2005. An Act to make provision in respect of the public service of Lesotho and for related matters. PART I - PRELIMINARY
PUBLIC SERVICE ACT 2005 An Act to make provision in respect of the public service of Lesotho and for related matters. Enacted by the Parliament of Lesotho Short title and commencement PART I - PRELIMINARY
More informationEUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS OFFICE
Mrs Laimdota Straujuma Prime Minister of Latvia Brīvības Boulevard 36 LV-1520 Riga Latvia EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS OFFICE Our Ref: B1640 Dear Prime Minister AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL S RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE
More informationNaif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS): Pursuing excellence in security science education and research
Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine 2014; Volume 1 Issue (0), 5-11 5 Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine www.nauss.edu.sa
More informationUSAID Management Operations Council Charter
USAID Management Operations Council Charter Version 1.0 Date: August 1, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1 PURPOSE... 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE... 1 1.3 SCOPE... 1 2. OVERVIEW OF THE MOC... 1 2.1 MOC
More informationThe Changing Face of Aid Part 2: The 21 st Century Development Professional of the Future
SID-Washington Chapter Event: The Changing Face of Aid Part 2: The 21 st Century Development Professional of the Future Date: Wednesday, June 24, 2015 ocation: Time: 9:00 10:30 p.m. SID-Washington, 1101
More informationView more Country Profiles on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org
Environmental Institutions and Governance-- Kuwait Governance Indices Freedom House Indices {a}, 21 Level of Freedom (free, partly free, not free) Kuwait Political Rights (1=most free, 7=least free) 4
More informationArab revolutions: Why West was caught off-guard
Arab revolutions: Why West was caught off-guard In early November, Mondial interviewed Ziad Abdel Samad, Executive Director of the Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND, based in Beirut). ANND is a regional
More informationResolution 1244 (1999) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4011th meeting, on 10 June 1999
Resolution 1244 (1999) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4011th meeting, on 10 June 1999 The Security Council, Bearing in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and
More informationBOARD OF AUDITORS ANNUAL REPORT TO THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS
BOARD OF AUDITORS ANNUAL REPORT TO THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS for the period ended 31 December 2015 Board of Auditors European Stability Mechanism 2 1. INTRODUCTION The Board of Auditors of the European Stability
More informationMulticultural Council of Tasmania GUIDE FOR MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Multicultural Council of Tasmania CONTENTS GUIDE FOR MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS (February 2013) 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. OUR ORGANISATION 2 2.1 Purpose and aims of MCOT 2.2 Organisational status and funding
More informationThe Role of the Public Service
January 30, 2001 Presentation by Dr. Canton Davis, Cabinet Secretary and head of the public service to the second batch of recruits for the Immigration Division at the Police Academy The Role of the Public
More informationFOR ASIAN-PACIFIC SENIOR OFFICERS. General information
CESEDEN 2 nd HIGH DEFENCE STUDIES COURSE FOR ASIAN-PACIFIC SENIOR OFFICERS General information MAY 2013 SPANISH HIGHER DEFENCE STUDIES COLLEGE GENERAL INFORMATION 1. BACKGROUND As a result of Spain s interest
More informationThe Asian Event Dedicated to Homeland and Civil Security
The Asian Event Dedicated to Homeland and Civil Security In a market with strong needs in security matters, Asia Pacific Homeland Security responds to the expectations of governments, urban local administrations,
More informationLAW NO. 40/2006 OF 25 AUGUST 2006 LAW ON THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE OF THE PROTOCOL OF THE PORTUGUESE STATE
LAW NO. 40/2006 OF 25 AUGUST 2006 LAW ON THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE OF THE PROTOCOL OF THE PORTUGUESE STATE Pursuant to Article 161 c) of the Constitution, the Assembly of the Republic decrees the following:
