SECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING

Transcription

1 SECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING Simón Ramos Sierra AVSEC trainer certified Jefe Departamento Formación

2 Unit 1: PURPOSE AND REFERENCE NORMATIVE 1.1. Purpose of the Airport Security 1.2. Reference Normative TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit 2: AIRPORT SECURITY 2.1. Definition 2.2. Elements Unit 3: UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE ACTS 3.1. Definition 3.2. Airport Security against unlawful interference acts 3.3. Security inspections and surveillance 3.4. Importance of communication and teamwork between all the entities involved. Unit 4: ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY 4.1. National and International Unit 5: DEFINITION OF AIRPORT 5.1. Definition of all the security areas and all the requirements when accessing to each area 5.2. Moving through the airport to fulfill airport security obligations Unit 6: ACREDITATIONS AND AUTHORIZATIONS 6.1. Definition 6.2. Types and aims. Validity areas 6.3. Rules of usage. Non-compliance and outcome. Unit 7: SECURITY CONTROLS 7.1. Types 7.2. Human Resources 7.3. Material Resources People who must go through them. Unit 8: FORBIDDEN OBJECTS 8.1. Forbidden objects list 8.2. Exemptions (tools) Unit 9: COLLABORATION WITH THE AIRPORT 9.1. How to act in case of bomb alert or personal threat How to act in case of suspicious object on the ground. Page 1

3 Unit 1: AIM AND REFERENCE NORMATIVE 1.1. PURPOSE OF THE SECURITY The main purpose of the Airport Security is to ensure protection to passengers, crews, general public, ground staff, aircrafts and its setting-ups against unlawfull interference acts done at ground or airborne by keeping national and international air traffic regularity and efficiency. In order to achieve this goal a group of rules are stablished and are intended to do all the needed meassures, methods and proccedures. These rules are mandatory, with all the corresponding responsabilities and limits, for every national airport and heliport with commercial flights, for every aiprort setting-up, for all Air Navigation units, for all the companies and for all the staff related to aircrafts. Although many unlawful interference acts had been done before this date: On the 11st of September 2001 the most important assault in World aviation history was made deaths. About wounded. More than people involved in the rescue mission. 7 buildings were destroyed and 25 suffered severe damage in Manhattan. Economic impact: around millon euros. Maximum loss in Stock Market: 14,03% Just 19 terrorists acted directly. Page 2

4 Source: ICAO Page 3

5 1.2. REFERENCE NORMATIVE They are the different group of mandatory laws, rules, proccedures and so on. They can be classified in: International Normative European Normative National Normative Page 4

6 International Normative: ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization. They establish mandatory standards. All the contracting countries must notify any difference with their National normative. a) Annex 17: Standards and recommended practices about Civil Aviation Security. (Amendment 11, April 2006). It is the Worldwide framework in Security and it designes a structure and worlwide meassures. b) DOC. 8973: Security manual to protect Civil Aviation. Proccedures and training texts about Aeronutic Security (It consits of 5 volumes) RESTRICTED European Normative: EU: European Union. It establishes mandatory rules. a) Regulation (CE) 300/08 Common Rules for Civil Aviation Security. (Framework Regulation) b) Regulation (CE) 185/10 It establishes detailed meassures for basic common rules. c) Other Regulations: 357/10; 358/10; 573/10; 334/11; 983/10; 72/10, and so on. d) Contracting countries decision: Regulation 185/10 Restringed rules. ECAC: European Conference for Civil Aviation. It establishes recommendations. a) DOC. 30 Part I. Aviation facility recommendations. (edition 11, December 2009). Based on Annex 9 of ICAO, it develops all the recommendations in order to improve the Facility by collaborating between all the contracting countries. b) DOC. 30 Part II. Recommendations to avoid unlawful acts (edition 13, May 2010). Based on the Annex 17 of ICAO, it develops all the reccomendations to avoid unlawful acts by collaborating between all the contracting countries. RESTRINGED- Page 5

