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1 Leasing Your Land to Hunters: A Profit Center? By Dave Rempe and Clay Simons Extension Assistants Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University Introduction Recreational use of private property as a source of income is a topic attracting more and more attention. As production agriculture experiences a downtrend in profitability, alternative sources of income are explored. This paper examines recreational use of private property, specifically lease or fee hunting. There are several types of lease or fee hunting activities. These range from free permissiongranted hunting to full service outfitting. The level of fees charged will be discussed along with marketing of services, management of wildlife and liability concerns of this type of enterprise. Because this type of business is slow developing, small initial investments with a multi-year growth plan are recommended to reduce risk. Generally, it is important that those interested in providing lease-hunting activities understand that wildlife belongs to everyone. The landowner can produce it but cannot sell it. The landowners can sell access to their land and can sell services associated with the activity. Range of Services There is a wide range of services or accessibility that landowners can choose to offer potential users of their land. Many of those choices are discussed in this section along with some of the management required to be successful operating a recreational business. Granting free hunting privileges. In most areas of Kansas this has been the traditional hunting arrangement. However, landowners have become increasingly reluctant to grant permission due to concerns about safety, negative experiences with individual hunters, and preserving access for family and friends. There is a return to the landowner for granting permission. Community goodwill and relationships with many non-producers are valuable returns even though they are not economic. This can result in a better understanding of the landowner s role in preservation of wildlife. The landowner also gains a better understanding of the hunters desires to have the opportunity to pursue their recreational activities of choice. Exchange of hunting privileges for protection. A landowner may consider granting permission to a hunter or group in exchange for helping protect property from trespassers. The person or group may agree to post the property and scout for signs of unlawful entry when they are on the property. Where trespassing is a problem, the group may help reduce the cost of preventing unwanted entry and increased security. 1

2 The direct returns are not economic. However, if it serves to reduce the unwanted traffic, there can be economic benefits in the form of reduced cost of prevention and reduced damage to property. In such an arrangement, the landowner will most likely not have to incur any cost for wildlife preservation or production. Exchange of hunting privileges for the performance of wildlife-enhancing practices. The landowner may have interest in preserving and producing wildlife on the property but cannot cover the costs associated with those practices. The owner may consider granting permission to a person or group in exchange for the performance of activities that enhance the wildlife habitat of the property. The group may be willing to cover the costs of such management practices. The hunters gain a proprietary interest in the land. They may very well be interested in maintaining fences and buildings or developing habitat. They can plant hedgerows, plant food crops and help clean up hazardous situations on the land that effect the safety of the hunters. All of these activities can improve the value of the land. Returns to the landowner include improvements to the land and increased wildlife activity. The landowner gains the benefit of these improvements without incurring the costs. Long term leasing. Landowners may choose to lease the hunting or entry rights to their property. Entering long-term agreements with individuals or groups can accomplish this purpose. The group or individual pays the owners for the right to hunt on their property. The long-term agreement may be for a year or more. The landowner provides the entry right to the lessee. The landowner realizes a direct economic return and the lessee has exclusive rights to the property. The owner incurs few direct costs and the return supplements income derived from farming but usually is not adequate to replace it. The lessee may be interested in developing habitat or accessories such as tree stands or duck blinds. The lessee may want to pay the owner to leave small areas of unharvested crops for feed for wildlife. The lessee can be responsible for posting the property, planting food plots and other wildlife management practices. All activities and responsibilities need to be outlined in a well written agreement between the landowner and lessee. Typically, the landowner will have rules and limitations governing the activities and the written lease is the agreement that outlines these stipulations. The returns to the landowner in this type of arrangement are economic. Because the landowner s investment is usually minimal the returns are not large. The lease rates in Kansas range between $1.00 per acre to a high of $8.00 to $10.00 per acre. The average is in the $1.00 to $3.00 range. 2