More informationThe London Conference on Afghanistan 4 December 2014. Afghanistan and International Community: Commitments to Reforms and Renewed Partnership
Communiqué The London Conference on Afghanistan 4 December 2014 Afghanistan and International Community: Commitments to Reforms and Renewed Partnership 1. We, the National Unity Government of the Islamic
More informationCASE STUDY. Sending a Message of Accountability: SMS Helps Improve Services after Pakistan Floods
CASE STUDY Sending a Message of Accountability: SMS Helps Improve Services after Pakistan Floods About FrontlineSMS FrontlineSMS is open-source SMS-messaging software that runs on a laptop connected to
More informationDEBT MANAGEMENT OFFICE (ESTABLISHMENT, ETC.) ACT
DEBT MANAGEMENT OFFICE (ESTABLISHMENT, ETC.) ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Preliminary SECTION 1. Short title. 2. Commencement. 3. Interpretation. PART II Establishment of the Debt Management Office,
More informationMurray Weidenbaum Washington University April 2012
Murray Weidenbaum Washington University April 2012 CONCERNS ABOUT THINK TANKS... the new think tanks have abandoned the tradition of detached scholarship. The once civil and scholarly exchanges of ideas
More informationA CHARTER OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY. Foreword
A CHARTER OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY 28 October 1995 Foreword In a speech to the European Parliament on March 8th, 1994, the poet Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic, indicated the need for a Charter
More informationRevised May 2007. Corporate Governance Guideline
Revised May 2007 Corporate Governance Guideline Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. PURPOSES OF GUIDELINE 1 3. APPLICATION AND SCOPE 2 4. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS 2 5. FRAMEWORK USED BY CENTRAL BANK
More informationPublic Debt and Cash Management
Federation of European Accountants Federation of European Accountants Fédération Fédération des Experts des Experts comptables comptables Européens Européens Public Sector Public Debt and Cash Management
More informationSenate Bill No. 466 CHAPTER 489
Senate Bill No. 466 CHAPTER 489 An act to amend Sections 2701, 2708, and 2786 of, to add Sections 2718 and 2786.1 to, and to repeal Section 2736.5 of, the Business and Professions Code, relating to nursing.
More informationSIERRA LEONE UPDATES FROM THE INSTANBUL PRIORITY AREAS OF ACTION
SIERRA LEONE UPDATES FROM THE INSTANBUL PRIORITY AREAS OF ACTION 1 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION Recent Developments Istanbul Priority Areas of Action Poverty Levels Agenda for Prosperity Challenges Conclusion
More informationCash transfer programming and the humanitarian system
March 2015 Cash transfer programming and the humanitarian system Background Note for the High Level Panel on Humanitarian Cash Transfers Paul Harvey and Sarah Bailey This background note aims to sketch
More informationCountry Profile. Ethiopia
Country Profile Ethiopia November 2011 The Fund for Peace is an independent, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) non-profit research and educational organization that works to prevent violent conflict and promote sustainable
More informationIslam and democracy in Jokowi s Indonesia: perceptions, reality and context
Islam and democracy in Jokowi s Indonesia: perceptions, reality and context THE COMPLEMENTARY PARTNERSHIP The importance of the complementary relationship between Indonesia& Australia to achieve sustainable
More informationDRAFT GUIDELINES ON DECENTRALISATION AND THE STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES
DRAFT GUIDELINES ON DECENTRALISATION AND THE STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES 1 INTRODUCTION Sustainable human settlements development can be achieved through the effective decentralization of responsibilities,
More informationNorth Carolina Essential Standards Seventh Grade Social Studies
North Carolina s Focus: Time Period: World Geography, History and Culture: Patterns of Continuity and Change The Great Global Convergence (1400-1800) to the Present - Represents the last five Eras of the
More information1 L.R.O. 2002 Agricultural Development Fund CAP. 252B AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT FUND
1 L.R.O. 2002 Agricultural Development Fund CAP. 252B CHAPTER 252B AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT FUND ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS SECTION 1. Short title. 2. Purposes of the Act. 3. Establishment of the Fund. 4.