7 National Normative: a) Security National Program (PNS). Aproved by Gabinet Council Agreement on 5th of May It establishes all the needed organization, methods and procedures to ensure protection to passengers, crews, general public, ground staff, aircrafts, airports and its setting-ups against unlawful protection acts. b) National Training Program (PNF). It establishes all the requierements needed in training that allow the Authority to control all the staff involved in the Airport activity. c) National Quality Program (PNC). It checks that all the the security measures for aviation are correctly applied according to what PNS explains. d) Royal Decree 550/2006. The competent Authority is appointed. e) Air Security Law 21/2003 Page 6

8 Unit 2: AIRPORT SECURITY DEFINITION It is the protection of Aviation against unlawful interference acts by means of a combination between a group of measures, material and human resources. (Definition from Annex 17 of ICAO). In order to achieve this AIM (avoid unlawful interference acts), it is neccesary to conflate all the elements involved in an efficient way. (NORMATIVE HUMAN RESOURCES MATERIAL RESOURCES) Page 7

9 2.2. AGENTS INVOLVED IN THE AIRPORT SECURITY ESPECIFIC NORMATIVE QUALIFIED STAFF SUITABLE PROCEDURES AND PROPER MATERIAL RESOURCES INVOLVEMENT AND TEAMWORK BETWEEN ALL THE AIRPORT EMPLOYEES Page 8

10 Unit 3: UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE ACTS 3.1. DEFINITION It is the act, or just intention, of endangering the civil aviation and air tranport security. Its main target is any aircraft or airport installation. Unlawful interference acts against aircrafts ashore or airborne, Kidnappings in the aircrafts or at the airports, Attacks and sabotage of installations, Forced intrusion in an aircraft or airport, Inserting guns or dangerous devices in an aircraft with criminal purpose, Giving false information that endangers safety AIRPORT SECURITY AGAINST UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE ACTS Airport security tries to avoid unlawful interference acts against aircrafts or airport installations by using all the available means (human and material). When planning an airport installation, all the airport security requirements should be taken into account in order to prevent anybody uncontrolled access to this place, and specially to any aircraft. It should be taken into account: a) Perimeter fence: It must clearly determine the operations area and endow it with all the neccesary technical means in order not to be gone through (alarms, CCTV, access gates and so on). Page 9

11 b) Access controls: for passengers, airport staff and aircraft crews. They should be endowed propertly in an effcient way. c) Vehicles controls: In order to inspect all the vehicles, all the occupants and its load. d) Surveillance and security patrols: They must continuously and random patrol all the airport units indoor and outdoor. Page 10

12 e) Aircrafts security: All the aircrafts must be protected with special measures in order to prevent any intrusion who may introduce any forbidden object or try to threaten the aircraft safety while airborne. All the ashore aircrafts that are empty must have all their doors closed. The companies must ensure their aircrafts from any unauthorized person who tries to enter. f) Baggage control: Hand baggage as well as checked-in baggage that will be carried in the plane cellar must be inspected as each one corresponds. g) Baggage and passengers protection (controversial passengers): There are specific procedures in order to ensure passengers and their belongings when they are waiting for boarding. There are some other specific procedures for controversial passengers who may endanger a flight. Page 11

13 h) Mail and cargo: Air goods and airmail have special procedures to ensure civil aviation as well. i) Provisions and supplies: those provisions and supplies on board the aircrafts have also specific procedures for inspection so that any forbidden object may be introduced camouflaged. j) General aviation and Executive aviation: Non commercial flights, private flights, sport flights, air taxis and so on. They have to pass security measures as well although in some cases are a bit different from commercial flights. They usually operate in specific airports or specific areas of the most important airports. Page 12

14 3.3. SECURITY INSPECTIONS AND SURVEILLANCE The main purpose of the Security inspections is allowing people, who just really have a reason, to access to Restringed Area (passengers, crews, police who have their jobs at the airport, employees and authorized visits and so on) and avoid them to introduce any forbidden object to this area as stated in the normative. In Spain, that is Guardia Civil responsibility. In order to carry out this task, they have the support of private Security engaged by the managing airport IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION AND TEAMWORK BETWEEN ALL THE ENTITIES INVOLVED How can the airport employees help to avoid these kind of acts? It is really important the good communication and teamwork between all the entities involved in Security and the rest of staff. Every employee must be aware of the importance of communicating to Security Office or Security staff any suspicious act or behaviors. Obeying the airport rules, Being aware of any suspiciuos act, Finding out any vulnerability that could be taken advantage in order to do unlawful interfecence acts, Dissuading anybody from doing these acts. Special caution to suspicious objects Page 13