3 Kansas walk-in hunting access. The Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) has developed a walk-in hunting access program. This is a program where KDWP signs leases with landowners to open enrolled tracts to public hunting. Participating landowners receive payments that vary with the number of acres and length of lease. The department posts signs on the land, produces maps for hunters and patrols the areas. It has been a statewide program since Almost anyone who owns or leases eighty contiguous acres of land can qualify. Much of the land enrolled is Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) acres. CRP is ideal for Walk-In Hunting Access. Land with similar qualities and hunting opportunities such as native range land, weedy wheat stubble, milo stubble, riparian and wetland areas will also be considered. Acceptance into the program depends on the potential hunting opportunity provided, the size and location of the tract, and likelihood that hunting will occur. The return to the landowner is economic. The KDWP will pay from one dollar to over three dollars per acre depending on the size of tract and county in which the land is located. Hunters are only allowed to park their vehicles and walk in. In addition to the rent payments, state law provides that private individuals who lease their land to the state for recreational purposes are immune from damages or injuries resulting from ordinary negligence. If the landowner is interested in developing habitat and manage the land for increased wildlife development, KDWP will provide financial incentives. The additional payments vary with the type of management practices the landowner is willing to incorporate. Short term leasing and daily fees. This is a type of business where hunters pay the landowner for the right to exclusive access to the land for a specific period of time. It represents a significant increase in the required level of management and investment but has a greater potential return. The short term leasing can be for a week at a time or possibly as long as a hunting season. Typically, the client expects well-managed habitat, some facilities and some amount of service. The daily fee customers will usually expect service and facilities such as duck blinds or possibly even hunting dogs. Services are in the form of guides, transportation during the hunt and cleaning the game afterwards. In some situations the business has housing accommodations such as a bed and breakfast. The fees charged would range from fifty dollars per day to as much as three or four hundred dollars per day depending on the type of game hunted. The availability of deer and duck hunting generally attract the higher fees. The business can be successful if it can attract a large number of clients and has the ability to maintain repeat customers. An abundance of wildlife is necessary to attract clients and make them want to come back. They are attracted to action packed adventures and the challenge of bagging a trophy animal excites hunters. Hunting preserves. This is a full service business where the owner provides housing, equipment, guides and wildlife. Preserves can produce the greatest return but they require the greatest investment and therefore the greatest risk. There are more and more hunters 3

4 willing to pay substantial fees for this type of experience. The ability to charge substantial fees and attract an acceptable volume of clients is directly related to the availability and type of wildlife present. The fees charged are based on the demand for the experience by a nonlocal market. The decision to enter the hunting preserve business changes the entire scope of the services and marketing of the business. The fees charged and potential customers all change. The owner is now marketing to an upscale non-local clientele. The hunter is paying for the experience as much as the wildlife. The hunter is attracted to the outdoor experience and not necessarily the newest or grandest living conditions. This is a service business and the clientele expect great service. Accessories such as dogs, guns, decoys, blinds, campsites, cabins, trailer hookups, restrooms and camping gear may need to be provided. Other services that can be provided include cleaning and refrigeration of game, dog training, boarding and field trials, special organized shoots and target shooting. Investment in habitat and other wildlife producing activities will have to be made in order to meet the demand for plentiful wildlife. To be successful a hunting preserve business requires a high level of management, including production and preservation of wildlife, marketing of the business, service to the clientele and attention to risk management. Similar to production agriculture, these types of businesses can be profitable, however, the market is volatile and the investment and risk can be substantial. Wildlife Management Wildlife habitat and wildlife should be considered other crops to raise, just like wheat, corn or cattle. As with any enterprise on a farm or ranch, good management is the key. Producers cannot merely decide they want to get into the lease hunting business and then have it happen. They must manage the wildlife portion of their operations just as they manage the crop and livestock production portions of their operations. In order to have a successful lease-hunting program, the producer must first have wildlife and habitat to manage. Potential lessees pay a premium for an enjoyable, successful hunting experience. If they do not receive value for this investment, they will go elsewhere. They will also share with friends and acquaintances the reasons they left. The basic requirements for most species of wildlife are a year-round supply of food and water; and a place to hide, rest, roost, nest and raise young. Decisions in wildlife production are not independent of cropping and grazing decisions. Many traditional cultural practices can have a detrimental effect on wildlife populations. It is important for the producers to know the effects of these practices on habitat and populations. The first step in managing the production of wildlife is to take an inventory of wildlife population and wildlife habitat on the property. This process will help the producer make 4