More informationEighth UNCTAD Debt Management Conference
Eighth UNCTAD Debt Management Conference Geneva, 14-16 November 2011 Debt Resolution Mechanisms: Should there be a Statutory Mechanism for Resolving Debt Crises? by Mr. Hakan Tokaç Deputy Director General
More informationHow To Get A Security Degree In Australia
Security and intelligence postgraduate 2015 INNOVATIVE AND CUTTING-EDGE PROFESSIONAL DEGREES THAT COMBINE THEORY WITH POLICY AND PRACTICE IN COUNTER TERRORISM, INTELLIGENCE, SECURITY AND STRATEGIC POLICING.
More informationCentral bank corporate governance, financial management, and transparency
Central bank corporate governance, financial management, and transparency By Richard Perry, 1 Financial Services Group This article discusses the Reserve Bank of New Zealand s corporate governance, financial
More informationActive Engagement, Modern Defence - Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1010
1 Modern security environment contains a broad and evolving set of challenges to the security of NATO s territory and populations. In order to assure their security, the Alliance must and will continue
More informationBOARD OF AUDITORS Annual Report to the Board of Governors. for the period from 8 October 2012 (date of inauguration)
BOARD OF AUDITORS Annual Report to the Board of Governors for the period from 8 October 2012 (date of inauguration) to 31 December 2012 1. Introduction The Board of Auditors of the European Stability Mechanism
More informationUsing More for More: Incentivising Peace in the EU s Neighbourhood Policy
Using More for More: Incentivising Peace in the EU s Neighbourhood Policy Prevention of conflict is one of the key objectives of EU external action as set out in the Lisbon Treaty and as repeatedly stated
More informationA Guide to Corporate Governance for QFC Authorised Firms
A Guide to Corporate Governance for QFC Authorised Firms January 2012 Disclaimer The goal of the Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority ( Regulatory Authority ) in producing this document is to provide
More informationNorwegian Financial Mechanism Memorandum of Understanding Hungary MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NORWEGIAN FINANCIAL MECHANISM 2009 2014 between THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY hereinafter referred to as the Beneficiary State and THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY,
More informationPROHIBITION OF MERCENARY ACTIVITIES AND PROHIBITION AND REGULATION OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES IN AREAS OF ARMED CONFLICT BILL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA PROHIBITION OF MERCENARY ACTIVITIES AND PROHIBITION AND REGULATION OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES IN AREAS OF ARMED CONFLICT BILL (As introduced in the National Assembly as a section 75
More informationResults of Palestinian Public Opinion Poll No 25 22-24 January 2006
An-Najah National University Center for Opinion Polls and Survey Studies Tel: (972) (9) 2345113 Fax: (972)(9) 2345982 Nablus Palestinian: P.O.Box 7, 707 Email: Polls@najah.edu hussein596@yahoo.com Results
More informationKEYNOTE SPEECH BY H.E. AHMET DAVUTOĞLU PRIME MINISTER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
KEYNOTE SPEECH BY H.E. AHMET DAVUTOĞLU PRIME MINISTER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY HIGH LEVEL EVENT ON THE WORLD HUMANITARIAN SUMMIT HUMANITARIAN ACTION: A FORWARD-LOOKING AGENDA 70 TH SESSION OF THE UNITED
More informationInternational emergency response
International emergency response Mission: RedR Australia relieves suffering in disasters by selecting, training and providing competent and committed personnel to humanitarian relief agencies worldwide.
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 4761st meeting, on 22 May 2003
United Nations S/RES/1483 (2003) Security Council Distr.: General 22 May 2003 Resolution 1483 (2003) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4761st meeting, on 22 May 2003 The Security Council, Recalling
More informationISSUES PAKISTAN'S ECONOMY S. AKBAR ZAIDI SECOND EDITION REVISED AND EXPANDED OXTORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
ISSUES IN PAKISTAN'S ECONOMY SECOND EDITION REVISED AND EXPANDED S. AKBAR ZAIDI OXTORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First E d i t i o n.... Introduction Chapter 1 Assessing
More informationHow To Study Political Science At Pcj.Edu
Political Science Courses-1 American Politics POL 110/American Government Examines the strengths and weaknesses, problems and promise of representative democracy in the United States. Surveys the relationships
More informationREPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Act No. 16 of 2004
Legal Supplement Part A to the Trinidad and Tobago Gazette, Vol. 43, No. 102, 17th June, 2004 Legal Supplement Part A to the Trinidad and Tobago Second Session Eighth Parliament Republic of Trinidad and
More informationreflected and translated into policy orientations and priorities as well strategy documents and a management plan.
