2012 NORDIC HANDBOOK

Transcription

1 2012 NORDIC HANDBOOK

2 THE SCIENCE OF SKIING What drives innovation and progression? Inspiration? Desire to challenge the norms? For Madshus, it s an obsession with understanding the dynamics at play behind every piece of equipment and how it s used. Relating the science of skiing to the variables of product design has continually pushed Madshus to think outside the confines of traditional materials and processes. Knowing the science of skiing enables us to expand the horizons and possibilities of Nordic ski, boot and pole construction creating new standards for performance, comfort and fun for the next generation.

3 Madshus Through the Years Attention to detail has defined Madshus skis for over 100 years. From the bare hands construction in the beginning to today s finely-tuned production process, our dedication to selecting the highest quality materials and producing the finest skis has never wavered.

4 Martin Madshus starts manufacturing skis in his father s barn in Vardal Madshus wins its first Olympic medal no other ski manufacturer has won medals in as many different Olympic cities as Madshus. Increased demand for the skis leads the company to move to Gjøvik Madshus introduces the first glued sandwich construction skis. After a fire in Gjøvik, Madshus relocates to Lillehammer With years of ski manufacturing knowledge, Olympic medals take off with Madshus athletes, such as Simon Slåttvik Håkon Brusveen medals in the Olympics for Madshus Madshus moves to its current home in Biri, 20km south of Lillehammer Madshus begins fiberglass ski production Moelven Industries buys the Madshus factory in Biri Madshus introduces the doublebox concept for durable, reliable fiberglass construction Madshus buys Landsem s Norwegian ski factory Drawn to the engineering capabilities and innovations of Madshus, K2 purchases the company from Moelven, linking up the two ski manufacturers for alpine and Nordic.

5 First alpine ski production since Madshus introduces its first cap construction skis, with reduced weight and increased performance Thomas Alsgaard wins medals for Madshus in the Lillehammer Winter Olympic games, one of two gold medals for Madshus in their home country Madshus skis continue to grow, now sold in 17 countries Madshus becomes number two worldwide in Nordic sales At the Nagano Winter Olympic Games, Madshus wins 4 Gold, 4 Silver, and 1 Bronze medal With Nordic ski manufacturing increasing annually, Madshus ends alpine ski production to focus on its core business Madshus athletes Thomas Alsgaard and Engen Vik win World Cup overall in cross country and nordic combined The World Championships in Austria give Madshus skiers 3 Gold, 3 Silver and 1 Bronze medals Madshus introduces a new race skating ski with sidecut and 3-dimensional top surface for incredible response Madshus introduces 3D shaping to its new classic racing ski.

6 For maximum grip and glide, Madshus creates the MultiGrip Vario base pattern, with different zones for grip and transition in the classic stride Madshus wins 24 World Championship medals for its skis in cross country and biathlon, with by 3 Gold and 12 medals overall in the Valdi Fiemma Cross Country World Championships A fantastic year for Madshus athletes on the World Cup results in 63 first-place finishes, 39 second-place finishes, and 40 third-place finishes for Madshus Madshus storms through the World Championship Biathlon and Cross Country events with 11 Gold, 6 Silver and 6 Bronze medals To celebrate its 100-year anniversary, Madshus launches an innovative line of Nordic boots to accompany its renowned skis, and documents the brand s iconic history with its anniversary book Setting First Tracks The introduction of Madshus new boot line is proven at the Torino Winter Olympics, with a combine 50 medals on Madshus skis and boots Following up on the success of its boot launch, Madshus introduces a unique line of Nordic poles to become a complete Nordic equipment supplier of skis, boots, and poles. The line is once again incredibly successful at the World Championships in Antholz, where Madshus brings home 51 medals on Madshus skis, boots and poles, including its new top-end ski for the next year, the new Nanosonic.

7 Madshus athletes bring home Overall World Cup titles in several disciplines Michael Greis GER - Biathlon, Hannu Manninen FIN - Nordic Combined and Jerry Ahrlin SWE Worldloppet With 11 Gold medals on skis and 12 Gold medals on ski boots, Madshus takes 70% of the total number of medals in Biathlon Championships in Östersund Sweden Madshus athlete Ole Einar Bjoerndalen takes 4 Gold medals in Peyong Chang South Korea in an impressive performance for the brand, which counts 27 medals overall Madshus introduces a new camber control system in production that provides a new standard of consistency in production Madshus becomes the first manufacturer to remove PVC from its entire boot line, using softshell constructions to achieve unsurpassed fit and reducing impact on the winter environment. In skis, Madshus redefines innovation with new low-profile 3D skate and classic ski constructions, and introduces a series of Cross Country Downhill skis for touring and turning Madshus introduces a new tip splay technology that provides unprecedented glide and speed. A redesigned Nano Carbon 100 UHM Pole is introduced as the lightest and stiffest Nordic pole ever.

8 TAB The Nordic Skier

9 Nordic Techniques CLASSIC SKIING The classic style is the traditional technique for cross country or Nordic skiing. When skiing on prepared trails, long, narrow and light skis are generally used. When skiing away from prepared trails, a wider ski is sometimes used. Classic skis come with either waxable or waxless bases for grip and glide. SKATE SKIING Skate skiing or skating, involves the decisive weight transfer from one ski to the other similar to the movement of an ice skater. Skate skiing can be done either with skis specifically designed for skating or combi skis for both skating and classic styles. Similarly, specialized skating boots or combi boots can be used. Skate skis tend to be shorter and stiffer than those used for the classic technique and poles are longer. Neither waxless bases nor grip wax are used. Skating technique is only suitable for use on prepared tracks. Classic Skate

10 The Nordic Customer RACING The primary concern for both the Skating and Classic style racing skier is performance and there is no compromise to achieve it. They seek wellgroomed courses and their equipment is expressly designed for speed. This skier enjoys competitive fast-paced skiing over longer distances with an appreciation for fast, high-performance skis. Often this skier is also an avid cyclist and there exist many parallels between the avid cyclist and the race skier. Madshus Champion Series skis are the result of the cooperation between our top athletes, engineers and production staff to give you the best possible ski experience. Precision core shaping and innovative tip geometries complement specific base materials and finishes for efficient power transfer and the fastest performing skis on any kind of snow. SPORT/FITNESS These are Skating and Classic style skiers who are looking for performance in addition to control and comfort. Like the race skier, they will also use wellgroomed courses, seek performance equipment but are not regular competitors and are more value conscious. The sport/fitness customer is also analogous to the road biker and their apparel is likely more fitness oriented and looser than that of the racer. Madshus Race Performance skis offer highperformance racing designs with greater value for citizen race, active skiers, and dedicated training. Benefitting from the technologies developed with our World Cup athletes, the Race Performance skis use narrow racing shapes to provide speed, while specially designed sidecuts offer excellent stability on groomed tracks.