5 decisions on how to manage the lease and if any habitat improvement is necessary. This includes becoming familiar with the life cycles of the wildlife on the property. Knowledge of the plant life that provides food and shelter to the wildlife is also critical. Are there any special habitat needs such as water for deer, cover for quail or roosting sites for turkeys? Food stress periods should be identified and additional food or food plots should be provided if possible. There is help available for habitat improvement. K-State Research and Extension has a Wildlife Specialist available to answer questions and provide advice and assessments. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks also provide technical information on wildlife habitat. The Kansas Forrest Service Conservation Tree Planting Program provides low cost tree and shrub seedlings that can be used in planting designed to improve wildlife habitat. The USDA Farm Service Agency offers cost sharing through the Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program and the Natural Resources Conservation Service offers advise on conservation farming practices that can enhance wildlife habitat. Also, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is now partially tied to wildlife habitat improvement and fee hunting is approved on all CRP land. Maintaining accurate records of game harvest is also an important management practice. Harvest records are helpful in measuring progress, determining cost of production, and evaluating management decisions. They assist in predicting future needs, determining the value of the lease and ascertaining the many hunters a property can support. Accurate records also serve as a marketing tool. The lease can require lessees to maintain and provide records of game harvested. They are usually more than happy to do this once it is explained to them how this information will improve future hunting experiences. Useful information includes hours hunted for each species, date and location of each harvest, numbers of each species harvested and the names of the hunters involved with the harvest. For big game such as deer, it is also useful to obtain the sex of the animal, dressed or whole weight, age and antler measurements. When projected or actual harvest rates are expected to cause an unwanted population trend, it may be necessary to establish harvest quotas. A harvest quota is the maximum number of a certain species that can be harvested from a certain area within a specific time frame. This generally occurs with large game. Harvest quotas are not usually necessary with small game, except when large areas are hunted with intense pressure or if it is desirable to spread the harvest out over a large period of time. Harvest quotas can change from year to year, so it is advisable to have a provision in the lease to change quota levels on an annual basis. One other wildlife management option is to stock the habitat with pen raised wildlife. This is generally done with upland game birds such as pheasant and quail. The advantage to using pen-raised birds is that there will always be a supply of birds to hunt, especially in years when populations are naturally low. The disadvantage is that pen raised birds are not considered as challenging to hunt as wild birds. Purchasing raised birds will also increase 5

6 expenses. Many hunters that travel long distances feel they can hunt pen-raised birds at home and will not pay a premium to hunt them elsewhere. Marketing Marketing is the process of moving a product from producer to consumer. Too often, it is assumed that the product of lease hunting operation is the harvested game. But, by the time all of the costs associated with a hunt are added up, game taken in a hunt greatly exceeds the price of game in a specialty meat store. Therefore, the product actually marketed is the hunting experience. Before the hunting experience can be offered, the producer must know what is available to make up that experience. Now, all of the earlier inventory and habitat work will begin to pay off, and the producer can come up with an outdoor recreation experience that people will pay a premium for. As is usually the case when starting anything new, it is best to start a marketing program small and grow it as necessary. Often, leases can be arranged by word-of-mouth advertising with local hunters, especially if the lease is near a more heavily populated area of the state. Many operators of lease hunting businesses maintain this is the best type of advertising. If actual advertising is needed, then newspaper advertising is a good place to start. Be sure to place ads at least 45 days prior to hunting season in a newspaper with wide circulation and run the advertising as often as the budget will allow. To start, target a nearby city and place ads in publications serving only that area. Advertising should include a location and description of the property, the species to be hunted, special services offered, fees, and a statement on the quality of hunting. Another form of marketing is the use of hunting directories. Ads for these directories may be found in newspapers, outdoor magazines and farm publications. Some are individual enterprises and some are connected with specific hunting organizations. If producers wish to be listed in one of these directories, they should ask the directory s author the following questions: Is this a multi or single state directory? How many landowners from Kansas and other states are enrolled? How many acres are currently enrolled in the directory? What is the charge to the landowner? What is the charge to the hunter? Who negotiates hunting arrangement, fees, etc.? How, where and when will the directory be distributed? How long has the directory been published and how often is it revised? Does the landowner have the right to enroll in other directories? If the operation offers premium services such as guided hunts and lodging, then having brochures printed is an attractive option. These brochures give the prospective customer something to hold onto when making a decision. Operations that are more specialized may 6