15 Unit 4: ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY 4.1. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL a) International: ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). It was created in Chicago agreement in 1944 and it is based in Montreal (Canada). It is composed by 190 countries (included Spain). Its basic structure is all the Annex and Manuals. USAP Program (security audits) that are mandatory for every contracting Country (Madrid- Barajas received it last one in 2007). Its main purpose is to to study the international civil aviation problems and propose all the international rules. ICAO LOGO ICAO IN MONTREAL Page 14

16 ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference). It was created in 1955 by European Council initiative. Its main purpose is to promote the continuous development of the Air transport in Europe in an efficient and safe way by creating common standards and agreements with other countries. Nowadays, it is composed by 44 European countries. They do audits in order to check the compliance degree of the Recommendations from DOC 30 volume II, which is voluntarily firmed by every country that wants to be done an audit. Once the audit has been carried out, all discrepancies found out are communicated. Any decision taken is not binding but advisory for the Governments. Nowadays, its tasks are carried out by the European Union by Common Right Laws. ECAC LOGO EU (European Union). It is a political community of Law created as an International Organization in order to promote the integration and common Government of all the European countries. It is composed by 27 countries and started on 1st November of 1993 when the European Union Treaty came into force. This Treaty is integration, not an adherence, which is the reason why all the member countries give part of their sovereignty to European common entities in order to legislate about sectorial policies, air traffic among them. Page 15

17 European Commission (EC). It is the European Union Executive body, in charge of Legislation proposals, implementation of decisions and defending all European Treaties. This commission proposes laws and both European Parliament and the Council approve them. Types of European normative: o Regulations: They are mandatory for all member countries once they have been published in the EU Official Journal as national law status. o Directives: They are binding for all member countries, but they give freedom to achieve these goals. o Decisions: They are mandatory, but not in general (administrative acts). o Dictum: Not binding. EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEADQUARTERS IN BRUSSELS (BELGIUM) MAIN EUROPEAN NORMATIVE ABOUT AIR TRAFFIC SECURITY: Regulation (EC) 300/2008, It modifies all the existing laws about Air Traffic Security in order to simplify and clarify them as well as raising security levels. It sets common basic standards about: o Access Control points, o Baggage and passengers inspection and control, o Provisions, mail and cargo controls, o Security measures in the flight, o Recuitment and training, o Security equipment. Regulation (EC) 185/2010, It establishes detailed measures for common basic security rules a accomplishment. All member countries have elaborated a Security National Program for Civil Aviation Security (SNP). On the other hand, every airport operator, every airline and any entity that applies air security rules, must have, and keep updated, a Security program to comply with the previous regulations. Additionally, every Page 16

18 member country must develop a National program of Civil Aviation Quality Control and enforce it, in order to monitor the measures implementation. Regulation (EC) 72/2010, It checks that the Security measures contained in the European Regulations are correctly applied. Under this regulation, the EC performs periodic audits. There are two kinds of audits: o Organizational, where the National Authority in terms of Security is audited, and o To airports, those are carried out without notice. In case that common basic rules established are not complied with, the EC will apply the Article number 15 which means that that airport is considered airport unsafe and this facts is communicated worldwilde and specially to the rest of EU airports in order they can take appropriate actions to the flights flying from that airport. b) National: AESA (Air Security National Agency). It was created with the Royal Decree 184/2008 with the approval of the legal status of Aesa. It holds its own legal personality different from countries status, management autonomy, legacy and own treasury. It has inspecting and sanctioning power in terms of civil aviation. It is run by Transport General Secretary of the Development Ministry. It may act directly or by means of other public entities (For example SENASA). It is regulated by Common Administrative procedure. Types of Aeronautic Inspections: o Normative Control: It checks the normative compliance, It warns and requests to make up for any deficiency or breach detected, It initiates disciplinaries files or administrative procedures. o Supervision: It checks that all requirements are fulfilled in order to get and renew licences, authorizations and certifications. AESA LOGO Page 17