11 TOURING These skiers use classic waxable or waxless skis, generally sized in wider widths and shorter lengths for greater maneuverability, stability, grip, and comfort. They ski on surfaces ranging from packed trails or man-made tracks to flat or rolling terrain. This customer is not out for the competitive fitness aspect of skiing, but looks for the experience and joy of getting outside with comfort and ease. They look for product that blends both quality and good value. Madshus Touring Series skis are equally at home on groomed tracks and unprepared mountain trails. Their slightly wider widths provide stability, while Triaxial and Torsion Cap constructions provide reliability and safety. Bridging between classic Nordic skiing and Backcountry exploration, the Touring Series are versatile skis for those wanting to spend the day surrounded by nature. BACKCOUNTRY Using wider, longer, traditional length waxable and waxless skis, this customer requires float, grip and glide, without compromising control on the downhills. These skiers travel off piste in fresh or unpacked snow, with a focus on touring and covering distance, rather than turn-oriented skiing like Cross Country downhill or Alpine Touring. Frequently an outdoor customer like a hiker or backpacker, they enjoy the experience of being outside, communing with nature and exploring rolling terrain from a Nordic perspective. Madshus Backcountry Series skis are built to go outside the groomed tracks where skiers make their own trails. Their wider dimensions provide backcountry stability yet maintain moderate sidecut for a fast glide and easy touring. Steel edges provide added security on moderate inclines and difficult snow conditions.

12 CROSS COUNTRY DOWNHILL This skier seeks cross country skis designed to tour and turn with equal ability. The skis are shorter and wider, providing float, edges and sidecut for turning, but with waxless bases, cambers, and light weights to provide easy touring. These are backcountry customers who enjoy adventure skiing and are looking for a quiver ski like singletrack mountain biking for winter. They are looking to go up, down and anywhere in between. This customer will equip and dress themselves as most backcountry skiers do. Madshus Cross Country Downhill Series of skis will truly go anywhere. A hybrid design, Madshus Cross Country Downhill skis are the perfect bridge between Nordic kick and glide and downhill-oriented backcountry. They blend lightweight construction, waxless bases and cross country heritage with wider backcountry platforms, metal edges, special cambers and sidecuts for an optimal balance of tour and turn. Madshus Cross Country Downhill skis are the ultimate for lightweight touring and turning versatility.

13 TAB Camber and Flex

14 Keys to Nordic Performance CAMBER Is the shape of the ski from the side when placed on a flat surface. When placed on a flat surface, a cambered ski will touch at the tip and tail the bowed gap in the middle is referred to as the ski camber space. Primary Camber: Cross country skis have a larger bow in the middle of the ski. During the glide phase a ski s camber is evenly balanced; this allows for the tip and tail to contact the snow while the center kick or grip zone does not. Secondary Camber: When the Nordic skier transfers their weight to a ski, the camber compresses allowing the kick or grip zone to contact the snow and provide grip to propel the skier forward.

15 FLEX Refers to the stiffness of the ski s camber. The weight required to flatten out a skis camber is often used to define flex. Skating flex The appropriate flex for a skating ski is determined by three factors; snow conditions, skier weight, and skier ability. Soft flex A soft flexing ski is easier to flatten out and therefore more comfortable for a beginner skier, who will not need to place as much weight on the ski. Too soft of a ski will not be efficient and flatten out in hard conditions. Stiff flex A stiffer flexing ski is harder to flatten out but more responsive. A stiff ski is intended for a heavier or more powerful skier, however too stiff a ski can be uncomfortable, hard to glide, and drag in soft conditions. A stiffer ski will also provide more control on hard-packed trails. Classic flex A classic ski must have enough camber and flex to raise the kick or grip zone above the snow when gliding but allow the ski to bend and bring this area in contact with the snow on the kick. Skier weight and ability will determine the required amount of camber and stiffness. Soft flex A soft flexing ski requires minimal weight transfer for a skier to compress the camber and gain kick, though may feel slow or dragging for an advanced skier. Stiff flex A stiff flexing ski requires more weight to gain kick and therefore better weight transfer. For a skilled skier, this can provide good kick and better glide. If too stiff, it will be difficult for the skier to gain purchase with the kick zone providing slippery feel.

16 TAB Core Construction

17 a Ski s construction determines its Performance Nordic ski cores are generally made from foam, wood or air-channeled wood. The core is shaped to certain profiles and forms for different flexes and rigidities. A ski s reinforcement is made with additional layers or wrappings of fiberglass or carbon fiber. These three elements determine a ski s construction, and each of them have a significant impact on a ski s weight, rigidity and responsiveness. CONSTRUCTION TRIAXIAL BRAIDING Developed by Madshus, Triaxial Braiding is still the best-known process of applying fiberglass to a core. This process consists of putting a core through the patented braided fiberglass sock, wrapping the core in interlocking woven strands of fiberglass and carbon fiber. This unique method produces a ski that has a great deal of torsional rigidity and strength, while maintaining the ski s lively feel and light weight.

18 TRIAXIAL CARBON CONSTRUCTION TCC contains a higher carbon content surrounding the core material. This creates a ski that is extremely lightweight, torsionally stiff and lively. Madshus uses this construction on all of our Nanosonic skis. 3D CONSTRUCTION Featured on all Madshus racing skis, 3D construction is the unique process of shaping a ski s surface to remove weight and channel stiffness and responsiveness in specific patterns for a precise tuning of a ski s torsional rigidity and flex.