ECHO s main mission is to fund the co-ordinated delivery of Community humanitarian assistance and protection through partner humanitarian organisations in order to save and preserve life, reduce or prevent
More informationU.S. POLICY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION
U.S. POLICY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION From the U.S. point of view, NATO is and will remain the premier provider of security for the Euro-Atlantic region, which includes the Black Sea. Far from seeking to
More informationGAO COMBATING TERRORISM. Observations on Options to Improve the Federal Response. Testimony
GAO For Release on Delivery Expected at 3:00 p.m. Tuesday, April 24, 2001 United States General Accounting Office Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency
More informationFACT SHEET BAS AGENTS - NEW TAX AGENT REGIME WHO CAN PROVIDE BAS SERVICES UNDER THE OLD REGIME?
BAS AGENTS - NEW TAX AGENT REGIME REGISTRATION WHO CAN PROVIDE BAS SERVICES UNDER THE OLD REGIME? Under the old regime only certain entities can provide BAS services, those were: A member (except a student
More informationMr. Chairman, Mr. President, distinguished Governors, ladies and gentlemen,
Statement by Mr. Jun AZUMI, Minister of Finance of Japan, at the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Asian Development Bank (Manila, Philippines, May 4, 2012) 1. Introduction Mr.
More informationEvidence of English language skills: Guidance for European doctors applying for a licence to practise
Evidence of English language skills: Guidance for European doctors applying for a licence to practise 1 The GMC (Licence to Practise and Revalidation) Regulations Order of Council Consolidated (the Regulations)
More informationFull Time JD/MA Int l Studies Recommended Degree Plan
Full Time JD/MA Int l Studies Recommended Degree Plan 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year Fall Semester (JD) Spring Semester (JD) Fall Quarter Winter Quarter Spring Quarter Fall Qtr/Fall Sem Winter Qtr/
More informationInternational Republican Institute: Turkish Public Opinion Survey May 8 16, 2010. Harris Interactive
International Republican Institute: Turkish Public Opinion Survey May 8 16, 2010 Harris Interactive 1 Methodology This report is a summary of data from a survey conducted May 8 16, 2010 by Infakto Research
More informationCyber Security Strategy of Georgia
Cyber Security Strategy of Georgia 1 1. Introduction The Government of Georgia publishes its Cyber Security Strategy for the first time. Large-scale cyber attacks launched by Russia against Georgia in
More informationSecurity Unit Appeal 2012 - MAA00026 Mid-Year Report
- MAA00026 Mid-Year Report This report covers the period 01/January/2012 to 01/July/2012. Overview By John Dyer, IFRC, SouthSudan Over recent years, the IFRC has continued to respond to an increased number
More informationDRAFT SOCIAL STUDIES Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE) American Government/Civics
DRAFT SOCIAL STUDIES American Government/Civics American Government/Civics The government course provides students with a background in the philosophy, functions, and structure of the United States government.
More informationTHE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2005
TO BE INTRODUCED IN THE RAJYA SABHA Bill No. CXXV of 2005 THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2005 A BILL further to amend the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. BE it enacted by Parliament
More informationTHE WESTERN BALKANS LEGAL BASIS OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND INSTRUMENTS
THE WESTERN BALKANS The EU has developed a policy to support the gradual integration of the Western Balkan countries with the Union. On 1 July 2013, Croatia became the first of the seven countries to join,
More informationBingham Centre Myanmar Project: Constitutional Transitions and the Role of the Military
Bingham Centre Myanmar Project: Constitutional Transitions and the Role of the Military Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law November 2014 www.binghamcentre.biicl.org 1 2 Andrew McLeod, Research Fellow,
More information