19 AENA AEROPUERTOS. Aena was created by Law 4/1990 in General State Budgets and started to work in It is a Public Business Entity run by the Development Ministry with own legal personality, with public and private capability and own legacy. On behalf of the State, it manages the operation, the direction, coordination and administration of the airports of general interest and it has competence in air traffic and air navigation services supplier. By the Royal Decree- Law 13/2010, the function of airports management passed into Aena Aeropuertos SA, and air navigation management into Aena Ente Público Empresarial (although nowadays Tower Air Control services are shared with private operators). Among some of its functions, they develop security and order services in the installations they manage. AENA EPE LOGO AENA AEROPUERTOS SA LOGO State Security Forces (FFCCSE). In Spain, the military institutes of the State General Administration are the ones in charge of the public order and safety, and the investigation and prevention of crimes as well. They are run by the Home Ministry. Their functions are regulated in the Organic Law 2/1986. They are composed by: o Police National Force: They main function is to protect the free rights and ensure the citizens security. They have the responsibility of the security in the public areas of the airports, and documents and immigration control of the passengers. o Civil Guard: They are also in charge of protecting the free rights and ensuring the citizens security. They have the responsibility of the security in the Restringed areas of the airports, and customs control and fiscal control of the passengers. POLICE NATIONAL FORCE LOGO CIVIL GUARD LOGO In terms of Airport security, it is really important the cooperation between the Airport Management and the State Security Forces. Page 18

20 The airport authority regarding airport security is the Chairman of the Local Security Committee, a position that falls on the Director of each airport. The Local Security Committee has decision-making in the field of local competencies (within its airport), and is responsible for coordinating and implementing the security measures contained in the PNS between all organizations and entities present in the airport area. Page 19

21 Unit 5: DEFINITION OF AIRPORT 5.1. DEFINITION OF DELIMITED AREAS BY SECURITY AND REQUIREMENTS TO ACCESS TO EACH ONE An airport is the group of installations and ground surface ready for aircrafts landing and takeoff, for national and international air traffic where all necessary paperwork and procedures are carried out (customs, immigration, public health and so on). Depending on the security measures applied on each area, an airport is composed of: LANDSIDE AREA OF OPERATIONS PUBLIC AREA (ZP) CONTROLLED ACCESS AREA (ZAC) RESTRICTED SECURITY AREA (ZRS) CRITICAL SECURITY AREA (ZCS) a) Public Area (ZP). An area in an airport where everybody is able to access. For example check-in hall, areas before security controls. Page 20

22 b) Controlled Access Area (ZAC). Areas where only authorized people may access and it is not necessary to inspect them. For example, offices, some maintenance installations, arrival halls where passengers wait for their baggage and so on. c) Restricted Security Area (ZRS). Every area of an airport where in order to access you must be inspected. When this fact is not possible, a randomized security control will be carried out instead to people and their belongings and to every vehicle. For example: Areas where passengers are waiting for boarding, once they have passed the security control Areas where the inspected checked-in baggage are going round and about to board. Page 21

23 Aircrafts operations area (boarding or disembarking). d) Critical Security Area (ZCS). It is a particularly sensitive area belonging to the Restricted Security Area except the security controls and the boarding gates. 100% INSPECTION OF PEOPLE, OBJECTS AND VEHICLES It is really important to obey all the security regulations and to respect every single access. Every control check point is established in order to ensure the safety of all of us and to comply with the regulations GOING ROUND THE AIRPORT WHILE COMPLYING WITH SECURITY REGULATIONS. Who is authorized to access and who not? All the airport employees and crews must access to the different parts od the airport where they have authorization depending on the existing controls: Accesses to ZAC, only the indentification will be checked. Page 22

24 Acceses to ZRS and ZCS, in addition to checking everybody indentification, and inspection will be carried out to every person and his belongins at the Security controls. In ZCS the 100% will be inspected. Access Control + Security Control At the vehicles access controls, in addition to inspect and control people and their belongings, they will be registered with the load they transport. 100% in ZCS. Borderland of an airport: All the different parts or areas of an airport must be delimited and separated with security physical barriers. The security controls that allow access to differents areas must be delimited and signposted as well. Trying to reduce them as lowest as possible. The entire airport sirte must be fenced with a perimeter fence complying with specific requirements and periodic inspections. Page 23