19 CAP CONSTRUCTION Cap construction provides a structural cap to seal top and sides of the ski over the core and surrounding materials. Cap construction allows for more innovative engineering by allowing for a variety of reinforcement materials and arrangements to be protected beneath the cap while keeping the construction light and durable. TORSION CAP CONSTRUCTION Torsion cap construction involves a braided core covered by a cap. This form of construction allows for very durable and light construction and provides tremendous versatility in ski characteristics.

20 Madshus Has six Different Cores PR100X is an acrylic-based high performance foam core, reinforced with Madshus Triaxial Braiding technology. This is a lightweight, performance foam also found in other extreme applications like helicopter rotor blades and airplane jet fans. It gives the ski excellent dampening performance and is the number one choice for top-level skis. The core is 3D-shaped to maximize the precision and feel of the ski. PR90 is a Triaxial-reinforced Polycell core used on Madshus Hypersonic cores. It has excellent performance properties, such as low weight and excellent dampening. The core is 3D-shaped to maximize the feel of the ski. POLYCELL is a PU-based foam core which utilizes specific carbon and glass fiber reinforcement to suit different applications, conditions, and skiers. It provides a ski that works very well with low weight and excellent dampening. The core is 3D-shaped on certain models to maximize the feel of the ski. AIR W is a lightweight Madshus woodcore (Multicore) with air channels to reduce the weight. It is shaped to fit the ski, minimizing the excess use of glue in the ski. MULTICORE is a high durability Madshus wood core laminated together to optimize the camber lifetime of the ski. Multicore gives extra strength and liveliness to the skis and it is shaped to fit the ski profile, minimizing the excess use of glue in the ski production. Paulownia / Carbon Hybrid Construction provides an extremely lightweight torsion box ski. Paulownia a fast-growing, farm-raised, sustainable wood core material with fantastic weight and even density is surrounded by carbon reinforcement for optimal lightweight stiffness and torsion whether it s for fast acceleration exercise or all-day touring performance.

21 TAB Sidecut

22 Sidecut Refers to a Ski s Change in Width from its Tip, Waist, and Tail. MORE SIDECUT The ski is easier to turn. LESS SIDECUT The ski tracks straighter and faster. WIDER SKI More flotation and stability, but more weight. NARROWER SKI Less weight, faster, but not as stable.

23 TAB Bases

24 BASE The Base of a Nordic Ski Must Both Allow the Ski to Glide Freely and be Durable Against the Abrasion of Hard Snow. EXTRUDED BASE These bases are made from liquid polyethylene extruded into sheets and cut into strips. This creates a very consistent and smooth base that needs little maintenance. However, this material is not as porous as sintered bases thus glide wax is not well absorbed. SINTERED BASES To create a sintered base, polyethylene pellets are pressed into a hard block and cut off into thin strips. This results in a very hard base that is relatively porous and accepts glide wax well, especially after numerous applications. For this reason most performance skis feature sintered bases.

25 Base Types WAXABLE CLASSIC BASE Waxable bases grip the snow through the application of kick wax to the kick/grip zone of the ski. When compressed, snow crystals penetrate this sticky wax creating grip and release when the ski is unweighted. All waxes correspond to a particular snow temperature. The objective is to match the hardness of the wax to the hardness of the snow. Cold snow crystals are very hard so a skier would want to use a hard wax. VARIED SKI SPLAY Accompanying therefined base and camber finishes on our Nanosonic and Hypersonic Carbon Skate and Classic skis, varied amounts of tip splay provide fine-tuned performance for specific conditions for racers and athletes demanding the ultimate in speed from their skis. Distinct tip splay on the Nanosonic Carbon Skate R-Soft and Nanosonic Carbon Classic Plus models creates shorter pressure zones for a shorter length of water film and reduces suction in dirty and wet snow, while slight splay and longer pressure zones on the other Nanosonic and Hypersonic Carbon models provides a longer, thin water film for fast glide in colder conditions. SKATING BASES Skate skis are all glide zone, and therefore have no kick/grip zone requiring no kick wax or waxless pattern, only glide wax.

26 CLASSIC INTELLIGRIP (OR ZERO ) BASES This Madshus-designed classic ski base construction utilizes a special factory sanded inserted base section in the kick zone of the skis with a raised texture. This provides for more efficient traction in difficult waxing conditions. WAXLESS BASES Waxless bases have pattern in the kick or grip zone that provide grip when they contact the snow and therefore do not require grip wax. The objective of a waxless base is to balance good grip while still providing efficient glide. The most efficient bases generally vary their pattern along the length of the kick zone for optimal grip and glide and a quieter stride. Waxless skis are more convenient to use requiring little if any preparation. The two methods for manufacturing waxless bases are: CUT/NEGATIVE Patterns are cut into the base of the ski and do not extend beyond the level of the base or edges. EMBOSSED/POSITIVE Embossed patterns are molded into the base, and extend the scales past the level of the edges for additional grip when placed positively in the mold. Madshus Cross Country Downhill skis use positive Omnitrak base for superior grip in all conditions.

27 Madshus has two Patterned Waxless Bases MULTIGRIP VARIO+ (MGV+) is a patented high-perfomance waxfree system which performs like a well waxed ski and is used on Madshus Backcountry skis. The five section pattern is less aggressive towards the tip and tail for excellent gliding properties, and has a more aggressive pattern in the mid-section to provide maximum grip. OMNITRAK The Omnitrak waxless base is used on Madshus Cross Country Downhill skis. Engineered with five zones, the Omnitrak base uses round spaced scales in transition zones for a smoother, more efficient glide and sharp, tight scales underfoot for maximum grip. With its rounded transition shapes and postitive edge setting, the Omnitrak base provides optimal climbing versatility and a smooth turn on firmer snow.

28 TAB Tuning

29 Tuning CROSS COUNTRY WAX There are as many different wax preparations as there are types of snow. Each type of snow will react differently with the ski base, and each base can be fine tuned to match the various snow conditions by simply changing the wax. Ski bases vary in their porosity, and different types of wax can be applied for optimum performance. Skate bases are waxed with glide wax on the entire length of the ski. Waxless classic bases need less regular maintenance, but can be waxed on the glide zones on either side of the patterned kick/grip zone. Waxable classic bases are waxed with glide wax on the glide zones and kick wax on the kick/ grip zone. Classic IntelliGrip(Zero) bases are waxed with glide wax on the glide zones and the IntelliGrip(Zero) area is prepped with fine sandpaper and silicone or flouro powder to prevent icing. Base Grinding Though most important on race skis, stone grinding the skis base provides good glide on all base materials. Madshus skis have two factory stone grinds, one for conditions warmer than 0*c and one for when conditions are colder. Warmer snow contains more moisture, which creates more suction, requiring a deeper rougher structure. By contrast, colder dryer snow is very coarse requiring a very fine grind.