7 also want to invest in glossy magazine advertising or expanding the scope of newspaper advertising to more than one city, or even out of state advertising. The Internet also offers other advertising opportunities. Remember that people from out of state will tend to spend more money for an experience than those who are closer to home. It is also good to remember that, while increasing the services offered has the potential to greatly increase income, additional advertising will be needed to generate more customers to take advantage of these services. As in any business, the best advertising is a satisfied customer. All the advertising and marketing in the world will not bring back unhappy customers. If customers feel they received a good hunt at a fair price, then there will be customers next season. Liability Concerns Exposure to liability prevents some people from pursuing this type of business. Working with people involved in a potentially dangerous activity does produce concerns about liability. Liability issues can be managed and with proper planning and preparation should not prevent the business from being successful. State laws help protect landowners from liability to users that have free access, except for willful negligence. These laws are designed to encourage landowners to open their land to hunters and other recreational activities. However, there are several areas of potential liability that should be of concern to owners. Among these issues are the Americans with Disabilities Act, federal and state anti-discrimination laws, the possibility that activities on the land could be deemed to be a nuisance, the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, the need to acquire permits and licenses, compliance with zoning laws and possible deed restrictions. This paper will concentrate on the owners liability to people visiting the property and the Recreational Use Statute. Landowner liability - traditional approach. The traditional approach groups visitors into one of four categories. The state of Kansas is one of twenty-two states to move away from the traditional approach. However, to understand the Kansas approach it is helpful to discuss the traditional approach and then discuss how the Kansas approach has changed. The four traditional categories are 1) trespasser 2) licensees or social guests 3) invitees and 4) trespassing children. The definition of each category and the level of liability of each group are discussed below. The trespasser is the person who enters and remains on the property without permission or who exceeded the privilege granted by the owner. The landowner is not liable for harm to trespassers caused by his failure to put land in a reasonably safe condition. The trespasser does have rights. Once he is discovered, reasonable care is required. The landowner must not willfully or wantonly injure him. 7

8 The licensee is someone who has been granted permission and does not pay a fee to be on the property. Examples are people hunting for the day or someone fishing a farm pond with permission, but who have not paid fees. The owner owes a duty to exercise due care to avoid injury and warn of hidden dangers, but is not an insurer of the premises. The invitee is anyone on the premises for business purposes. The landowner is liable for hazards that he knows of or should have discovered. Hazards can be natural or man made. Conditions such as a highly energized electrical fence or dangerous domestic animals such as an aggressive bull require the owner to inform the invitee. The owner must take steps to protect the invitee by constructing fence or other structures to keep the danger away. The owner is only liable while the visitor is present subject to his invitation. Trespassing children may be treated as an invitee if the attractive nuisance doctrine applies. This doctrine was designed to provide protection for children injured by some dangerous artificial condition on the owner s property. Application of this doctrine is based on whether the child could appreciate the danger. Most state courts have favored the landowner that has taken steps to prevent children from reaching a nuisance condition by adequately fencing it off. Landowner liability - modern approach. As mentioned earlier the state of Kansas has moved away from the traditional system. Kansas and ten other states have adopted a system in which landowners owe a duty of reasonable care for all lawful entrants. Nebraska is also among this group of states. Therefore, no distinguishing is made as to the type of visitor except for lawful or unlawful. Eleven other states have adopted a standard of reasonable care for all entrants whether lawful or not. The owner is liable for injury under ordinary negligence principles of foreseeable risk and reasonable care. The state of Colorado is among this group. Landlords are not liable for injuries to third parties that occur on premises that are occupied by a tenant except if the landlord enters an agreement to repair the leased premises, but fails to do so and injury results. The landlord is also liable for injuries resulting from items the landlord negligently repairs. Recreational Use Statute. This statute extends liability protection to landowners, tenants, lessees, occupants and persons in control of property who make their land available for recreational use for which no economic benefit is received. Hunting is included in the recreational activities. The land included is roads, waters, watercourses, private ways, buildings, structures and machinery or equipment attached to realty. Under this statute the owner or occupier owes no duty of care to keep the premises safe or give warning of dangerous conditions, uses, structures or activities. The owner does not extend any assurances the premises are safe. Protection is not extended for injury caused by willful or malicious failure to guard or warn against a dangerous condition, use, structure or activity. In most states if a fee is charged the protection is lost and the user converts to an invitee. The protection is lost if the owner receives any economic benefit whether direct or 8