25 OUTLINE OF THE SECURITY AREAS OF AN AIRPORT ZP ZAC ACESS CONTROL ZRS/ZC SECURITY CONTROL + ACCESS CONTROL WHEN PASSING THROUGH AN ACCESS AND CHECKING THAT NOBODY PASSES THORUGH WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION, IT IS A WAY OF COLLABORATION WITH THE SECURITY AIRPORT. Page 24

26 Unit 6: ACCREDITATIONS AND AUTHORIZATIONS 6.1. DEFINITION Airport accreditations are for people and airport authorizations for vehicles. ACCREDITATIONS AUTHORIZATIONS 6.2. TYPES AND PURPOSE. AREAS OF VALIDITY Accreditations. Any element (card, cardboard or sticker) that is used to identify that a person is authorized to access to some areas of the airport. It is granted and issued by the airport authority. They are just granted for the airports areas where the person must access because of his job, and not because os his rank. Types: RED: It authorizes to stay and access to Public areas and offices which are not in the ZRS of an airport. BLUE: It authorizes to stay and access to the established routes to established areas considered as controlled access. Page 25

27 YELLOW: Public areas and offices in controlled areas (baggage collection halls, parkings and so on...) Security Restricted Area located in the aeronautic zone, except for the baggage handling area and the operations area. WHITE: Public areas and offices in controlled areas (baggage collection halls, parkings and so on...) Security Restricted area located inside the terminal buildings. GREEN: It authorizes to stay and access to the entire airport except for the baggage handling areas (when it is determined in ZRS) and the operations area. WITH RED BAND: The green or yellow accreditations, in order to allow to stay in the baggage handling areas they must have a red band (in case they belong to the ZRS of an airport). This kind of authorization will be only given to staff whose job is specific of this zone. Page 26

28 PROVISIONAL: It authorizes an employee the access for maximum period of 6 months. It is imprinted with the letter P in the color whose access authorization corresponds. Accreditations for people accompanied (visits and operational reasons): Those persons who do not have an airport accreditation and must access to Controlled area or Restricted Area due to a visist or an operational reason, they must be ALWAYS accompanied. Visits: This accreditation will have a maximum validity of one day. These visits must be always accompanied by an authorized and accredited person. The visit accreditation will show the letter V. It will authorize to stay and access to those areas where the authorized companion can access. Operational reasons: This accreditation will always show the validity date. These people must be always accompanied by an authorized and accredited person. This accreditation will show the letter A. It will authorize to stay and access to those areas where the authorized companion can access. Companions must have a valid accreditation, being authorized by the Airport Authority, not to lose sight of his visit and to ensure that his visit meets the security measures Authorizations: Any element (card, cardboard or sticker) that is used to authorize a vehicle to access to some airport areas. It is granted and issued by the airport authority. Besides this authorization, it is also necessary that the driver has a special driving license for apron (PCP). Types of authorizations: GREEN: It is exclusively for Government agencies and the airport service provider use. It authorizes to access to the Aeronautic area of an airport except for the area of operations, unless it is authorized with the letter P (runways). Page 27

29 BLUE: It is exclusively for Government agencies and the airport service provider use. It forbids the access to the area of operations and the apron (its service ways included). YELLOW Letter R: It authorizes to access to the aircraft parking apron and the service area. Those vehicles which need access to the area of operations should take printed the letter P. This authorization to the area of operations will be restricted as much as possible. RED Letter S: It forbids the access to the Area of Operations and to the Apron (service runways included) PROVISIONAL: It is a provisional authorization for a maximum period of 24 hours. Letter P with the corresponding colour of the authorized area. Page 28