30 MADSHUS ZERO BASE PREP MADSHUS ZERO HAIRIES are ready to use right from the ski shop, but to achieve the ultimate skiing experience, we recommend doing the following steps: After some skiing, you should clean the kick zones using a regular base cleaner. This removes dust, dirt and pollution that may have accumulated in the kick zone. This buildup decreases the performance of your hairies. Adjust and update the performance by using sand paper (100 grain) wrapped around a clean cork. Rub back and forth on the white kick zone until you achieve a velvety surface. Spray or rub in a silicone or fluoro glide additive to prevent icing. Classic IntelliGrip (Zero)

31 TAB Boots

32 Cross Country Boots and Fit SKATING Skate boots have more ankle support than touring boots, with a cuff for more lateral stability, protection against the twisting forces involved in the skating technique, and firm edge control. These boots are also constructed with a stiffer sole to minimize torsional and forward flex. Because a loose skate boot will not perform well, they should be the same size as the foot. CLASSIC The Classic boot is designed for the race and fitness skier who practices the Classic skiing style. With lighter materials, softer uppers, a free-flexing toebox, and a more snug fit, these boots are generally more performance oriented than their touring counterparts. PURSUIT (COMBI) This hybrid boot combines the skate boot s ankle support and cuff with the toebox flexibility of a classic boot, allowing the wearer to enjoy both disciplines. TOURING This type of boot is soft and flexible with more structure than a classic race style boot for greater support and additional warmth. The touring skier also requires a more supportive boot for variable conditions, poorly groomed and un-groomed conditions, and greater stability for downhill confidence. The touring skier is primarily concerned with comfort and will generally be looking for a looser fit.

33 BACKCOUNTRY Backcountry boots feature higher and stiffer cuffs for edging stability and ankle support off trail. Heavier rands around the lowers provide protection against metal edges, and gaiter loops help keep fresh snow out. The backcountry skier will typically wear thicker socks. Their toes should just make light contact with the front of the boot, allowing for the boot to shorten as it flexes but provide control for downhills. Madshus Boot Features PVC* FREE PVC - FREE CONSTRUCTION In keeping with Madshus ongoing commitment to protect the winter world, Madshus has introduced the best-fitting and most breathable boots yet, in a totally PVC-Free construction. MemBrain SOFTSHELL CONSTRUCTION Madshus boots feature MemBrain softshell and hybrid constructions, allowing the boot to comfortably conform to the contours of the foot while providing a fit that is both warm and breathable. Nano Skate Frame The stiffer carbon composite cuff and lastboard give the Nano Carbon Skate s frame greater rigidity. The stiffened body transfers energy from each skate stride more efficiently into gliding

34 power and precision. Inside the frame, we ve eliminated the rand for a single material build that reduces the seams on the upper, providing enhanced comfort, improved waterproofness, and more versatile fit. Torsion Box Tongue When laced up, the structure in the tongue mates with the sides of the boot to create a torsion box, like on our skis. This torsion box keeps your foot centered over the ski, allowing for superior ski control. Thermo Moldable Liners Available on Madhsus Champion and Race Performance boots, Madshus heat moldable inners allow for a custom fit and even greater boot responsiveness. LACING FINGERS Providing the best fitting Nordic boot requires a lacing system that secures the entire foot. Madshus lacing fingers reach far below the boot s visible lacing system, securing the forefoot laterally and medially with balanced lacing tension. LACES Madshus uses laces to provide the best, most customizable fit that does not loosen in use.

35 advanced lacing techniques To achieve the best fit from your Madshus boots, try these lacing techniques. 1. Marathon lacing In creasing heel hold Marathon lacing: If you have a narrow heel, this lacing can help hold your foot more securely in the heel of your boot. On the top two webbing loops : lace straight up from one to the other instead of across Then lace across and through the loop that is formed Tie a regular knot at the top. This loop creates a pulley-effect to create more heel hold.

36 2. Different tightness in different places Do you want to have low pressure on your forefoot and a snug fit in the midfoot and rearfoot? Lace the forefoot to the desired tension. Cross the laces twice. Continue lacing. Tension the midfoot to the desired tension. The forefoot tension should not change. Snug in the midfoot Double-cross or surgeon s knot Loose in the forefoot 3. Surfer s Knob High, Irritated point on top of instep To avoid pressure on this spot, skip one crossing of the laces. Instead lace up from one webbing eyelet to the one directly above.

37 Heat Molding Process Heat moldable boot models: Nano Carbon, Nano, Hyper, & Metis Madshus believes we have created the finest blend of comfort and performance ever achieved in footwear for cross country skiing. Madshus boots are designed to fit well for the vast majority of people right out of the box. However, to get the most out of these boots we recommend that you heat mold them for a custom fit and even greater boot responsiveness. Please follow the instructions below: 1. Supplies: A. Hair dryer or ski boot liner heating stacks. (Do not use a microwave oven, conventional oven, or heat gun. It will damage the boots and void your warranty). B. Thin socks C. An assistant to help make things easier. 2. Boot Preparation: A. Unzip the lace cover and loosen the laces enough to remove the insole (footbed). B. Remove the footbed (removable insole) from the boot. C. Open boot fully.

38 3. Heating the Boots: A. It is recommended that you heat and mold the boots one at a time B. If you are using ski boot liner heating stacks place the boot on the heat stack for a period of 10 minutes of heating time. C. If you are using a hair dryer, insert it into the open boot for 10 minutes. D. After 10 minutes the sides of the boot and ankle area should become noticeably flexible. E. The boot is now ready to be custom fit. F. If the boots are not flexible after 10 minutes then continue to heat them for an additional two minutes. G. DO NOT increase the temperature setting. Boots that have been damaged by excessive heating from any means (heat gun, oven, heating stacks etc.) are not covered under warranty. 4. Molding the Boots: A. Insert the footbed (removable insole) into the boot. B. Put on a thin sock on the foot to be molded. Remove the hair dryer, or take boot off of the heating stack and put them on immediately. Warning - the metal eyelets, zipper handle, etc. will be HOT to the touch! Please be careful.