9 indirect. In Kansas, however, the statute says you can charge a fee but this has not been tested in the courts. Other states have similar provisions and when tested in their courts they have not been upheld. Managing risk. There are two basic strategies employed to manage the risk of the owner. The first is to take steps to maximize the safety and minimize the risk of injury to visitors. The second is self-protection in case someone is injured. A combination of both of the strategies is probably advisable. To accomplish the first, the owner can alleviate dangerous conditions. Cleaning up and removing hazards can do this. Avoid the usage of items that can be dangerous to the untrained or uninformed visitor. Excluding unwanted persons and activities can increase safety. Requiring guests to show proof of attending hunter safety courses and prohibiting alcohol are examples. Working with an attorney to produce a well-written agreement with clients can improve the safety of the visitors. Rules and requirements can be detailed in the agreement. The agreement can serve as proof of informing the visitor of safety concerns and hazards. Negligence on the part of the owner and employees can be reduced through training programs. Use of first aid kits and medical emergency training are steps to insure safety. Agreements to participate or hold harmless clauses provide some protection. These clauses must be a result of negotiation with the lessee and be drafted with great care. They cannot be part of an adhesion contract where the owner offers a take it or leave it agreement. The owner cannot depend on these types of documents to protect him in a liability suit. The second ingredient to managing risk is protecting your business if someone is injured. The surest form of protection is liability insurance. It is imperative that farm recreational businesses have some sort of insurance protection. Insurance, however, is not a substitute for employing safety management efforts. Sometimes it is difficult to find an insurance policy specifically for farm recreational activities. Insurance companies do not have a lot of data on farm recreational risks. The typical requirement is that you have to purchase a commercial general liability policy and then modify it with endorsements to cover revenue-generating commercial activities. This policy would be in addition to your farm liability policy. Communicating with your agent is essential to make sure your carrier is aware of the type of activities occurring on your property. You need to make sure the landlords, tenants, employees and owners are all protected. There may be some liability protection provided through the type of business organization you choose. Corporations and limited liability companies may provide some structural protection against the risk of losing all of your assets in a liability suit. Liability in most cases is limited to the amount invested in the corporation. Only that property placed in the corporation would be subject to a damage or injury claim. 9

10 Generally, property owners are not liable for injury to users that is caused by the natural conditions of the land, other users or wild animals. Owners may be liable if they neglect to warn about hazards or unsafe conditions. Liability is of greater concern when owners receive payment for usage. Developing a Lease Good business practices dictate that all recreational land use agreements should be in writing and signed by the lessor and the lessee. A proper lease outlines the rules of the lease and provides protection to both the landowner and the hunter. Developing a well-written lease makes landowners think hard about the goals for the property, as well as the methods in which they want their fee hunting businesses managed. A written lease can also prevent problems, such as hunting in off limit areas. This is because there is a written framework that has been agreed to by both parties. A written lease also provides the landowner an opportunity to visit with the potential lessee, giving them a chance to evaluate the lessee s character and philosophy. The lease arrangement has a much better chance of succeeding if the two parties involved have compatible philosophies. The following information covers suggested sections of a hunting or outdoor recreational lease. This is not intended to be legal advice and a lawyer should always be retained to draft up any lease agreement. Much of this information is taken from Chapter 24 of Private Lands and Wildlife Management. Introduction. The introduction should include the names and addresses of the lessor and the lessee. The lessee can be an individual, an informal hunting group, an organized hunting club, a corporation or an outfitter. If more than one person or a group is the lessee, then the lessor should request that one individual be assigned to represent the group. Purpose of the lease. This section describes the purpose of the lease, for example, hunting, fishing, camping or general recreation. Description of the land leased. This area should include an accurate, legal description of the land involved in the lease. This area should also include any no hunting areas or areas of the property not included in the lease, such as land around dwellings, or next to problem neighbors. A map showing property lines and no hunting areas should also be included to help avoid any misunderstandings that may arise. Terms of the lease. The starting and ending dates of the lease should be included in this section. Hunting methods and guest privileges can also be covered in this section. Also, what are the procedures that should be followed if a season is prematurely closed for some reason? Will the money be prorated and returned, or carried over to the next year. 10