30 6.3. RULES OF USAGE. RESPONSIBILITES OF THE ACCREDITATIONS: It is untransferable and must be always visible. It does not authorize to drive vehicles. Every access must be closed after passing through. You must only access through the established ways. BANS ON THE ACCREDITATIONS: Accessing to areas where there is no authorization Facilitating the access to other people Accessing while trying to avoid a security Using an expired accreditation To fake an accreditation or using anybody s one The accreditation must be always shown, even with the National Identification Card (DNI), whenever the security forces and or the Security staff demand it, and in case of irregularity might be kept it in order to deliver it to the Security Office. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AUTHORIZATIONS of vehicles: It is untransferable It must be placed in the front of the vehicle It has nothing to do with the occupants accreditations BANS ON THE AUTHORIZATIONS of vehicles: Accessing to areas where there is no authorization Using it with another vehicle Using an expired authorization To fake it The Non-compliance of the rules may result with the temporary or permanent withdrawal of the accreditation/authorization, and even economic fines according to the Law 21/2003 of Air Security Page 29

31 Unit 7: SECURITY CONTROLS 7.1. TYPES OF SECURITY CONTROLS. What are they? And what do they consist of? Security Control is the use of different technologic and human means in order to avoid introducing forbidden objects that could be used for damaging people, aircrafts and any installation. Control Access: It is a point equipped with technical and/or human resources in order to allow access just to authorized people and vehicles. It may consist of an automatic card reader or, it may consist of a person in charge of checking the accreditations, o even both measures. Security Control: It is a point equipped with technical and human resources in order to avoid that any forbidden object will be introduced for making an unlawful act. Those airport employees (crews included) whose offices or places of work are situated in ZRS/ZCS, in addition of an access control, they must pass through a security control as well, and to allow that all his belongings are inspected. Page 30

32 Different types of security controls: a) Security controls for passengers. b) Security controls for employees and crews. c) Security controls for vehicules HUMAN RESOURCES Who makes the screening? The security controls are carried out by staff belonging to National Security Forces (Guardia Civil) and they are helped by Private Security Staff hired by the Airport Management. The responsibility always falls on Guardia Civil because any act out of the rutinary task belongs to National Public Security. Page 31

33 7.3. MATERIAL RESOURCES (Equipment in the security controls) There is a variety of technological equipment in order to detect forbidden objects in the Security controls. There is equipment for people, for hand-baggage, checked-in baggage, for vehicles for cargo and so on. The common ones are: Walk-through metal detection (WTMD): By means of electromagnetic impulses, they are able to detect metals carried by people. Page 32

34 X-Ray equipment for hand baggage: analysis equipment by means of x-rays for hand baggage that is transported in the cabin of an aircraft. Metal detector for shoes (SAMD): It is the same technology than the arches for people bus specific for shoes and the bottom part of the legs. Explosives trace detectors: Equipment able to analyze the particles emitted by objects and detect whether the objects have been in touch with explosive substances. Page 33

35 X-Ray equipment for freight: It is the same technology than the equipment for hand baggage but these machines are adapted for large cargo. Equipment for checked-in baggage: Some of them are based on tomography technology and are used for checked-in baggage inspection. They are able to detect explosive substances. Future equipment: Liquid inspection machines Personal Scanner is able to inspect without physical contact Page 34

36 7.4 PEOPLE FORCED TO PASS THROUGH A SECURITY CONTROL. In order to access to ZCS, 100% of people must pass through the security control (passengers, crew, employees visits and so on), their objects, 100% of the vehicles and their occupants and the load they carry. Besides, the 100% of checked-in baggage, 100% of cargo and 100% of mail transported in commercial flights. The only exception are the staff who belongs to National Security Forces and Police, but just when they are of service. Page 35

37 Unit 8: PROHIBITED ITEMS: Those terrorist attacks carried out on the 11th of September in 2001, changed definitely the Air Safety and Security. After this date, new regulations were approved. These regulations put a ban on flying with some objects, some of them might be harmless in any other place different from an airport or an aircraft; some other objects had been carried without any problem till that moment, but nowadays, they are considered a real threat. Due to this reason, we must get used not to carry them when we fly on an aircraft or get used to let them be inspected when we pass through a Security control. Nowadays in Europe, the Regulation (EC) 185/2010 published a detailed list of all the objetcs that are considered forbidden and which cannot be introduced in ZRS/ZCS and in the aircraft cabin (some of them cannot be carried even in the aircraft hold). The airport employees are only authorized to carry tools in just some necessary and indispensable cases in order to carry out their jobs. They are responsible of their custody. Page 36