39 C. Lace the boots until they are snug, but not as tight as one might ski in. D. Weight the boot (stand in the basic ski glide position with your knee over your toes) for about 5~10 minutes to allow the boots to cool and get firm. Your assistant should apply additional hand and finger pressure to important areas such as the heel, ankle under the cuff and sides of the arch on medial (arch side) and lateral (outside) sides for the best possible molding. E. When the boot has cooled and become stiffer and supportive (5-10 minutes) remove it and mold the other boot starting with step 2A above. F. When you have completed both boots, go skiing. G. It is possible to heat mold the boots more than once. Repeat the molding process until you have achieved the desired fit. Note: Using a heat gun is not recommended by Madshus due to the risk of damaging synthetic boot materials from too high a setting on the heat gun or by prolonged heating in one area of the boot. Boots that have been damaged by excessive heating from any means (heat gun, oven, heating stacks, etc.) are not covered under warranty.

40 TAB Bindings

41 Binding and Boot Systems Modern cross country skiers must match the skis binding system to the boot type. When it is time to change the boot, the skier must either be limited to boots of the same binding system or also change the skis binding. There are three primary groups of binding systems used in modern cross-country skiing: NNN These systems have a metal bar or rod just forward of the toe of the boot. The bar is held by a catch in the binding. The bar can rotate in the binding, so the sole doesn t have to flex as much. Automatic bindings make it easier for the skier to step in to the bindings. Manual bindings must be locked and released by hand. These bindings have subtypes, such as: NNN-BC for which provides a wider platform for backcountry use, Skate, Classic, Touring, and Kids.

42 NNN boots are made by Madshus, Alpina Sports, Rossignol and Fischer. These are distinguished from the SNS (Salomon and Atomic) binding in that all NNN bindings have two longitudinal ridges that stick out from the bottom of the binding that mate with corresponding slots in NNN boots. These bindings are compatible with any NNN boot, and certain skis use the NIS bonded plate system for easy mounting and adoption of NNN bindings. Why NNN? Maximum Stability The bindings are mounted on an extra wide binding plate that ensures excellent stability while retaining feel on every push-off and flexibility down steep hills and around sharp turns. Broader binding plate for added stability. Maximum Control The dual guiderails on our NNN bindings provide the skier with extra good control when pushing off, skiing down steep hills or overcoming obstacles. Better ski control thanks to two guide rails. Maximum Contact Our patented NNN system has been developed to provide maximum feel between boot, binding and ski. The close contact helps ensure an optimal skiing experience. NNN BINDING Madshus Alpina Fischer Rossignol SNS BINDING Salomon Atomic 75MM Various Others

43 NIS - NORDIC INTEGRATED SYSTEM The NIS system uses a permanently bonded plate on the ski that the binding slides onto. This allows the skier to mount their own bindings quickly without needing to screw into the ski. By doing this the skier can easily tune the position of the binding relative to the balance point of the ski, which is useful in different snow conditions. Why NIS? MAXIMUM CONTACT The NIS system optimizes the ski s properties by guaranteeing 100% contact between the ski and the binding for finer feeling. POWER TRANSFER The close contact between ski and binding helps give the skier optimal stability, control and power transfer. MAXIMUM STABILITY Broader binding plate for added stability. MAXIMUM CONTROL Better ski control thanks to two guide rails. DUAL FLEXOR SYSTEM (SKATE) Horizontal balance after each kick. FINE TUNING The binding can easily be extended forwards and backwards, thus providing the skier with the perfect balance for various cross country skiing techniques. Moving the binding forward for classical cross country skiing gives the skier a better foothold, while moving it back gives the skier better glide. When skating, the ski s balance during push-off can be optimized by adjusting the binding appropriately.

44 SNS SNS PROFILE Like the NNN system, SNS has a metal bar or rod just forward of the toe of the boot and the bar is held by a catch in the binding. SNS bindings have one centered ridge that sticks out from the bottom of the binding, this ridge mates with a corresponding slot in the boot. NNN bindings by contrast have two parallel longitudinal ridges that stick out from the bottom of the binding which mate with corresponding slots in the boots. SNS PILOT In addition to the SNS Profil system Salomon also has developed the Pilot system which feature two metal bars on the boot, one positioned about 1 (2.5 cm) behind the other, that click into two different slots in the Pilot binding. Profil boots only have one axis and therefore cannot fit into Pilot bindings. However, Pilot boots can fit into most Profil bindings, due to a small space behind the front of the boot for the other axis. 75MM (3-PIN) BINDING The 75mm (also known as 3-pin) bindings were the industry standard for years until NNN and SNS came onto the scene. The boot is lined up with the three pins in the binding and the toe is locked down with a bail. On modern telemark bindings, you ll find a cable that goes around your heel for stability. You can use leather style boots with the original bail setup, or step up to modern telemark.

45 TAB Mounting

46 Mounting NIS SYSTEM: 1. Slide the rear heel plate onto the NIS plate. Insert the provided NIS tool to lift and release the catch, then slide the heel plate into the correct position. 2. Slide the front part of the binding onto the NIS plate. Insert the provided NIS tool to lift and release the catch, then slide the heel plate into the correct position.

47 SCREW IN NORDIC BINDING SYSTEMS ISO 9119 STANDARD 1) Advice Positioning of the JIG: Line up the mid-point indicator on the JIG with the ski manufacturer s mid-point indicator. If there is no mid-point indicator, balance the ski to locate the mid-point. When Positioning the JIG Prior to Drill Skis: Ensure stable JIG position on ski. The JIG must be in contact with the ski top surface. The JIG must not move when drilling. The JIG block must not be in contact with the bench when drilling. 2) Selecting and Fitting the Drill Bit: Select the recommended special crosscountry drill bit. Caution: the drilling dimateter of the ridge must be 3.6mm. 3) Drilling and Cleaning: Using the bushings on the JIG for position, drill the holes that correspond to the binding being mounted. Turn the ski over and tap gently with the palm of your hand to remove the shavings form the holes. Clean the surface of the ski. 4) Mounting the Bindings: Place a small drop of glue into each hole and put the binding in place and screw down the binding with a torque of 3.6 NM being careful not to over torque.