11 Amount of the rent and payments. This section should include the total rent amount, the number of payments and when payments are due. Any security deposits required could also be listed in this section. Conditions of the lease. This section lists what is agreed or not agreed to as terms of the lease. This is the landowner s opportunity to outline the activities permitted on the land. Hunting rights can be leased for one, or multiple species of game, or the rights to hunt different species can be leased to other parties. Remedies for breach of lessee s responsibilities. This section describes the conditions under which the lessor can cancel the lease. Conditions for which a lease may be cancelled by the landowner should include failure to make lease payments or perform duties, unsafe conduct, property damage, failure to obey state hunting regulations, or hunting on a neighbor s property. Lessor s responsibilities. Clearly state what the lessor agrees to provide or do for the lessee s comfort and convenience, as well as any improvements that will be made for the lessee. There should be a clear understanding of what the landowner is providing, as it alleviate problems in the long run. As is clause. The lessee agrees to use the premises as it is in its present condition. Anti-assignment. This section states whether the landowner will or will not allow subleasing the property. Termination. Specifically state when the lease ends and the condition the land is to be left in. State if blinds, stands and other equipment are to be removed or left. Renegotiation and renewal provisions may also be included in this section. Liability or indemnity release clause. Be sure to work with an attorney on this section. Clauses suggested for this section include an indemnity clause, a hold harmless clause and safety rules. Lessee s responsibilities. This section lists the lessee s liability for damage to land, structures, people or farm animals. The lessor may also require the lessee to obtain liability insurance, to protect both parties. Closing formalities. This section contains signature and date areas, as well as wording and signature areas for a witness or notary to sign. Additional lease provisions. Each lease must balance the security needs of the landowner with the recreational needs of the hunter. The following list includes provisions a landowner may wish to consider in developing lease terms. Safety No hunting under the influence of alcohol or drugs. An adult must accompany children under

12 Not shooting in the direction of building or roads. Sign-in and sign-out requirements. Big game hunters must wear blaze orange. Care of Property How access to hunting areas is to be provided, where parking is allowed and when vehicles are allowed over fields. Improvements, such as wildlife plantings and facilities that lessees are allowed to make. Rules on opening and closing gates. Restrictions on fires and cook stoves. Rules on target shooting and sighting of rifles. Trash removal. Use of farm or ranch buildings, toilet facilities and water. No tree cutting. Miscellaneous Number of hunters permitted at one time. Hunting pressure. Specific days and times when no hunting is allowed. Number limit on guests and members must accompany guests. Owner retains hunting rights for family and friends. Hunters record game harvest for owner s records. If lessee builds a shelter, who provides the utilities? If lessee builds a shelter, who owns it? Conclusions Lease hunting can benefit landowners, hunters, wildlife and property. However, it does take management to realize these benefits. Management is not limited to habitat improvement, but also crop and livestock production practices that have an impact on game populations. It is best to start small and grow the business to a level with which the producer is comfortable. There is a potential for substantial profits, but it takes a significant commitment of capital and management time to make a full service hunting operation successful. There is, however, room for all sizes of operations. Lease hunting is a risky venture, both financially and legally. Producers need to be familiar with the liabilities they are assuming and carry the proper insurance coverage. A written lease is a must. Contacting a lawyer about liability issues and for help in drafting a lease agreement is essential. Lease hunting is an untapped resource throughout much of Kansas. While it is not for everybody, it is worth considering if the producer can assume the risk and provide the management skills needed. 12

13 References Anderson, Steven, Michael D. Porter and Terry Bidwell Lease Hunting Opportunities for Oklahoma Landowners. Oklahoma State University Extension Facts No Bassett, Barbara and Deretha Freiling. Fee Hunting Extra Income. University of Missouri Columbia Extension Service. 15 pp. Gartner, Willliam C Marketing the Wildlife Hunting Experience. Wildlife Management Handbook. The Texas A&M University System. I-D 1-4. Harmel, Donnie Optimal Management of Livestock for Wildlife Benefit. Wildlife Management Handbook. The Texas A&M University System. I-B McEowen, Roger A. and Neil E. Harl Principles of Agricultural Law. Agricultural Law Press. 11: Nielson, Merrill. Spillman Creek Lodge. RR 1 Box 40 Sylvan Grove, KS. Phone No Powell, Jeff, Richard Olsen and Edward Kozicky Economic Returns of Wildlife to the Landowner. Private Lands and Wildlife Management. Kansas State University. 22: Powell, Jeff, Richard Olsen and Edward Kozicky Assessing Farm/Ranch Recreation Potential. Private Lands and Wildlife Management. Kansas State University. 24: Powell, Jeff, Richard Olsen and Edward Kozicky Marketing Farm/Ranch Recreation. Private Lands and Wildlife Management. Kansas State University. 25: