Operations Research in Production Planning, Scheduling, and Inventory Control

Transcription

1 TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE DARMSTADT Fachbereich 1 Ges am t b i bj_[o_t he_k Bet ri eb? wi rtscha\ \ si eh re Inventar-Nr. : Abstell-Nr. : Sachgebiete:.^~ Operations Research in Production Planning, Scheduling, and Inventory Control Lynwood A. Johnson Douglas C. Montgomery Georgia Institute of Technology JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC; New York London Sydney Toronto

2 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Analysis of Production-Inventory Systems THE PROBLEM ENVIRONMENT ' The Material Flow System Types of Systems Decision Problems Criteria for Decisions AN OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK REFERENCES 11 Chapter 2 Inventory Systems INTRODUCTION 13

3 2-1.1 Inventory Problems Functions of Inventories Measures of Effectiveness Uncertainty in Inventory Processes Inventory Policies Analysis of Inventory Systems DETERMINISTIC SINGLE-ITEM MODELS WITH STATIC DEMAND MULTIPLE ITEMS AND CONSTRAINTS QUANTITY DISCOUNTS 37 '> All-Units Discounts Incremental Discounts STOCHASTIC SINGLE-PERIOD MODELS PERIODIC REVIEW MODELS Multiperiod Models with No Fixed Ordering Cost Multiperiod Models with a Fixed Ordering Cost A Heuristic Treatment of the Periodic Review Case with Backorders CONTINUOUS REVIEW MODELS A Heuristic Treatment of the Fixed Reorder Quantity Policy with Backorders A Heuristic Treatment of the Fixed Reorder ' Quantity System with Lost Sales Base Stock Systems with Constant Lead Times Base Stock Systems with Variable Lead Times LOT-SIZE PROBLEMS WITH DYNAMIC DEMAND Continuous Review Lot-Size Problem Periodic Review Lot-Size Problem REFERENCES EXERCISES 79 Chapter 3 Production Planning Static Models INTRODUCTION PRODUCT MIX DECISIONS Linear Programming Formulations Stochastic Product Mix Problems 110 X

4 3-3 PROCESS SELECTION PROBLEMS BLENDING PROBLEMS, SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF MULTIPLE PRODUCTS BY A SINGLE ACTIVITY SINGLE-FACILITY LOT-SIZE PROBLEMS MULTIPERIOD PLANNING UNDER STATIC PROBABILISTIC DEMAND Markov Models and Optimal Periodic Review Policies A Model with Demand Dependent Upon Service Time MULTISTAGE PLANNING PROBLEMS Linear Programming Models A Single-Period Stochastic Model Multistage Base Stock Systems A Multistage Periodic Review Model with Stochastic Demand Multistage Economic Lot-Size Problems REFERENCES EXERCISES 167 Chapter 4 Production Planning Dynamic Models INTRODUCTION MODELS WITH LINEAR COSTS A Model with Only Production and Inventory Costs A Model with Production Rate Change Costs and Backlogging -" A Model with Employment Level and Overtime Decisions DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING AND NETWORK MODELS A General Dynamic Programming Model Network Representations Models with Convex Costs Models with Concave Costs PRODUCTION AND WORK FORCE SMOOTHING Smoothing Problems and Aggregate Planning 225 XJ

5 4-4.2 Models with Production Change Costs Models with Work Force Change Costs Other Approaches to Aggregate Planning ADAPTIVE MODELS FOR PRODUCTION CONTROL Production Control Rules Effect on Production and Inventories MULTIPRODUCT MODELS Multiproduct Linear Programming Models Multiproduct Models with Nonlinear Costs MULTISTAGE MODELS 258 is Structure of Multistage Models Linear Programming Models Network Models STOCHASTIC MODELS Dynamic Programming Models for a Single Product Chance-Constrained Programming Models REFERENCES' EXERCISES 296 Chapter 5 Operations Scheduling INTRODUCTION JOB SHOP SCHEDULING n Jobs, One Machine n Jobs, Two Machines n Jobs, Three Machines Two Jobs, m Machines ' n Jobs, m Machines Scheduling to Minimize Total Setup Costs Priority Dispatching in Dynamic Job Shops PROJECT SCHEDULING The Critical Path Method (CPM) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Resource Allocation in Project Network Models ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING Mathematical Programming Formulations Heuristic Assembly Line Balancing Procedures 368 XII

6 5-5 REFERENCES EXERCISES 376 Chapter 6 Forecasting Systems 399 3QQ 6-1 INTRODUCTION Nature and Uses of Forecasts Sources of Data Models and Criteria REGRESSION METHODS MOVING AVERAGE METHODS 410 t> A Constant Process A Linear Trend Process EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHODS Single Exponential Smoothing for a Constant Process Double Exponential Smoothing for a Linear Trend Process Higher-Order Polynomial Models Winters' Method for Seasonal Variation Adaptive Smoothing Choice of Smoothing Constant FORECASTING OVER LEAD TIMES THE TRACKING SIGNAL AND ANALYSIS OF FORECAST ERRORS FORECASTING THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF DEMAND ADAPTIVE CONTROL MODELS BAYESIAN METHOD IN FORECASTING THE BOX-JENKINS MODELS A Class of Time Series Models Forecasting with the Box-Jenkins Models REFERENCES EXERCISES 478 Chapter 7 Systems Design and Implementation 495 XI11

7 7-1 THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Problem Identification Conceptual Design Economic Justification Implementation Personnel and Other Resources SYSTEM OPERATION Routine Decisions Nonroutine Decisions Maintenance 504, } 1-2 A Education Operating Responsibility REFERENCES 505 Appendix 507 Index 519 XIV