48 TAB Poles

49 Poles When choosing a Nordic ski pole the 5 primary considerations are weight, stiffness, strength, swingweight and comfort. The four parts of the pole to be assessed are the basket, straps, handle and shaft. BASKETS For groomed trails small, asymmetrical baskets are best suited. Using a smaller basket reduces swing weight and provides ample support on groomed trails. In fresh snow and backcountry conditions a larger basket is best suited. The racing or fitness skier uses a smaller basket as they ski on prepared tracks with firm snow, requiring less basket surface area. Additionally, these skiers generate much more propulsion from their poles, necessitating greater purchase and a more aggressive tip. The cruising or touring skier who may not always be on well-prepared tracks requires more surface area from their pole baskets and a less aggressive tip. SHAFTS Composite Shafts: The lightest shafts are made of 100% carbon fiber. The disadvantage of shafts made of extremely light composite materials is that they can be damaged. Weight, stiffness and balance are optimal in composite shafts. Aluminum Shafts: Aluminum is stiffer, lighter and more durable compared to composite poles with a high share of glass fiber, but are heavier. Although these shafts are much

50 more reasonably priced, the added weight is a disadvantage in terms of pendulum properties. Lightweight and stiff high-end racing poles are primarily designed for the racing/fitness skier. With greater emphasis on poling for propulsion, rather than stability, the racing/fitness skier appreciates and values the low weight and stiffness such high-end construction provides. HANDLES Handles are a matter of comfort. A soft handle feels better than a hard one-component plastic handle, while a handle with natural cork feels warmer than a handle made of plastic. All Madshus poles feature cork handles that are contoured to the thumb and forefinger. The cork Race Handle on the Carbon Race 100UHM pole provides a pre-set angle to turn downward force into maximum propulsion. STRAPS Everyone s hands are unique, so fit is just as important with pole straps as it is with boots. Most skiers will benefit from using a structured style of strap like the heat moldable Madshus Contour Race Strap featured on Madshus Race and Fitness poles, though some cruising and touring skiers may prefer the convenience of a biathlon-style strap like that featured on the Madshus NC-6 pole.

51 Pole Sizing CLASSIC AND TOURING POLES A classic ski pole should reach a skier s armpit. SKATE POLES Skating poles should reach from the ground up to a point somewhere between your chin and your lips. Madshus Pole Technology Contour Champion & Race Straps Hands, like feet, come in all shapes and sizes. That s why the Contour Champion and Contour Race Straps use a 3D-Heatmoldable shape to conform to the infinite variations of hand shape. The flexible construction is easy to get on and off, and the neoprene Comfort tab prevents any strap pinch. With silicone SuperGrip printing to prevent any slipping, the Contour straps provide exceptional control of your pole plant and stride.

52 3D-Heatmoldable The shape of the Madshus Contour straps is 3D molded at the factory - like an orthotic for your hand - to securely hold onto the complex shape of a hand. The strap is flexible and Heatmoldable to customize the strap to perfectly fit your hand. This custom shape comfortably holds the hand for the most efficient force transfer to the pole. SuperGrip SuperGrip Silicone printing on the inside of the Contour Champion and Contour Race straps keeps the strap in place so you can pole more effectively - and you don t have to stop during a race to adjust the straps. Biathlon Strap 3D-patterned for biathletes who need to shoot, then quickly put on their poles and accelerate, the easy-on, easyoff Biathlon strap works great for coaches, parents or anyone who needs to free a hand to write down a split time, wipe a nose, handle equipment, ortake a photo. When touring, the Biathlon strap requires minimal adjustments, allowing you to spend your time enjoying your tour. Power Handle The Madshus Power Handle is angled to provide greater forward propulsion on flats and uphills. The handle is wrapped in high-quality cork to the very top, providing warmth and comfort when racing. Ultra High Modulus Shafts Together the unmatched stiffness and weight of the Nano Carbon Race 100 UHM shaft allows direct transfer of energy from your upper body into forward momentum with minimal deflection or absorption.

53 TAB Nordic glossary

54 Nordic Glossary ALPINE SKIING Downhill skiing, typically utilizing chairlifts to gain elevation for descents. The equipment consists of stiff plastic boots, fixed-heel bindings and flat (alpine camber) skis. Alpine Touring or AT (also called randonee or ski mountaineering) A style of backcountry skiing in which free-heel striding and climbing skins are used for ascending steep slopes, and fixed-heel, parallel turns are used for the descents. Gear is similar to that for alpine skiing, but AT bindings switch between free-heel and fixed-heel modes. Alpine (above) and alpine touring boots and bindings are not compatible. BACKCOUNTRY SKIING Any kind of skiing done away from developed land or open roads. Usually refers to Cross-Country skiing in these areas. Base The bottom of the ski, usually made of a hard, clear material in light touring and touring skis and of a slightly softer, black graphite material in performance skis. (See also Extruded Ski Base and Sintered Ski Base.) Basket Plastic foot on the end of a ski pole shaft that provides a pushing platform for Cross-Country skiing. Racing poles feature smaller, lighter baskets. Biathlon Olympic and World Cup event involving cross-country skiing and marksmanship. Participants ski (with.22 caliber rifles on their backs) prescribed interval distances with stops at a range for both prone and standing attempts at targets. In some races penalty loops are skied for missed targets and in other events time is simply added. Biathlon (Summer) Same as winter biathlon but with cross-country running in place of skiing.

55 CAMBER The upward curve built into a ski, which can be seen when the ski is laid on a flat surface. The amount of camber determines a ski s performance characteristics. Camber, Alpine (or single camber ) Ski curvature characterized by a subtle, gradual arch, without a defined wax-pocket. Alpine camber distributes skier weight more evenly over the entire ski base, which makes it easy to carve smooth turns. Downhill, skating and telemark skis all have alpine camber. Camber, Nordic (or double camber) Ski curvature characterized by a pronounced arch, a high central section and a wax pocket underfoot. The ski base is held up off of the snow s surface slightly by the shape and flex of the ski. The center of the wax pocket is pressed into the snow for traction during the kick phase of classic striding. General touring and backcountry touring skis have Nordic camber. CLASSIC TECHNIQUE (SEE ALSO DIAGONAL STRIDE) Cross-Country skiing technique involving opposite-leg, opposite-arm motion in a straight-ahead direction. This is the technique primarily associated with cross-country skiing and is what skiing exercise machines simulate. Cross-Country Commonly used term for Nordic skiing. Cross-Country Ski Center A commercial area featuring groomed trails and other amenities. Most areas feature lessons, rental equipment, food, first aid, and warming shelters. DIAGONAL STRIDE (SEE ALSO CLASSIC TECHNIQUE) The forward movement associated with cross-country skiing. The body weight is thrust onto the front leg/ski as it glides forward with the rear leg/ski extended naturally behind with the ski tail lifted slightly off the snow. The arms move in opposition to the legs, just as if you were running.

56 EQUIPMENT/CLASSIC TECHNIQUE Skis: Generally sized to the heel of a hand extended above the skier s head. Flexed to provide both glide and compression of the wax pocket during different points in the classic striding motion. Boots: Generally low to mid-ankle support with a wide forward flex. Poles: Sized to reach the skier s armpit. Equipment/Skating Technique Skis: Can come in wide variety of sizes depending on snow conditions. Performance and all-purpose skis are generally 10cm shorter than classic skis. Boots: Generally designed with superior ankle and lateral support. Poles: Sized to fit to the cleft of the skier s chin. Extruded Ski Base Typically found on entry-level and intermediate skis, extruded bases are relatively inexpensive and easy to repair. They are formed from melted polyethylene pellets. They are not as abrasion-resistant as sintered bases (see below), nor do they hold wax as well. FIS (FEDERATION OF INTERNATIONAL SKIING) International governing body for all skisport. Flex The stiffness of a ski, or the degree to which it resists bending. Flex ratings can refer to the stiffness of an entire ski or to specific sections like the tip or tail. The amount of flex a ski has will affect how it feels and reacts in different snow and skiing conditions: Soft-flexed: skis bend more easily and, as a result, are easier to control and turn in softer snow and at lower speeds. Stiff-flexed: skis are more difficult to bend, and tend to be more responsive at high speeds and in harder snow conditions. They can be difficult to handle in soft powder and deep snow.

57 GLIDE WAX Hard-sealing wax products applied to ski bases to improve glide efficiency and protect the base materials from wear and oxidation. Typically applied to the entire base of skating and alpine skis, but only to the tip and tail zones of touring skis. Even so-called nonwax skis benefit from occasional tip and tail glide waxing, for improved performance and conditioning. Glide waxes are usually applied with heat for added durability. Glide Zone The portion of the ski base that is waxed to maximize glide. Grip (or Kick) Wax Designed to provide traction for waxable skis. Grip wax produces this traction by allowing the rough edges of snow crystals to penetrate the wax layer just enough to grab hold of the ski when it is stationary and weighted. It does not keep the ski from gliding smoothly when already in motion. Groomed Trail A trail on which parallel tracks for striding and a wide, smooth area for skating have been prepared by machine. Usually features signs designating the level of skiing difficulty. HOLMENKOLLEN Norwegian ski stadium/course and home of the most famous annual WorldCup competition. INTERVAL START Starting format for a race or tour where 1-2 racers start at even intervals. IOC (International Olympic Committee) International governing body for all Olympic competitions. JUMPING Olympic and World Cup competitive Nordic event involving ski jumps of varying heights. Performed with free-heeled skis. KLISTER Sticky, gooey gel used for kick (grip) waxing in conditions such as old transformed snow and very wet snow.

58 LENGTH The distance from ski tip to tail. Proper length depends on height, weight, ability and skiing style. In general, longer skis tend to be faster and more stable, while shorter skis tend to be easier to control and turn. MASS START Group start to a race or tour. NEW NORDIC NORM (OR NNN) Rottefella boot and binding system consisting of a short, metal rod in the toe of the boot sole and a clip-in binding to which it attaches. NNN bindings also feature raised ridges that fit into matching grooves on the soles of NNN boots for lateral control. Known for their comfortable flex and efficient ski control. Used by Madshus, Rossignol, Fischer, and Alpina. Nordic Combined Olympic and World Cup event involving combined competition in jumping and a subsequent cross country ski race. Racers start the ski race based on how well they jumped first one across the line wins. Nordic Norm (see also 3-Pin) Traditional, 3-pin boot/binding connection. The boots have tonguelike extensions on the toes with 3 holes in the undersides. The extensions fit over 3 vertical pins on each binding, over which a curved bale is squeezed down to hold them in place. Nordic Skiing Typically refers to any form of cross-country skiing, including classic or backcountry touring, skating and telemark. OFF-PISTE Skiing out of a managed ski area - out of bounds. Off -Track Skiing Skiing on unprepared snow whether previously skied in or not. PIN HEAD (PINNER) Telemark skier - refers to the 3-pin style bindings used in telemark skiing.

59 Pole Grip Handle on a ski pole. RANDONÉE SKIING see Alpine Touring Rollerskis Short (2-3 ft.) metal shafts with rubber or polyethylene wheels attached to both ends. Used primarily on pavement although some models work off-road. The primary off-snow training method for cross-country skiers. SALOMON NORDIC SYSTEM (SNS) Salomon s proprietary boot/binding connection system featuring a single, wide binding ridge and matching sole groove as compared to the twin ridges and matching grooves found on NNN bindings and boots. Because of this difference in design, SNS and NNN systems are not compatible. SIDECUT The concave shape in the side of the ski, designed to enhance the ski s turning performance. In general, the more sidecut a ski has (up to a point), the easier it will be to turn. Keep in mind, however, that sidecut can have a negative effect on your forward glide and how well your skis track in a straight line. For this reason, pronounced sidecuts are not recommended for in-track striding or for casual touring across flat or moderate terrain. Sintered Ski Base A less common form of ski base formed by molding polyethylene with pressure and heat, but without melting it. The result is a porous, abrasion-resistant, wax-absorbent surface. Typically found on mid- to upper-end ski models. Sintered bases tend to be more expensive than extruded bases and outperform them when properly glide-waxed. Sitzmark Large indentation in a track or open area created by a fallen skier. It s good trail etiquette to fill these in if you make one! Ski Orienteering (or Ski O ) Worldwide Cross-Country discipline in which the skier must locate a series of control points with the aid of a topographical map and compass.

60 Skins Strips of synthetic (nylon, mohair or polyurethane) material that are temporarily affixed to the bottoms of skis for traction. Usually used in the backcountry for climbing sustained slopes. Can be affixed with adhesives, clips or both. Stick Wax Wax that is applied in a crayonlike fashion. Color-coded by the brand to adapt to anything from sub-zero to freezinglevel snow. Primarily used on fresh snow and sharp crystals. TELEMARK Type of downhill turn and style of turning typically involving one ski slid forward and a distinctive forward bent-knee position. Telemark turns provide good fore/aft stability that makes them effective at an alpine area using chairlifts or in the backcountry. 3-PIN (SEE ALSO NORDIC NORM) A traditional, stable binding/boot system usually used in backcountry touring, classic touring and telemarking. Can also refer to the above-mentioned types of skiing. Track Skiing Cross country skiing on machine-prepared snow with classic or skating technique. USBA (UNITED STATES BIATHLON ASSOCIATION) National governing body and administrative organization for biathlon in the United States. USOC (UNITED STATES OLYMPIC COMMITTEE) Global representative for the United States in all Olympic sports. USSA (UNITED STATES SKI ASSOCIATION) National governing body and administrative organization for downhill and cross country (minus biathlon) skiing in the United States.

61 WAX Comes in 2 types: kick (or grip) and glide. Kick wax is used for grip in the classic technique. Both stick wax and klister are common varieties of kick wax. Kick wax is applied exclusively to the middle third of classic skis. Glide wax is used on the tips and tails of classic skis and the entire length of skating skis. Waxable Skis Any cross-country ski that can be treated with performance-enhancing waxes to improve grip and/or glide can be considered a waxable ski. The term is typically used to refer to skis that do not have grip patterns carved or molded into their bases. But as stated above, all crosscountry skis are actually waxable, since all benefit from periodic glide waxing to condition their bases and protect them from oxidation. WAX POCKET (OR KICK ZONE) The central section of a Nordic-cambered ski that is held slightly off of the snow s surface by its curvature. The part of the ski that grips the snow when the skier s weight is on it and the ski is not moving. Grip patterns are located in this kick zone on nonwax skis. WAXLESS SKIS (OR NONWAX SKIS) Classic striding skis designed to grip the snow without the aid of grip wax on the middle third of the base. Instead, the kick zones have scales cut in to the base material for traction. These skis benefit from periodic glide waxing on their tips and tails to improve gliding performance and to condition the P-Tex base material. Thus the term waxless is something of a misnomer. Width Width refers to the distance from ski edge to ski edge, measured at the ski s waist or narrowest part. In general, wider skis are more stable and easier to control, while narrow skis are faster. World Cup Series of international races held almost exclusively in Europe each season. The highest level of cross-country competition outside of the World Championships and Olympics.

62 TAB Sizing Charts

63 Classic and Skate Ski and Pole Sizing Recommended Length of Skis and Poles Skier Height Inches Skier cm Skis Classic Skis Multigrip Skis Skate Poles Classic Poles Skate 2'11" 90 cm 90 cm 90 cm 90 cm 60 cm 70 cm 3'1" 95 cm 90 cm 90 cm 90 cm 65 cm 75 cm 3'3" 100 cm 100 cm 100 cm 100 cm 70 cm 80 cm 3'5" 105 cm 100/110 cm 100/110 cm 100 cm 75 cm 85 cm 3'7" 110 cm 110 cm 110 cm 110 cm 80 cm 90 cm 3'9" 115 cm 120 cm 120 cm 120 cm 85 cm 95 cm 3'11" 120 cm 130 cm 130 cm 120 cm 90 cm 100 cm 4'1" 125 cm 140 cm 140 cm 130 cm 95 cm 105 cm 4'3" 130 cm 140/150 cm 140/150 cm 130 cm 100 cm 110 cm 4'5" 135 cm 150 cm 150 cm 140 cm 105 cm 115 cm 4'7" 140 cm 160 cm 160 cm 145 cm 110 cm 120 cm 4,9" 145 cm 160/170 cm 160 cm 155 cm 115 cm 125 cm 4'11" 150 cm 175 cm 170 cm 160 cm 120 cm 130 cm 5'1" 155 cm 180 cm 175 cm 165 cm 125 cm 135 cm 5'3" 160 cm 185 cm 180 cm 170 cm 130 cm 140 cm 5'5" 165 cm 190/195 cm 185 cm 175 cm 135 cm 145 cm 5'7" 170 cm 195/200 cm 190 cm 180/185 cm 140 cm 150 cm 5'9" 175 cm 200/205 cm 195 cm 185/190 cm 145 cm 155 cm 5'11" 180 cm 205/210 cm 200 cm 190/195 cm 150 cm 160 cm 6'1" 185 cm 205/210 cm 205 cm 195 cm 155 cm 165 cm 6'3" 190 cm 210 cm 205 cm 195 cm 160 cm 170 cm 6'5" 195 cm 210 cm 205 cm 195 cm 165 cm 175 cm 6'7" 200 cm 210 cm 205 cm 195 cm 170 cm 180 cm

64 Shoe Size Converter EUROPEAN SIZES U.S. MEN S SIZES U.S. WOMEN S SIZES

65 Cruising skis Recommended Length of Madshus Cruising Skis Men S 170 (S) 180 (M) 190 (L) N10720/N10722 Cadence <145lbs lbs. >176lbs. Women S 160 (S) 170 (M) 180(L) N10723/N10725 Cadenza <120lbs lbs. >152lbs. Cross country downhill skis Recommended Length of Madshus Cross Country Downhill Skis WEIGHT <125 lbs lbs lbs 170 lbs < Annum Annum Eon

66 Sizing chart SKIS AND POLES SKIER HEIGHT CM FEET CLASSIC SKIS CLASSIC POLES MULTIGRIP SKIS SKATE SKIS SKATE POLES / / / / / c / / / / / / / /

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